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Insight Hub How to Gain from the Brain Drain Sami Mahroum
Share of patents with a MENA-background on total PCT patents, 1990-2013 (fractional count)
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
Shar
e of
tota
l PCT
pat
ents
(fra
ctio
nal c
ount
s)
Canada
France
USA
UK
EU-28
Germany
Japan
Source: OECD, REGPAT database, February 2016, own calculations
From 2009 to 2013:
• 13,180 patent applications (5.1% of total) filed by US organizations and individuals with at least one MENA name.
• MENA inventors were involved in 220 US patent
applications each month.
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Turk
ey
Calif
orni
a
Germ
any
Fran
ce
Cana
da UK
Saud
i Ara
bia
Texa
s
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Swed
en
Egyp
t
New
Yor
k
Net
herla
nds
New
Jers
ey
Switz
erla
nd
Was
hing
ton
Illin
ois
Mal
aysia
Ohi
o
Aust
ralia
Num
ber o
f PCT
pat
ents
(fra
ctio
nal c
ount
s)
DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL,
DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES
other MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
other HUMAN NECESSITIES
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDSother CHEMISTRY;
METALLURGY
TEXTILES; PAPER FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONSother PHYSICS
other MEASURING; TESTING
INVESTIGATING CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
other COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING
ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR ADMIN/ COMMERCIAL PURPOSES
other ELECTRICITY
other BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
other ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS
16.0
13.3 14.3
18.7
6.5
2.7
4.8 4.3 4.3 4.0
27.1
15.4
11.6 9.8
6.4 5.4 5.1
4.2 3.7 3.2
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
InformationTechnology
Healthcare ConsumerDiscretionary
Banks Capital Goods InvestmentBanking andBrokerage
Energy ConsumerStaples
Materials Commercialand
ProfessionalServices
MENA Executives Sector Distribution in Publically Listed Companies compared to Nation-wide
General C-level Population MENA
Company Total MENA background MENA share Intel 3,595 166 4.6% Qualcomm 9,677 392 4.1% Applied Materials 1,294 44 3.4% Apple 1,927 59 3.1% Schlumberger 898 25 2.8% Microsoft 3,848 98 2.5% IBM 1,752 36 2.0% Johnson & Johnson** 1,519 25 1.7% Google 2,240 38 1.7% HP 2,688 43 1.6% General Electric 1,582 26 1.6% Halliburton 2,240 33 1.5% Dow Chemical Company* 2,177 32 1.4% Procter & Gamble 1,472 19 1.3% Baker Hughes 1,,456 19 1.3% DuPont 1,447 15 1.0% 3M 2,211 22 1.0% Merck Sharp & Dohme 791 7 0.9% United Technologies 1,828 11 0.6% Corning* 1,450 6 0.4% Top 20 Total 46,093 1,116 2.4% US Total 244,174 4,507 1.8% Share of Total 19% 25%
*Dow Corning included in Dow Chemicals, planned merger of Dow Chemicals and DuPont (DowDuPont) not reflected
Source: World Intellectual Patent Organization, own calculations
2 out of 15 most-loved CEOs of 2016 in the US (Glassdoor)
Dara Khosrowshahi (President, Expedia) Rami Rahim (CEO, Juniper Networks)
US Executives of MENA Ethnicity
China India MENA World Total
5,461 4,720 2,246 284,492 296,919
1.84% 1.59% 0.76% 95.81% 100.00%
58.4
16.7
24.8
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
US Educated Only Foreign & US Educated Foreign Educated Only
Where were they trained?
In 2013, 43% of Arab immigrants in the US
aged 25 and older had a bachelor’s degree or
higher, compared to 28% of all immigrants to
the US, and 30% of native-born US adults.
Ahmed Zewail Nobel Laureate Chemistry
Zaha Hadid Architecture
Charles Elachi Space Science
Hanadi Sleiman Chemistry
Ayah Bdeir Technopreneur
Farouk El-Baz Space Science
Michael DeBakey Medicine
Doris Daou Astronomy
Mostafa El-Sayed Nanoscience
Mona Nemer Clinical Research
Dina Katabi Computer Science
Oussama Khatib Robotics
Rana El-Kaliouby Artificial Intelligence
Joseph Aoun Linguist
Elias Zerhouni Healthcare
How might we leverage the highly skilled MENA diaspora?