Inside Look at Oracle OLAP With Advanced Analytics-Vakil

Oracle OLAP

Ratan VakilBusiness Analytics, [email protected] or yahoo chat: ofaguru

Competitive Analysis-Key Indicator Tracking-

Trend Analysis-Exception Reporting-

Budgeting-Consolidation-

Variance Analysis-

Financial Modelling-Foreign Exchange/Cash Management-

Asset Liability Modelling-Activity Based Management-

Investment/Acquisitions-Reorganization Analysis-

Long Range Planning-

-Resource Allocation-Capacity Planning-Human Resource Planning

-Sales Tracking-Promotion Analysis-Sales Forecasting

-Product Profitability-Customer Profiling-Distribution Analysis-Sales Performance/Effectiveness

BoardBoard

Planning / Planning / AnalystsAnalysts

FinanceFinanceDeptDept

Sales &Sales &MarketingMarketingDeptDept

Just about everyone in the

company!!

The Business RequirementsWho generates them?

OLTP vs. OLAP

Transactional

Who?What?Where?

Report data

Analytical

Why?How?What if ?

Analyze & use data

Pedigree (short)

OLAP is alive and well at Oracle

y Over thirty years of innovation yields a complete and compelling OLAP platform

Express, the first multidimensional database Oracle 9iR2, the first (and only) relational-

multidimensional database Oracle 10g y The first (and only) Grid capable OLAP platformy All new administrationy All new data access toolsy All new applications

What if A single database offered the openess of a relational

solution?

and provided the calculation power of a multidimensional engine ?

The calculations could be defined as easily as spreadsheet formulas?

The system was efficient to build and maintain ?

Users experienced excellent query performance ?

Purely Relational, ROLAP, or MOLAP?A typical MOLAP implementation

Multidimensional model: They want to inspect their data in a multidimensional format that includes dimensions, levels, hierarchies and attributes.

Calculations: They want to define calculations that adhere to the proprietary rules that govern their particular multidimensional view of the data. For example, as in aggregation.

Processing efficiency: Since analysis is an intensively re-iterative process, the query response time must be sub-second. OLAP engines are better designed to meet this requirement.

Transaction model: A read-repeatable transaction model that supports what-if analysis.

The Business RequirementsWhy do they need OLAP?

Businesses need OLAP because:

Design Logical modelsDesign Logical models

88

coc_Measure_Result_Graph

PK,FK1 ASSOC_IDPK MEASURE_ID

coc_Officer_Dim

PK ASSOC_IDPK ROLE_CD

Lookup

coc_Profitability

PK,FK1 CST_IDPK,FK2 ASSOC_IDPK,FK2 ROLE_CDPK,FK3 PRD_CDPK,FK4 SYS_ASOF_DTPK,FK4 PERIOD_CDPK,FK4 SOURCE_DT

coc_Customer_Dim

PK CST_ID

coc_Officer_Dim


coc_Time_Dim

PK SYS_ASOF_DTPK PERIOD_CDPK SOURCE_DT

coc_Product_Dim

PK PRD_CD

coc_Opportunity

PK,FK1 CST_IDPK,FK2 ASSOC_IDPK,FK2 ROLE_CDPK,FK3 SYS_ASOF_DTPK,FK3 PERIOD_CDPK,FK3 SOURCE_DT

coc_Customer_Dim

PK CST_ID

coc_Officer_Dim


coc_Time_Dim

PK SYS_ASOF_DTPK PERIOD_CDPK SOURCE_DT

Select a purely relational implementation when

The analytic requirements of the business are met by the capabilities of SQL.

There are appropriate in-house SQL skills.

The relational engine provides satisfactory query performance.

Purely Relational, ROLAP, or MOLAP?

PRODUCT prod A prod B prod C prod D prod E SALES

Prod Cust Time

CUST cust A cust B cust C cust D cust E

TIME Year Quarter Month Week Day

A purely relational implementation is designed and optimized to support the efficient movement and calculation of large volumes of data.

Purely Relational, ROLAP, or MOLAP?Relational Technology

Select a ROLAP implementation when

The analytic requirements of the business are met by the capabilities of SQL.

User is looking for an easier way to formulate complex queries.

The detail data is very sparse.

Use Materialized Views to optimize performance.


This is a ROLAP IMPLEMENTATION.

PRODUCT prod A prod B prod C prod D prod E SALES

Prod Cust Time

CUST cust A cust B cust C cust D cust E

TIME Year Quarter Month Week Day

Cube

Dimension Object Dimension Hierarchy Level Attribute

Dimension ObjectDimension Object

Dimension Object

Purely Relational, ROLAP, or MOLAP?Relational Technology

Select a MOLAP implementation

When the analytic requirements of the business need the extended analytic, forecasting and planning functionality of Multidimensional Database Technology.

When the analysis includes lots of calculated and aggregated Key Performance Indicators

Need an easier way to define complex or proprietary calculations.

Need a transaction model that supports what-if analysis.


$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $

SALES dimensioned by PRODUCT, CUSTOMER,TIME

Cube

Purely Relational, ROLAP, or MOLAP?Multidimensional Technology

This is a MOLAP implementation

Some benefits of the multidimensional processing model . . .

