Jan-Anders Månson

Press-meeting:

May 28, 2009

o

Innovation “insightful ideas successfully to the market”

Jan-Anders Månson

Requirements on the Cellulose Fibres from the Composite Industry

Prof. Jan-Anders Månson

Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Technology (LTC)

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

The Marcus Wallenberg Prize Symposium September 24, 2013

Jan-Anders Månson

Cellulose fibers in everyday life

Traditional building

Inexpensive “filler”

Insulation packaging

Composite reinforcement

Functional barrier

Tailored bio-medical

Jan-Anders Månson

What cellulose-based fibers can offer

Nanostructure

Versatile reactivity

Hollow/Porous

Low density

High aspect ratio

Hydrophilic

Biodegradable

Recyclable

Insulation

Damping

Mech.prop/weight

Bio-compatible

Permeability

Jan-Anders Månson

STRUCTURAL: “Mechanical

Performance”

BIO-MEDICAL: “Bio-

compatibility”

PACKAGING: “Protective Properties”

OUTLINE: Cellulose-based composites: Potential future application areas

Cellular composites (density)

Barrier properties (permeability)

Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)

Damping (energy dissipation)

BACKGROUND CONCLUSION

Highlights from

ongoing research

at EPFL-LTC

Swelling properties (sorption)

Jan-Anders Månson

What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites

Nanostructure

Versatile reactivity

Hollow/Porous

Low density

High aspect ratio

Hydrophilic

Biodegradable

Recyclable

Insulation

Damping

Mech.prop/weight

Bio-compatible

Permeability Cellular composites (density)

Barrier properties (permeability)

Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)

Damping (energy dissipation)

Swelling properties (sorption)

Jan-Anders Månson

From wood to cellulose nanofibrils

E-modulus Structure Spec. E-modulus E/r

0 0

100

200

(GPa)

Glass fiber

Carbon fiber

Glass fiber

Carbon fiber

Cellulose

fiber

MFC/NFC

fiber

MFC/NFC

fiber

Cellulose

fiber

50

100

(GPa cm3/g)

Wood Wood

cm

Wood

mm

Cellulose fiber

nm

MFC/NFC

Jan-Anders Månson

Fiber specifics

Glass fiber Carbon fiber Cellulose fiber MFC/NFC fiber

Spec. Modulus, E/r

30 110 25 90

Shape Configuration

• Continuous • Straight • Uniform

• Continuous • Straight • Uniform

• Discontinuous • Non straight • Non uniform

• Discontinuous • Non straight • Non uniform

Potential Processing

temperature 400-500 °C 400-500 °C 130-160°C 130-160°C

Properties “dead” properties “active” properties

50μm

Jan-Anders Månson

100 200

Advanced

composites

0.5 1.0

100 50 10

100 50 10

Co

mp

os

ite

Fib

re s

ys

tem

Engineering

composites “Natural”

composites

configuration

fibre E-modulus

shape L/d

volume fraction

E-modules

E/r

1.0 3.0 density

2.0

What natural fibres can offer in mechanical performance

Jan-Anders Månson

Advanced

composites

100 50 10

100 50 10

Engineering

composites

“Natural”

composites

E-modules

E/r

The place of natural fibres in the composite world

Jan-Anders Månson

What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites

Nanostructure

Versatile reactivity

Hollow/Porous

Low density

High aspect ratio

Hydrophilic

Biodegradable

Recyclable

Insulation

Damping

Mech.prop/weight

Bio-compatible

Permeability Cellular composites (density)

Barrier properties (permeability)

Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)

Damping (energy dissipation)

Swelling properties (sorption)

Jan-Anders Månson

Reasoning and approach: It’s about “feel & control”

Macromechanical level

• External damping treatment

• Embedded and co-cured viscoelastic layers

• Submicron diameter carbon filaments

• Fibre orientation and coupling effects

• Hybrid laminates

Micromechanical level

• Viscoelastic nature of matrix and/or fibre • Fibre-matrix interphase • Fibre aspect ratio • “Living” and “active” fiber

STIFFNESS

WEIGHT = PERFORMANCE FAST ENERGY RESTITUTION ENERGY STORAGE

AND RELEASE =>

=> Tailored damping => “Nervous” equipment

Stiff

ness

Dam

pin

g C

apaci

ty

Changes in composite structure, e.g. fiber orientation, fiber length, etc.

?

Stiff

ness

Dam

pin

g C

apaci

ty

Changes in composite structure, e.g. fiber orientation, fiber length, etc.

Stiff

ness

Dam

pin

g C

apaci

ty

Changes in composite structure, e.g. fiber orientation, fiber length, etc.

?

