INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR SKIN … · INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL FOR SKIN EFFECT ... The skin effect current tracing heat tube is welded ... Details are available

Installation and Operation Manual Skin-Effect Electrically Traced Piping System

INSTALLATIONAND OPERATION MANUAL

FOR SKIN EFFECTELECTRICALLY TRACED

PIPING SYSTEMS

INSTALL\SKIN.0300

Skin-Effect Electrically Traced Piping System Installation and Operation Manual

CONTENTS

Skin Effect Electrically Traced Piping System

Principles of Operation ............................................................................................................................. 1

System Components ............................................................................................................................... 1

Electrical Equipment Installation and Operation

Control Operation ..................................................................................................................................... 3

Safety Considerations .............................................................................................................................. 3

Sensor Installation .................................................................................................................................... 4

Junction Box Preparation ................................................................................................................... 4

Washer-Type Sensor Installation Using Existing Field Joint ............................................................... 4

Band Length Table .................................................................................................................................... 5

Wire Splicing Procedure for Ricwil Spec RW-LV, 90 & 150°C, 600 Volt Wire ......................................... 7

Wire Splicing Procedure for Ricwil Spec RW-LV, 150°C, 2KV Wire ........................................................ 7

Wire Splicing Procedure for Ricwil Spec RW-LV, 250°C 600V & 3KV Wire ............................................ 8

Recommended Crimping Tools ............................................................................................................... 8

Feed Point Connection Instructions ......................................................................................................... 9

Recommended Maintenance ................................................................................................................... 9

General ............................................................................................................................................... 9

Power Equipment ............................................................................................................................... 9

Skin Effect Current Tracing Heating Cable ....................................................................................... 10

Control Equipment ................................................................................................................................. 11

Maintenance Inspection Frequency ........................................................................................................ 12

Maintenance/Inspection Chart ................................................................................................................ 13

Troubleshooting Guide............................................................................................................................ 14

Start Up .................................................................................................................................................. 16

Preinsulated / Prefabricated Piping System and Installation

Product Description ............................................................................................................................... 17

Unloading & Handling & Storing ............................................................................................................. 17

Field Joint Procedures............................................................................................................................ 17

Heat Tube .......................................................................................................................................... 17

Field Alteration of Heat Tube .............................................................................................................. 18


PVC Jacket and Insulation Above Ground ......................................................................................... 19

PVC Jacket and Insulation Underground ........................................................................................... 19

Metal Jacket Above Ground ............................................................................................................... 20

Polyethylene Jacket and Insulation Above Ground and Underground ................................................ 20

Carrier Pipe and Heat Tube Testing ........................................................................................................ 21

Cable ...................................................................................................................................................... 21

Cable Pulling .................................................................................................................................... 21

Cable Splicing .................................................................................................................................. 21

Cable Terminating ............................................................................................................................ 22

Cable Testing .................................................................................................................................... 22

Cable Pull Boxes .............................................................................................................................. 22

Critical Installation Procedures ............................................................................................................... 22

Heat Tube ......................................................................................................................................... 22

Cable ................................................................................................................................................ 22

Pull Boxes ........................................................................................................................................ 23

Temperature Sensors ....................................................................................................................... 23

Power Center (Transformer & Controls) .......................................................................................... 23

Temperature Sensors ............................................................................................................................ 23

Power Center Installation ....................................................................................................................... 23

Power Center Testing ....................................................................................................................... 23

Backfilling - Underground Installations .................................................................................................... 23

Warranty ................................................................................................................................................. 24

Miscellaneous.......................................................................................................................... INCLUDED

Control Equipment Operating Manuals ................................................................................... INCLUDED

Drawings ................................................................................................................................. INCLUDED

Specifications and Performance ............................................................................................. INCLUDED

CONTENTS cont.

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

The skin effect current tracing system is anelectrically traced pipe heating system designed toprovide heat to the carrier pipe evenly along theinsulated pipe line.

The skin effect current tracing system generatesheat in the ferromagnetic heat tube via I2R loss ofthe return current flow, as well as hysteresis andeddy current losses. Additional heat is also pro-duced by the I2R copper loss in the insulated skineffect current tracing cable.

The skin effect current tracing heat tube is weldedto the carrier pipe. The low thermal resistance ofthe weld provides excellent heat transfer to thecarrier pipe.

Temperature sensing is at the carrier pipe in athermal well attached to the carrier pipe. Pipetemperature is continuously monitored by atemperature controller located in the controlenclosure. Constant temperature is maintained bycycling the tracing system on and off as required.When the pipe temperature drops below themaintenance temperature setting on the tempera-ture controller, the tracing system is turned on andremains on until the pipe temperature reaches themaintenance temperature setting. This closedloop temperature control system provides only therequired heat energy to maintain the pipe at the settemperature.

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

The system components are shown on Figure 1.The skin effect current tracing tube is attached tothe carrier pipe. See the enclosed installationmanual and the appropriate system drawings fordetails in making connection at the field joints.

Pull and splice boxes are provided along the line atmajor direction changes as well as at intervalsnecessary for easy skin effect current tracingcable installation and splicing. See the enclosedinstallation manual and system drawings forpulling and splicing details.

Feed and terminal boxes are provided to makeelectrical terminations and power feed connec-tions to the skin effect current tracing system.Details are available in the installation manual andsystem drawings.

The control enclosure houses all the electricalpower, control and indicating devices. Dependingon the size of the power transformer, it may beexternally mounted from the control enclosure.The system schematic and enclosed drawingsdetail the components used for your skin effectcurrent tracing system.

1


Figure 1System Components

2



CONTROL OPERATION

The electrical controls for your skin effect currenttracing system are designed to provide the de-sired control of the heating system as well asprovide functional indications. The controls arehoused in a heavy duty industrial enclosure de-signed for the classification of the area in whichthey are to be located. The system drawings givethe NEMA classification of the control enclosure.

The skin effect current tracing system is providedwith automatic and manual control modes. Themanual mode is intended for use only during start-up, maintenance checks and troubleshooting ofthe electrical system. When using the manualcontrol mode, care must be taken to continuouslymonitor the system operation.

In manual mode, the temperature controller isbypassed and the system will continue to heat aslong as the manual mode is maintained. Thetemperature indicator and alarms are active in themanual mode.