A separate query is formulated and executed for each dimensional component of the query.

Ease of use feature!

No JOIN is required when using the multidimensional technology.

Improved performance!

Aggregate then filter methodology is used.Consistent, correct results. Intelligent drill!.

Purely Relational, ROLAP, or MOLAP?Multidimensional Technology

Components include:

A powerful SQL calculation engine A powerful multidimensional calculation engine Multidimensional data storage and retrieval Programming APIs for SQL, PL/SQL, and Java Dimensionally aware data manipulation language

(OLAP DML)

SQL access to multidimensional data

ArchitectureThe OLAP Option in the Oracle Database

Prior Architecture

Clients

MultidimensionalDatabases

OperationalSources

Data MartsData Warehouse

Runtime

Warehouse ETL

OLAP ETL

DB2, SQL Server,

Oracle, etc.

Oracle Call InterfaceOracle Call Interface

Relational TechnologyRelational Technology

SQL EngineSQL Engine

Object TechnologyObject Technology

Table FunctionsTable Functions

OLAP TechnologyOLAP Technology

Multidimensional Multidimensional EngineEngine

Storage

Relational Data

MultidimensionalData

Oracle Database

OLAP APIOLAP APIMetadataMetadata

JDBCJDBC

Current ArchitectureThe OLAP Option in the Oracle Database

Because no single tool will satisfy all of the users in an organization

Oracle has products that represent every class of reporting tool.

Architecture Open access

DW

ETL

OLAP

Data Mining

8. Any SQL interface or query tool SQL, PL/SQL 1. Simple reporting tools that execute pre-defined

SQL statements, and has no knowledge of OLAPHTML DB

3. Multidimensional object-aware OLAP-aware tools thatgenerate SQLDiscovererPlus OLAP

2. OLAP-aware tools that generate SQL Discoverer Plus

4. Tools that provide the ability to define highly formatted reportsin multiple formatsReports

6. Spreadsheet toolsOracle Excel Add-in

7. Custom built applicationsOLAP Java API

5. OLAP-aware application building toolsBI Beans

HTML DB

DiscovererPlus OLAP

Oracle Reports(OLTP)BI Beans

OLAP ExcelAdd-in

Forms Builder.lnkOracle Forms

Any SQL Query Tool

DiscovererPlus


DW

ETL

OLAP

Data Mining

8. Any SQL interface or query tool SQL, PL/SQL 1. Simple reporting tools that execute pre-defined

SQL statements, and has no knowledge of OLAPHTML DB





5. OLAP-aware application building toolsBI Beans 4. Tools that provide

the ability to define highly formatted reportsin multiple formatsReports

HTML DB

DiscovererPlus OLAP


OLAP ExcelAdd-in


Any SQL Query Tool

DiscovererPlus


Every Oracle tool can access the power of the

Analytic Workspace.

DW

ETL

OLAP

Data Mining

8. Any SQL interface or query tool SQL, PL/SQL



4. Tools that provide the ability to define highly formatted reportsin multiple formatsReports



5. OLAP-aware application building toolsBI Beans

1. Simple reporting tools that execute pre-defined SQL statements, and has no knowledge of OLAPHTML DB

HTML DB

DiscovererPlus OLAP


OLAP ExcelAdd-in


Any SQL Query Tool

DiscovererPlus


In fact, thepower of the

Analytic Workspace can be accessed by any third-party tool that emits

SQL!

select from view or table

Relational Multidimensional

Relational View(s)

SQL Generator

Application

Metadata

OLAP API

Row and Table ADTs

OLAP_TABLE

This object represents the

Analytic Workspace

Lets take a closer look at

the AW.

A Closer Look

An Analytic Workspace is a container that holds multidimensional data and objects.

The data data in the AW is manipulated by the multidimensional calculation engine that is imbedded in the RDBMS.

AWs and the multidimensional engine were designed for efficient processing of multidimensional calculations.

A Closer LookAnalytic Workspace

While ADo B

End

Program source code

Hierarchydefinitions

Datarelationships

Definitions for logical groupings of data

--- CUBES CUBES CUBES ---

Dimensiondata

Measuredata

Formulas and equations

Dimension definitionsMeasure definitions

OLAPDML

A Closer LookAnalytic Workspace

Use these tools to design and build your OLAP data warehouse:

Oracle Warehouse Builder End-to-end ETL tool

Enterprise Manager Describe the star or snowflake logical data model

Analytic Workspace Manager Build AW from star schema DBMS_AWM APIs Build AW from star schema OLAP DML Programmatically build the AW and all of its objects

Prepare the OLAP Data Warehouse The tools

Dimensional Model

Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N SA N S W E R SA N S W E R S

Oracle OLAPOLTP vs. OLAPPedigree (short) OLAP is alive and well at OracleDesign Logical modelsPrior ArchitecturePrepare the OLAP Data Warehouse The toolsDimensional ModelDimensional Model

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Inside Look at Oracle OLAP With Advanced Analytics-Vakil