Jan-Anders Månson

Zimmerman et al.,2004, Neagu et al., 2006,

Level of energy dissipating interfaces cm mm mm nm

Polymer matrix Natural

fiber

+200%

NF

F.Duc, P.E. Bourban, C. Plummer, J.A. Månson Damping of thermoset and thermoplastic flax fibre composites, Composites part A, submitted, 2013

Jan-Anders Månson

What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites

Nanostructure

Versatile reactivity

Hollow/Porous

Low density

High aspect ratio

Hydrophilic

Biodegradable

Recyclable

Insulation

Damping

Mech.prop/weight

Bio-compatible

Permeability Cellular composites (density)

Barrier properties (permeability)

Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)

Damping (energy dissipation)

Swelling properties (sorption)

Jan-Anders Månson

Foam materials

Jan-Anders Månson

Foaming with MFC/NFC fibers

Neat PLA

Neat PLA

+MFC

50

μm

Squeezes MFC/NFC inbetween the molten PLA particles

50

μm

MFC/NFC within the molten PLA particles

Degradable bone inplants as

stemcell scaffolds

C. Plummer, C. Choo, C. Boissard, P.E. Bourban, J.A.Månson Morphological investigation of polylactide/microfibrillated cellulose composites Colloid and Polymer Science, 2013

C.Boissard, P.E. Bourban, P. Tingaut, T. Zimmerman, J.A.Månson Water of functionalized microfibrillated cellulose as foaming agent for elaboration of poly/lactic acid biocomposites J. of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 30, 8, 709-719, 2001

M. Buhler, P.E. Bourban, J.A.Månson Cellular composites based on continuous fibres and bioresorbable polymers Composites Part A, 39, 1779-1786, 2008

C.Boissard, P.E. Bourban, C. Plummer, C. Neagu, J.A.Månson Cellular Biocomposites from Polylactide and microfibrillated cellulose Journal of Cellular Plastics 48(5) 445-458, 2012

Jan-Anders Månson

What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites

Nanostructure

Versatile reactivity

Hollow/Porous

Low density

High aspect ratio

Hydrophilic

Biodegradable

Recyclable

Insulation

Damping

Mech.prop/weight

Bio-compatible

Permeability Cellular composites (density)

Barrier properties (permeability)

Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)

Damping (energy dissipation)

Swelling properties (sorption)

Jan-Anders Månson

MFC/NFC has a large potential for packaging

Jan-Anders Månson

Enhanced barrier properties even in humid atmosphere

UV-cured nanocellulose composites for gas barrier films

MFC/NFC network impregnated with

UV curable resin

Nanocomposite films are highly transparent

With cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing

10 µm non porous

nanocellulose film!

Improved thermo-mechanical performance

Fra

cti

on

of

MF

C/N

FC

Galland S., Leterrier Y., Nardi T., Plummer C.J.G., Månson J.A.E. and Berglund L.A., UV-cured cellulose nanofiber composites with moisture durable oxygen barrier properties. To be published.

Jan-Anders Månson

What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites

Nanostructure

Versatile reactivity

Hollow/Porous

Low density

High aspect ratio

Hydrophilic

Biodegradable

Recyclable

Insulation

Damping

Mech.prop/weight

Bio-compatible

Permeability Cellular composites (density)

Barrier properties (permeability)

Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)

Damping (energy dissipation)

Swelling properties (sorption)

Jan-Anders Månson

Swe

llin

g ra

tio

Weight fraction MFC/NFC

Elas

tic

mo

du

lus

Weight fraction MFC/NFC

Modification of fibrils hydrophilicity (DS) to tailor the swelling

NFC increases elastic modulus of 3 to 8-fold.

Swelling hindered by high concentrations of MFC/NFC

Injectable composite hydrogels: Tailored elastic modulus and swelling behavior by modified degree of substituion (DS) of the hydrophilicity of the MFC/NFC

Injectable composite hydrogels for the replacement of the nucleus pulposus. nucleus pulposu = jelly-like (hydrogel) substance in the middle of the spinal disc

- A. Borges, C. Eyholzer, F. Duc, P.E. Bourban, P. Tingaut ,T. Zimmermann, D. Pioletti, J.A. Månson Nanofibrillated cellulose composite hydrogel for the replacement of the nucleus pulposus Acta Biomaterialia,7, 3412-3421, 2011 - A. Borges, P.E. Bourban, D. Pioletti, J.A. Månson Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of a composite hydrogel for the replacement of the nucleus pulposus. Composites Science and Technology, 70,1847-1853, 2010

Jan-Anders Månson

STRUCTURAL: “Mechanical

Performance”

BIO-MEDICAL: “Bio-

compatibility”

PACKAGING: “Protective Properties”

OUTLINE: Cellulose-based composites

Cellular composites (density)

Barrier properties (permeability)

Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)

Damping (energy dissipation)

BACKGROUND CONCLUSION

Ongoing research at EPFL-LTC

Potential future application areas

Swelling properties (sorption)

Jan-Anders Månson

Cellulose fibers in everyday life for the future

Traditional building

Inexpensive “filler”

Insulation packaging

Composite reinforcement

Functional barrier

Tailored bio-medical

Jan-Anders Månson

Some final thoughts

Traditional building

Inexpensive “filler”

Insulation packaging

Composite reinforcement

Functional barrier

Tailored bio-medical

What I would like to see from the MFC/NFC in the future:

- More uniform properties

- Increased thermomechanical stability (durability)

- Low environmental impact (LCA) from - extraction process

- dispersion process !

- Traditional industry ready to re-invest

- Commercial access to cost-effective MFC/NFC (!)