The automatic mode provides closed loop tem-perature control and indication. The pipe tempera-ture sensor provides a continuous signal to theindicating temperature controller. The temperaturecontroller compares this signal to the referencesignal (set point temperature). When the pipetemperature is above set point, the system will be“off”. When the pipe temperature is below the setpoint, the system will be “on”.

The temperature controller has low temperatureand high temperature alarm contacts. Set pointof these alarms is given under “Specification andPerformance Data” in this manual. Additionalinformation on the operation of the temperaturecontroller can be found in the enclosed tempera-ture controller manual.

Over-current or differential current protection maybe provided on your skin effect current tracingsystem. See the enclosed system drawings forthe type of protection provided.

Over-current protection senses a current abovecold starting current. If the skin effect currenttracing system current rises to the set value, thesystem will shut down and resetting of the systemis required to restart.

Differential current protection senses the differ-ence in current of two sections. If the current inone section rises over or falls below the othersection, annunciation and system shut down willoccur. After the cause of shut down is found andrepaired, manually reset to “start” the systemheating.

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

Your skin effect current tracing system is physi-cally similar to a single conductor in a rigid steelconduit. While current flows inside the heat tube,the surface of the tube is current free. With nosurface current, there is no voltage and the heattube is essentially at ground potential. The pipingsystem may be grounded anywhere along itslength. The National Electric Code, Article 426-44recommends the system be grounded at bothends.

The piping system normally operates at an el-evated temperature. The thermal insulation shouldbe kept in place to provide protection of personnelfrom contacting hot surfaces.

Only qualified personnel should operate andservice the electrical controls. The control systemis provided with a safety disconnect means. Thisshould be locked out (open) during line and/orsystem maintenance.

3


SENSOR INSTALLATION

Junction Box Preparation

Sensor Kit Materials

(1) 4" x 4" stainless steel junction box(2) 1/2" conduit hubs(1) CGB connector(1) 8.5" make-a-clamp

1. Make (2) 1/2" (nominal) knock-outs on thejunction box.

2. Cut off (2) pieces of stainless steel bandingmaterial; use attached chart for proper length.

3. Attach the bands to the junction box, using thestainless steel 1/4" truss head stove bolts, lockwashers and nuts.

4. Install the Scru-Tite hubs in the knock-outs.

5. Install the CGB fitting into one of the hubs (seeFigure 3). Do not tighten the cord grip at thistime.

6. Attach the breeze connectors to the bands.

Washer-Type Sensor Installation UsingExisting Field Joint

1. Full weld the 3/8" x 3/4" stainless steel bolt ofthe pipe, as shown in Figure 2.

2. Install sensor as shown in exploded view,Figure 2. Be careful to align sensor parallel topipe. Tighten nut sufficiently to compress theBelleville washers. Do not over tighten, asthis may prevent removal of sensor after op-eration. It may be desirable to use a high-temperature anti-seize compound on thethreads.

3. Route sensor lead wire along pipe to edge offield joint, then perpendicular to the pipe, asshown in Figure 3. Be sure that the Tefloninsulated portion of the lead wire does notcome in contact with the pipe. The transitionpoint between the fiberglass and Teflonshould be positioned about half the distancefrom the pipe to the jacket.

4. Insulate the field joint, such that the Teflonjacketed portion of the sensor lead wire exitsthe insulation through the end of the connec-tor band, as shown in Figure 3.

5. Seal around the lead wire with high-tempera-ture RTV sealant.

6. Strap the junction box to the pipe, as shown inFigure 3. Tighten the Breeze connectors, tohold the box firmly in position.

7. Route Teflon jacketed lead wire through CGBconnector and into the junction box.

8. Make connections to field wiring as required.

4


BAND LENGTH TABLE

(Allows for Insertion of Fasteners)

Band should always be cut midway on small round hole for smooth fastener fit. This table is accuratefor the diameters indicated.

To determine lengths of a Make-A-Clamp band material, multiply diameter in inches x 3.1416, minus 4.5"for the adjustable fastener end, or determine circumference by measurement, less 4.5" for adjustablefastener end.

Lengthto cutdia. on

Lengthto cutdia. on

Lengthto cutdia. on

Lengthto cutdia. onMark Mark Mark

2"

8"

7"

5"

4"

3"

6"

2 1/2"

5 1/16"

21 1/2"

17 3/4"

15 3/16"

11 7/16"

8 7/8"

9"

10"

24"

22"

20"

19"

18"

17"

16"

15"

14"

13"

12"

11"

26"

28"

30"

32"

34"

36"

38"

24 1/8"

27 7/8"

30 3/8"

34 3/16"

36 3/4"

40 1/2"

43 1/16"

46 7/8"

49 7/16"

53 1/8"

55 3/4"

59 1/2"

65 7/8"

72 1/8"

77 1/4"

83 5/8"

89 7/8"

96 3/8"

102 5/8"

108 7/8"

115 1/4"

5


FIGURE 2WASHER STYLE ISOLATED ASSEMBLY

FIGURE 3JUNCTION BOX INSTALLATION (BOTTOM VIEW)

6


WIRE SPLICING PROCEDURE FOR RICWILSPEC RW-LV, 90 & 150°C, 600 VOLT WIRE

Splice kit materials:

• 1 roll Permacell P-2650 self-curing siliconrubber tape.

• 5 pcs. Long barrel butt connectors (seenote for connector sizing).

Tools required:

• Wire stripping tool (preferably rotary type).

• Ratchet type crimping tool, set for the AWGsize of the wire (not the connector size - seenote 1).

Procedure:

1. Strip the insulation back for a distance of 1/2the length of the butt connector, plus 1/16inch, being very careful not to nick or damagethe conductor in the process.

Remove all remaining conductor tape wrap.

2. Slide the butt connector onto the conductoruntil the end of the conductor reaches thecenter of the butt connector. Crimp theconnector into place, using at least 2 crimpsper end. Be sure to set the crimper for theAWG of the wire, which may be smaller thanthe AWG size of the connector - see note 1.

3. Apply the P-2650 silicon rubber tape over theconnector, using a 50% overlapped wrap, untilthe tape extends at least 1 inch onto the wireinsulation at each end. Build the tape until it isapproximately 1/8 inch thick at the center ofthe splice (approximately 4 to 6 - 50% lappedwraps). Do not overly stretch the tape; stretchit only enough to provide a good lay.

4. Lay the completed splice back down into thepull box. Leave only enough slack in the

cable to provide a slight “S” curve. Thereshould be no more than 15 inches of cableremaining in the box when finished.

Note 1: For 90°C cables, the connector size is thesame as the wire AWG; for 150°C cables, due tothe flexible stranding of the conductor, the connec-tor size is the next size larger than the wire AWG.

WIRE SPLICING PROCEDURE FOR RICWILSPEC RW-LV, 150°C, 2KV WIRE


• 2 rolls Permacell P-2650 self-curing siliconrubber tape.

• 5 pcs. Long barrel butt connectors.

Tools required:


• Ratchet type crimping tool, set for the AWGsize of the wire.

Procedure:

1. Strip the insulation back for a distance of 1/2the length of the butt connector, plus 1/16inch, being very careful not to nick or damagethe conductor in the process. Remove anyremaining conductor tape wrap.

2. Slide the butt connector onto the conductoruntil the end of the conductor reaches thecenter of the butt connector. Crimp the con-nector into place, using at least 2 crimps perend.

3. Apply the P-2650 silicon rubber tape overthe connector, using a 50% overlapped wrap,until the tape extends at least 1 inch onto thewire insulation at each end. Build the tapeuntil it is approximately 2/10 inch thick at thecenter of the splice (approximately 6 to 8 -50% lapped wraps). Do not overly stretch thetape; stretch it only enough to provide a goodlay.

4. Lay the completed splice back down into thepull box. Leave only enough slack in the cableto provide a slight “S” curve. There should beno more than 15 inches of cable remaining inthe box when finished.

7


WIRE SPLICING PROCEDURE FOR RICWILSPEC RW-LV, 250°C, 600 VOLT & 3KV WIRE


• (1 roll) 1/2 inch wide, 5 mil thick, adhesivebacked TFE Teflon tape.

• (1 roll) Permacell P-2650 self-curing siliconrubber tape.

• (5 pcs.) Nickel plated long barrel butt connec-tors.

Tools required:


• Ratchet type crimping tool, set for the AWGsize of the wire.

Procedure:

1. Strip the insulation back for a distance of 1/2the length of the butt connector, plus 1/16inch, being very careful not to nick or damagethe conductor in the process. Remove anyremaining conductor tape wrap.

2. Slide the butt connector onto the conductoruntil the end of the conductor reaches thecenter of the butt connector. Crimp the con-nector into place, using at least 2 crimps perend. Be sure to set the crimper for the AWGof the wire.

3. Apply the Teflon tape over the connector,using a 50% overlapped wrap, until the tapeextends at least 1 inch onto the wire insulationat each end. Build the tape until it is approxi-mately 1/10 inch thick at the center of thesplice (approximately 10 - 50% lapped wraps).

4. Finally, apply 4 layers of the Permacell P2650silicone rubber tape over the entire splice,50% overlapped and extending 1 inch past theends of the Teflon tape layer. Do not overlystretch the rubber tape; stretch it only enoughto provide a good lay.

5. Lay the completed splice back down into thepull box. Leave only enough slack in thecable torovide a slight “S” curve. There shouldbe no more than 15 inches of cable remainingin the box when finished.

RECOMMENDED CRIMPING TOOLS

Burndy:

Y1000 Hypress

• Hand operated hydraulic crimper. Nodies to install or adjust. This is the bestcrimper available for the purpose of SkinEffect cable splicing.

Y35

• Hydraulic crimper. Requires proper die(selected to match the conductor AWG).

Thomas & Betts:

TBM8-750

• Hydraulically operated tool similar to theBurndy Y1000. The 750 requires a separate hydraulic pump, while the 750M-1 isself contained. No dies to select or adjust.

TBM12M

• Manually operated hydraulic crimper. Alsoavailable with an electric pump. Requiresproper die for conductor AWG size.

TBM5S, TBM6S, TBM8S

• Manually operated crimper. Note that the“S” suffix signifies the “SHURE STAKE”feature, which is the ratcheting feature.There are versions without the “SHURESTAKE” option; we do not recommendthem.

TBM50S

• Manually operated crimper with nesteddies built into the crimping head. Theproper die for the conductor AWG must beselected prior to crimping. It has the“SURE STAKE” feature.

8


FEED POINT CONNECTION INSTRUCTIONS

Connection Kits are supplied to connect thecustomer’s feed wire to the heat tube and cable.Follow the procedure below for connecting thefeed cable to the heat cable.

Step 1:

Strip the insulation from the power conductor asnecessary, being careful not to nick, score orbreak any strands. Use the single hole crimp lugand double crimp using one of the recommendedcrimping tools (see attached list)

Step 2:

Bolt the two lugs together as shown. Use siliconlubricant (by others) on mating surfaces, to pre-vent oxidation build up.

Step 3:

Use the supplied silicon rubber insulating tape toinsulate the connection. Be careful not to tear thetape when applying it around the bolt assembly.Apply a minimum of 6 layers, 50% overlapped.

RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE

GENERAL

A preventative maintenance program is essentialin providing continuity of service with minimumdowntime. A good maintenance program shouldbe designed to inspect and test the most criticalcomponents, as well as, the components mostsuspected to fail early. A sound inspectionprogram, combined with good maintenancerecords, should greatly improve the reliability of anelectrical system.

POWER EQUIPMENT

The power equipment is defined as those compo-nents that carry, switch, transform, etc., the mainenergy that will keep the pipe line at its desiredmaintenance temperature. Since each powerdevice is series connected to another powerdevice, it is most critical each item be maintainedand a spare be available for replacement. Typi-cally, these are:

• Terminals

• Main circuit breaker

• Power transformer

• Power contactor

• Skin effect current tracing heating cable

• All power cable connecting the above compo-nents

Each of the above components should be in-spected and tested as detailed as follows:

9


Terminals

Terminals are a mechanical connection that willheat up and cool every operational cycle. This canbe several times/day. Temperature cycling willcause the electrical connection to loosen andresult in a greater resistance to current flow. Thisresistance will cause increased heating andeventual burning of the cable insulation and/orterminal metal and early failure.

See that all terminals are tight. Inspect the termi-nals for signs of oxidation, burning, etc. Check thepower cable insulation near the terminals for hightemperature deterioration, melting, burning, etc.Look at the surface coating of the component andmetal near the terminal for paint discoloration,blistering, and the like that would indicate “hot”terminals.

Check that all Belleville washers and other hard-ware are in place. Torque all 1/2" termination nutsand bolts to 30 foot-pounds with a torque wrench.

Circuit breakers

Operate the breaker a few times to insure thebreaker will trip and is capable of reclosing.

Check alignment of the door to insure interlocking.Check all terminals and connecting cable asdescribed above. Check the mounting hardwarefor tightness to minimize movement during currentinrush and mechanical operation.

Power transformer

The power transformer is a dry type transformerthat depends on air flow through the coils forcooling. The dustier the location, the more fre-quent the unit should be checked for dust accu-mulation. See that the ventilation areas are freefrom dust, dirt, leaves, and the like. Check the coilair ducts and clean as required with a vacuumcleaner or compressed oil free, dry air. Brush anyaccumulation of dirt from surfaces around theterminal locations. Do not use any liquid cleanseror water; dry clean only!

Megger the coils - primary to secondary, primaryto ground and secondary to ground. Maintain amaintenance log of the megger values obtainedand watch for changes in insulation resistancethat would indicate a potential early failure. Inspectall cable and terminals, including the ground asdetailed above.

Check the outer layer of the coils for any discol-oration indicating coil overheating.

Check all mounting hardware to keep the core andcoil firmly mounted in place.

Power contactor

The power contactor makes and breaks thecurrent during every thermal cycle. Operation ofthe contacts will cause pitting and wear. Thecontacts need to be checked and replaced asrequired. All terminals and cables should beinspected as described above.

Skin Effect Current Tracing Heating Cable

The skin effect current tracing heat cable isenclosed in the skin effect current tracing tube andnot easily visually inspected. Therefore, it isdesirable to electrically check the cable bymeggering and to maintain a log of the insulationvalues as suggested under “POWER TRANS-FORMER” above. The cable connections at thefeed and terminal connection boxes should alsobe checked for tightness and any indications ofhigh heat as in “TERMINALS”.

Power feed cable

All interconnecting power cable should bemeggered phase to phase and each phase toground. A log of the meggered values should bemaintained in order to detect and early change ininsulation integrity.

10


CONTROL EQUIPMENT

Some control equipment components are criticalto continuous operation while others are auxiliaryfunctions that are not essential. It is on thispremise that the components have been catego-rized below:

Critical to Operation

• Fuses

• Control transformer

• Selector Switch

• Control relays

• Pushbutton

• Temperature controller

• Temperature sensor

• Current transformer (optional)

• Over current or Differential current relay (optional)

Non-Critical to Operation

• Light Switch

• Panel Lights

• Pilot Lights

• Ammeters

• Voltmeters

Failure of a non-critical component does notinterrupt service. A stock of spares is at yourdiscretion. Non-Critical components aid in troubleshooting and should be maintained, however, theirloss for a short period of time is not critical untilreplacement can be made.

For critical components, a spare of each is rec-ommended. Since the time to replace a defectivecontrol component is minimal it is not economicalto do extensive electrical preventative mainte-nance checks on these components.

Recommended electrical maintenance checksshould be performed as described below:

Fuses

Check terminals and cable as described above.

Control transformer

Check terminals, cable, and visually inspect forsigns of overheating.

Selector Switch and Push Button

Operate and check each of its functions. Checkterminals for tightness and overheating; and checkswitch contacts for proper operation and any signsof wear.

Control Relays

Check contacts for pitting, dirt, and signs of wear.Operate and check for chatter and firmness ofoperation. Check terminals and cable as detailedpreviously.

Current Transformers

These are sealed units and can only be checkedexternally. Check terminals and cable as detailedpreviously.

Over Current / Differential Current relay operatethe unit by varying the adjustment level to obtain arelay “trip”. Reset the adjustment to its previoussetting. Check terminals and cable as describedabove.

Temperature Sensor

It is important that the temperature sensor isproperly seated. Check the wire for frayed insula-tion and wear. Check the weatherhead for dryness.Check the fitting to insure pressure is maintainedon the sensor. Check terminal connections forcorrosion and clean as necessary.

11


Temperature Controller

This device should have a complete calibrationand operative check. Follow the attached Calibra-tion Procedure and readjust as required.

Meters

Although meters are not critical to the systemoperation, they serve an important function inmonitoring the system’s performance. The metersshould be checked for accuracy by use of anexternal meter whose accuracy has been previ-ously confirmed.

With a clamp on ammeter, check the currentthrough each current transformer and verify thecurrent readings on the panel meters. Check thesecondary voltmeter reading by measuring theskin effect current tracing voltage at the outputterminals. If the panel meters are not readingwithin plus or minus 5% then they should be sotagged and replaced.

Pilot Lights

All system functions with pilot light indicationshould be cycled and light indicator noted. All burntout bulbs should be replaced.

Enclosures (Control, Transformer, Feed &Terminal)

Check all enclosures for dust, dirt, and vacuum asrequired. Check all enclosures for rust and anysigns of moisture and repair as necessary. Checkthe door gasketing for ageing and replace asrequired. Check to see that the enclosure groundis properly installed and rust free.

MAINTENANCE INSPECTION FREQUENCY

The frequency of inspection for any component orsystem should vary depending on several factors:

1) Importance of the system operation.

2) Level of stocking spare parts.

3) Past reliability and or problem areas.

4) Level of importance of the component part.

As a start, we would recommend inspectionfrequency as per the attached chart. These maybe modified as a maintenance history is devel-oped. A maintenance log is most important inorder to evaluate weak components and thefrequency of preventative maintenance necessaryto insure continued operation.

12


Component Test Frequency Remarks

Terminals Visual & Operational Weekly for 1st Monththen Monthly

A history is desirable, thenfrequency can be modifiedbased on the findings

Circuit Breaker Visual & Operational Yearly

Enclosures Visual Yearly A history is desirable, thenfrequency can be modifiedbased on the findings

Control Equipment (non-critical)

Visual & Operational Yearly A history is desirable, thenfrequency can be modifiedbased on the findings

Control Equipment (critical) Visual & Operational Every Three Months A history is desirable, thenfrequency can be modifiedbased on the findings

Power Cable Megger Every Three Months A history is desirable, thenfrequency can be modifiedbased on the findings

Stereo Heating Cable Megger Every Three Months A history is desirable, thenfrequency can be modifiedbased on the findings

Power Transformer Visual; Meggered Yearly If atmosphere is dusty,clean on a more frequentbasis

Maintenance/Inspection Chart

A history is desirable, thenfrequency can be modifiedbased on the findings

13


TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE

The chart below will serve as a guide in trouble shooting the electrical system. (Refer to RecommendedMaintenance Section for Descriptive checks). Should this guide prove inconclusive, contact the PERMA-PIPE Service Department for the service of a PERMA-PIPE technician.

1) Megger the tracing cable to verify insulationintegrity.

2) Megger the power feed cables

3) Verify the power transformer secondaryvoltage.

4) All power connections in the transformer, control panel, and at the pipeline.

CHECK

1) Primary disconnect, breaker of fuses

2) Control circuit fuses

3) Temperature controller settings (if pipe tem-perature is equal to or above the set point, thesystem will be cycled off)

4) Fault lights for a shut down condition (such asover temperature or electrical fault)

5) Verify circuit continuity between the controlenclosure and the pipeline.

1) The temperature sensor connections.

2) The temperature controller for propersetup and calibration.

3) Temperature sensor for proper contactwith pipeline.

4) Thermal insulation for wetness.

1) All connections.

2) All power and tracing cables forpossible intermittent faults.

3) Temperature sensor for moisture in the ther-mal well.

System off due to over current or differentialcurrent

System will not Temperature

Cycle (on or off continuously)

Random behavior of alarms & control operation

SYMPTOM

No power output to the system

14


SYMPTOM

System temperature stays above or below setpoint

CHECK

1) Flow temperature of fluid in pipe.

2) Temperature sensor installation.

3) Temperature controller operation,calibration and setup.

1) Connections for tightness.

2) For RFI interference on the controller.

3) Enclosure grounding.

4) For static electricity on the temperature con-troller.

1) Temperature of fluid in the line.

2) System insulation integrity (loss of insulationand or wet insulation).

1) For RFI or EMI present on the

2) Continuity of the temperature sensor leadshield.

3) Grounding of the temperature controller andtemperature sensor. (NOTE: Shield should begrounded only at the controller).

1) Transformer tap settings

2) Power cable connections for a loose, highresistance condition

Current Below Normal

1) Transformer tap settings

2) Cable for fault by meggering

Current Above Normal

1) Setting of high alarm and temperature setpoints

2) Setting of thermocouple or RTD

Abnormally High Temperature

1) Points of “No Power Output”

2) Current for below normal design value

3) Temperature controller operation (see Tem-perature Controller Manual)

Abnormally Low Temperature

Temperature Controller Oscillate

System on Continuously

System Intermittent

15


START UP

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM START UP

A factory trained PERMA-PIPE representativemust be present to inspect the system for designintegrity and assist in the initial start up of theelectrical system in order for the equipment tomaintain its design warranty. If this service wasnot specified in the original contract, it may bepurchased separately. Contact the factory fordetails.

At start up time, operating and maintenanceinstructions are reviewed with the customer’sdesignated personnel.

Damage Claims:

1. Open all boxes and inspect all material uponarrival.

2. Compare material received against packinglist.

3. Claims for shortage or goods damaged intransit must be made within seven (7) days.

The filing of any claim for shortage or damage isthe Purchaser’s responsibility. We will file anynecessary claim on the Purchaser’s behalf uponreceipt of the following:

1. Written authority to file such a claim.

2. Written acknowledgement of loss or damageby the carrier’s freight agent or truck driver.

Any technical suggestions or advice with respectto storage, handling, installing, or use of Seller’smaterials by or on behalf of Seller is an accommo-dation to the Purchaser for which the Seller shallhave no responsibility unless responsibility there-fore, has been expressly assumed in writingsigned by the President, or a Vice-President of theSeller.

16


PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

RICWIL SKIN EFFECT CURRENT TRACINGsystem is a factory fabricated pipe heating systemconsisting of a carrier pipe, insulation heat tube,outer protective jacket, power cable, power centerand temperature controls. Necessary field splic-ing materials are also furnished.

A factory trained, experienced field installationinstructor must be present at critical periodsduring installation. This instructor is NOT asupervisor. For insurance of proper operationafter installation, PERMA-PIPE requires that ourexperienced installation instructors be used.

Note: When applicable, contract drawings takeprecedent over this manual's instructions.

IMPORTANT AND CRITICAL TO PROPEROPERATION

Overall line length and Iocations of feed boxes,terminal boxes and temperature sensor assem-blies are critical for proper operation of the heatingsystem. Any changes shouId be referred toPERMA-PIPE for analysis prior to installation

UNLOADING & HANDLING & STORING

Pipe sections are shipped carefully braced ontrucks or gondola cars. Units should be unloadedby use of a crane using care to protect the unitsfrom jacket or insulation damage.

To unload, PERMA-PIPE recommends the use of12" wide nylon slings. Special web slings andspreader bars are available from PERMA-PIPE ifordered with the original purchase order. Fullcredit will be allowed for these items when re-turned with transportation charges prepaid perinvoice instructions. Do not drop. Lower care-fully to the ground and avoid any contact that coulddamage the ends of the units. All preinsulatedpipe is shipped with covered ends. Do not re-move the protective cover until the pipe is ready toinstall. Repair all damaged covers prior to storing.The interior of piping must be kept dry at all times.

All electrical parts - i.e. sensors, power panels,cable, and material for field joints - must be storedin a dry protected location indoors.

Pipe can be stacked using the procedure shown

in the dealing. Do not exceed a stack height of 6feet. Be careful not to damage pipe ends. Keepall units off the ground and at a level above wherepossible flooding can occur. It is important tokeep not only the lnsulation dry but also keepall water out of the heat tube.

TRENCHING

The trench bottom should be smooth and free ofsharp objects. The trench width should be suffi-cient for easy working on the pipeline. If the trenchbottom is unstable, over-excavate the depth by 5jacket diameters. The over-excavated trenchshould then be stablized to normal dimensions bythe use of stable materials such as sand andgravel. In hard rock or shale, over-excavate thetrench and stablize as described above. The linesshall be intalled at elevations shown on the con-tract drawings. 24" over the jacket top. For backfillinstructions see page 6.

FIELD JOINT PROCEDURES

HEAT TUBE

The field joint connection of the heat tube is madeafter the carrier pipe joint has been made andtested. Be sure the heat tube, and cable guideends are burr free so that cable damage doesnot result during cable pulling. THE FIELDJOINT AREA AND THE HEAT TUBE MUST BEKEPT DRY AT ALL TIMES DURING INSTALLA-TION.

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STEP 1

Place the sleeve coupling over the end of the heat tube.This must be done prior to welding the carrier pipe.

STEP 2

Place cable guide between the ends of the heat tube.

STEP 3

Slide the sleeve coupling over cable guide and center. Fullweld around both ends of the sleeve coupling. Thesewelds must be air tight and tested at 5-10 psi to prevententrance of foam during insulation of the field joint.

STEP 4

The heat tube must make welded contact to the carrierpipe. Force the heat tube down if the gap between the heattube and carrier pipe is greater than 1/4". If the gap isgreater than 1/8", but less than 1/4", use mild plate (mini-mum 1/8" thick) between the heat tube and carrier pipe.Then weld this plate to the carrier pipe and heat tube as aheat bridge. Be sure the total unwelded distance at thefield joint does not exceed 2".

Use a stone or tapered reamer to remove any rough edgeson the inside of the heat tube. Tube should be approximately5/16" away from carrier pipe at the end of the heat tube.

STEP 5

Install cable guide and sleeve connector and finish the jointconnection as per steps 3 and 4 of the heat tube fieldjoint procedure.

STEP 2

Locate cable guide (8" long). Make sure all ends of the heattube and cable guide are chamfered and free from burrs.Put cable guide in place between heat tubes.

STEP 3

Slide sleeve couplings over cable guide, centered over theheat tube and cable guide joints. Weld ends of sleevecouplings. The welds must be air tight.

STEP 4

See STEP 4 above.

FIELD ALTERATION OF HEAT TUBE

It is imperative that field alterations to the heat tubefollow the following step-by-step procedures toinsure proper connections. ANY FIELD ALTER-ATIONS MUST NOT AFFECT THE DESIGNLENGTH OF THE LINE.

STEP 1

Cut jacket and insulation and remove the end cut. Jacketand insulation cut back should not exceed 5".

STEP 2

Shorten the heat tube back 3/4" from end of carrier pipe. Cutthe heat tube weld from the carrier pipe with a hack sawback 2" from the cut end of the heat tube.

STEP 3

Use a round pry bar that closely fits the inside of the heattube and bend the tube up away from the carrier pipe.

STEP 4

HEAT TUBE FOR POLY-THERM

STEP 1

Bend up heat tube to provide clearance for each sleevecoupling and slide sleeve coupling on each heat tube.

This area must havemetal to metal contactof heat tube to pipe bywelding except for 2"maximum accumulateddistance.

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IMPORTANT AND CRITICAL TO PROPEROPERATION

Overall line length and locations of pull boxes,terminal boxes, and temperature sensor assem-blies are critical for proper operation of the heatingsystem. Any changes to the above should bereferred to PERMA-PIPE for analysis prior toinstallation.

PVC JACKET AND INSULATION

ABOVE GROUND

STEP 1

Slide the split connector over one end of the insulated pipeprior to making the carrier pipe and heat tube connections.Weld the carrier pipe and test as required. Make the heattube connection per instructions on page 18.

STEP 2

Center the metal mold over the uninsulated joint area withthe pour hole on top. Draw the mold tight with the screwtype bands as provided.

STEP 3

Mix the urethane foam per the directions provided with thefoam. Note that the foam components must be stored in acool place (50° to 70°F) until ready for use. For bestfoaming results, the ambient temperature should bebetween 60°F and 75°F. Note the personnel precautions forhandling the urethane foam on the instruction sheet.

Pour the mixed foam through the pour hole in the metalmold. After the foam has set (approximately 5 minutes),trim all excessive foam and remove the metal mold.

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STEP 4

Center the split connector over the field joint area with thesplit located on the bottom. Using white tape supplied, tapethe slit on the bottom. Circumferentially tape the high end ofthe connector only. (Field joints with pull boxes requirelonger connectors.)

PVC JACKET AND INSULATION

UNDERGROUND

STEP 1

Slide the split PVC connector over one end of the insulatedpipe prior to making the carrier pipe and heat tube connec-tions. Weld the carrier pipe and test as required. Make theheat tube connection per instructions on page 18.

STEP 2

Center the split connector over the uninsulated area with thepouring slit on top. Hold in place with screw type bandssupplied. (Use two or more bands to hold connectorround.)

STEP 3

Mix and pour urethane foam into the pouring slit per STEP 3under heading "PVC JACKET AND INSULATION-ABOVEGROUND."


STEP 4

After the foam has set (approximately 5 minutes) trimexcess foam from the joint area and remove the bands.Center the heat shrinkable sleeve over the connector withthe shrink sleeve overwrap located on top over the trimmedfoam area. Use a soft orange flame and work from center,moving the flame back and forth around the sleeve. All airpockets must be worked out from under the shrink sleeve.(Field joints with pull boxes require longer connectors andtwo shrink sleeves.)

STEP 2

For attaching mold and pouring urethane foam followSTEPS 2 and 3 under the heading "PVC JACKET ANDINSULATION - ABOVE GROUND"

METAL JACKET AND INSULATION

ABOVE GROUND

STEP 1

Slide the split connector over one end of the insulated pipeprior to making the carrier pipe and heat tube connections.Weld the carrier pipe and test as required. Make the heattube connection per instructions on page 18.

STEP 3

Wrap each end of the metal jacket with butyl rubber weatherproofing tape as supplied.

POLYETHYLENE JACKET AND INSULATIONABOVE GROUND AND UNDERGROUNDSTEP I

Slide the split polyethylene connector over one end of theinsulated pipe prior to making the carrier and heat tubeconnections. Weld the carrier pipe and test as required.Make the heat tube connections per instructions on page18.

STEP 2

Center the split connector over the insulated area with thepouring slit on top. Hold in place with screw type bandssupplied. (Use two or more bands to hold connector round.)

STEP 4

Center the split metal connector over the field joint area andhold in position with screw type bands as supplied. Locatethe overlap at the 5 o'clock position. Under the overlapapply a strip of butyl rubber tape. Field joints with pull boxesrequire longer connectors and 3 bands.)

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STEP 3

Mix and pour the urethane foam into the pouring slit perSTEP 3 under heading "PVC JACKETS AND INSULATION -ABOVE-GROUND."

STEP 4

After the foam has set (approx. 5 minutes), trim the excessfoam from the joint area and remove the bands. Center theheat shrinkable sleeve over the connector with the shrinksleeve overwrap located on top over the trimmed foam area.

Use a soft orange flame and work from center, moving theflame back and forth and around the sleeve. All air pocketsmust be worked out from under the shrink sleeve. (Fieldjoints with pull boxes require longer connectors and twoshrink sleeves.)

CARRIER PIPE AND HEAT TUBE TESTING

All carrier pipe joints should be tested prior toconnection of the heat tube. Hydrostatically testthe pipe as specified. (If not specified, hydrostati-cally test all piping at a minimum 1 1/2 times thedesign pressure. Do not exceed the maximumallowable test pressure of any non-isolated com-ponent.) Each field weld should be inspected forleakage while the line is under hydrostatic testpressure. The design of the heat tube permits x-ray inspection of the welds if required. Heat tubejoints shall also be tested prior to foaming of thefield joints. Test heat tube welds by applying 5-10 psi air pressure and inspect for leakage byapplying soap suds to the weld.

CABLE

The power cable must be stored in a clean,warm, dry area prior to installation. It is impor-tant that the cable insulation is not damagedin any way during storage or handling prior topulling the cable.

CABLE PULLING

Prior to pulling the cable thru the heat tube, theheat tube must be cleaned of all debris by pulling anylon rag thru the tube. A steel ball must be

passed thru the heat tube. See field serviceinstructor for proper ball sizing. ALL WATERMUST ALSO BE REMOVED PRIOR TO WIREPULLING. Water may be forced out and the heattube dried by using dry nitrogen.The cable is pulledthru the heat tube in the same manner that otherpower is installed in the conduit. Dry wire lubri-cants may be used provided they are not a petro-leum base that will harm the cable insulation.Pulling tension must be limited to the pull of twomen. Mechanical pullers may result in excessivetension on the conductor and possible breakingand/or stretching of the conductor strands. Pullboxes have been installed at distances that willpermit easy cable pull between boxes. Thepercentage fill is less than 50% which also permitseasy pulling.

DURING CABLE PULLING THE CABLE MUSTREMAIN DRY. Do not pull in the rain. Putplastic or other suitable material on the ground toprevent the cable from touching the ground. Pullthe cable from a rotating reel, not over a stationaryreel. Guide the cable into the end of the heat tubeto prevent sharp bending of the cable by using aroller or funnel bolted to the end of the heat tube.

CABLE SPLICING

Extreme care must be taken to insure goodelectrical splices are made. Splices must bemade properly to insure that the stranded copperconductor is not damaged, nicked, or strandssevered during splicing. Care must be taken inthe application of the electrical splice insulation toinsure that both the thermal and electrical insulat-ing integrity of the cable insulation is maintained.

Do not substitute cable splice connectors orinsulation. Use only that which is provided in thesplice kits. Carefully follow the detail instructionsspecific to and included with each splice kit.

Cable butt splice crimp connectors require the useof a crimping tool. Use only approved ratchet typetools as described in the splice kit instructions.Pliers, side cutters and other non-approvedcrimping tools will not provide adequate crimpingof the copper conductors with the barrel connec-tor. Poor electrical crimps will result in overheatedsplices and early system failure.

Keep the number of cable splices to a minimum.

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More pull boxes are supplied than are necessaryfor splices. Note the cable reel lengths vs pull boxdistances before cable installation and splicing tominimize the cable waste.

Make cable splices in pull boxes only. Do not pullthe splice out of the pull box and into the heat tube.

All cable splice locations should be noted on thejacket surface and on all applicable installationdrawings

CABLE TERMINATING

Terminating kits are supplied to connect the powercable to the heat tube. Follow the step by stepprocedure below.

STEP 1

Strip the insulation from the power conductor as in STEP1of cable splicing. Use the full ring crimp terminal and crimpas in STEP 2 for cable splicing

STEP 2

Assemble as shown below onto the terminal pad. Usesilicon lubricant on the electrical conducting surfaces toprevent oxidation build up. Tighten the entire assembly.

CABLE TESTING

Intermediate testing of the pulled cable is required.Test the pulled cable for insulation integrity bymeggering the cable. Megger instruments pro-duce 500 VDC minimum and read the resistanceof the insulation between conductor and ground.The actual megger reading will vary due to envi-ronmental conditions, line length, and insulationtype. A value greater than 10 megohms should beobtainable. The PERMA-PIPE field installation

instructor will advise you on proper megohmreadings for your installation. Note-Do notconnect the terminating ends of the cableuntil after the megger test is performed.

A.C. hi pot testing can be performed to test theinsulation, however, since this is a destructivetest, consult the factory for testing proceduresprior to any A.C. hi pot testing.

CABLE PULL BOXES

Cable pull boxes are supplied and located alongthe line to permit easy cable pulling. These boxes,as well as feed and terminal boxes, must remaincovered at all times to prevent the entrance ofwater and dirt during installation. It is good prac-tice to provide a few inches of excess cable in thepull box.

After cable testing, install the provided gasketmaterial around all box edges. Replace all the boltassemblies, as provided, being careful to tightenthem all down equally and snug. The gasketmaterial will squeeze and conform to the box andresult in a water tight seal. It is important that thisseal be properly made to prevent the entrance offoam into the box during insulating of the field joint.It is required that pull box locations be noted on thejacket surface for future locating if necessary.

CRITICAL INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

HEAT TUBE

All heat tube connections must be made perinstructions on page 18.

- Keep tube dry.

- Ends must be burr free.

- Tube connectors must be fully welded.- Tube must have welded contact to the

carrier pipe.

- Tube must be tested (air, rag, ball) prior tocable pulling.

CABLE

See instructions on page 21.

- Keep dry

- Pull with maximum tension of 2 man pull

- Splice in pull boxes only

- Use an approved crimping tool

- Test prior to pull box closure

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PULL BOXES

See general instructions on page 22.

- Keep covered

- Do not stuff excessive cable in pull boxes

- Seal with gasket material supplied

TEMPERATURE SENSORS

See general instructions below.

- Do not bend well

- Keep well dry

- Insulate before energizing

POWER CENTER (TRANSFORMER & CON-TROLS)

See general instructions below.

- Keep dry and clean

- Do not adjust controls

TEMPERATURE SENSORS

Carrier pipe temperature sensors are supplied tosense the actual pipe temperature. Sensor wellsare provided welded to the carrier pipe. CAREMUST BE EXERCISED NOT TO BREAK, BENDOR DAMAGE THE WELLS. After the pipe line isinstalled, insert the temperature sensor into thewell. Be sure nothing prevents positive seating ofthe sensor at the base of the well. Insert thespring loaded fitting and the weather head connec-tion box on the top of the sensor. The connectionbox also serves as the junction box for the wireback to the control panel. See the electricaldrawings for proper connection wire (not suppliedby PERMA-PIPE from the sensor to the controlpanel).

POWER CENTER INSTALLATION

The power center enclosure is an industrial panelcontaining the necessary electrical power andcontrol equipment. Handle and move with care.Power centers have been factory tested andcalibrated. DO NOT TRY TO ADJUST OR SETANY CONTROLS.

The location of this panel will be determined by thespecifications and/or PERMA-PIPE's proposal.Do not install outdoors if the panel is designed forindoor use only.

Field power wiring is necessary to connect theprimary source power to the control panel. If thepanel does not have primary power protection anddisconnecting means be sure this is provided atthe power source.

Field secondary power wiring must be run fromthe cabinet to feed the box located on the tracedpipeline. Use standard recommended NEC orother governing codes to determine proper pri-mary and secondary cable and conduit sizes.Amperage rating of field wiring is supplied on theelectrical drawings. Primary and secondarypower wiring cable, conduit, etc., are not furnishedby PERMA-PIPE.

POWER CENTER TESTING

Initial startup of a RICWIL heat traced system shallbe done with the assistance of a trained PERMA-PIPE installation instructor to insure proper sys-tem operation.

All control and safety devices are operated andsystem operating values are checked againstdesign calculations. At this time, operating in-structions are reviewed with the customer desig-nated personnel.

BACKFILLING -UNDERGROUND INSTALLATIONS

Partial backfill over the center portion of the pipelength immediately after installing the pipe. Tampthe backfill in 6" layers under and around the pipeto assure proper compaction and prevent flotationof the pipe. Leave joint areas exposed to allow forcompletion of the field joints. Backfilling of thetrench shall be done on both sides of the jacketsimultaneously in such a manner that unequalside pressures do not occur.

After field joints are completed, selected backfillshould be hand placed and hand tamped to 12"minimum over the top of the jacket to a 95%compaction. The remainder of the backfill shouldbe free of large boulders, rocks over 6" in diam-eter, frozen earth or foreign matter. The backfilloperation can now be completed by any conve-nient available means. Do not use wheeled ortracked vehicles for tamping.

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WARRANTY

Seller warrants to the original Buyer only that theproducts sold hereunder will substantially complywith the above referenced technical specificationsfor the products and that no product will have anydefect in Seller's design, workmanship or material.Seller shall not be responsible for any faulty designor specifications furnished by Buyer. Seller shallnot be responsible for and does not warrant theinstallation of the products. Seller agrees toprovide field services as provided herein andwarrants only that the information provided toSeller during such field service visits will be con-sistent with Seller's recommendations for installa-tion. Seller specifically rejects all other warrantiesin the contract documents for the Project whichmay apply to Seller's products. The foregoingwarranty shall be in effect with respect to eachproduct sold hereunder only for a period of fifteen(15) months from the date of completion of testingof such product, but in no event more than eigh-teen (18) months from the date of shipment bySeller of such product; provided, however, noclaim shall be permitted under the warrantiescontained herein unless Buyer shall give to Sellerwritten notice of all respects in which Buyer claimsthe product be defective or at variance with speci-fications within ten (10) days from the date Buyerdiscovers or should have discovered a defect orvariance from specifications, but in no event laterthan eighteen (18) months after shipment of suchproduct, and unless Buyer shall afford Seller areasonable opportunity to inspect such productafter notice has been given. The foregoing war-ranties shall not apply to any products, or compo-nents thereof, which have been subject to abnor-mal or improper use, negligence or accident orwhich have been altered or repaired by someoneother than Seller or Seller's authorized representa-tive. No product shall be returned without seller'sprior written consent. Buyer shall accept minorvariations in dimensions or other variance fromspecifications provided that there is no impairmentof function or useful life of the product. Sellerwarrants that its title to the product sold hereunderis good, and that the transfer thereof to Buyer is

rightful. Seller's obligations under the warrantiescontained herein and in any other provision of thisAgreement determined to constitute a warranty bySeller of the products to be sold pursuant hereto,and Buyer's remedies for any defective or non-conforming products shall be limited solely to therepair or replacement, as elected by Seller ofdefective or non-conforming materials. To themaximum extent permitted by law, Buyer irrevoca-bly waives all claims against Seller for moneydamages relating to the condition, use and perfor-mance of the goods sold pursuant hereto, includ-ing claims based upon tort, strict liability, negli-gence and product liability. Notwithstanding theprovisions of the preceding sentence, if moneydamages are assessed against Seller, in no eventshall Seller's liability for such damages exceed thepurchase price of product sold by Seller. IN NOEVENT, WHETHER BECAUSE OF A BREACHOF WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION ORANY OTHER CAUSE, WHETHER BASED UPONCONTRACT, TORT, WARRANTY, OR OTHER-WISE, ARISING OUT OF THE PERFORMANCEOR NON-PERFORMANCE BY SELLER OF ITSOBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT ORWITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS SOLDPURSUANT HERETO SHALL SELLER BE LI-ABLE FOR LOST EARNINGS, INCOME ORPROFITS OR INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CON-SEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. THE IMPLIED WAR-RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND, EXCEPTAS SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH HEREIN, ALLOTHER WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTA-TIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE HEREBYDISCLAIMED AND EXCLUDED. NOTHINGSHALL BE CONSTRUED AS AN ADDITIONALWARRANTY UNLESS SPECIFICALLY DESIG-NATED AS SUCH IN WRITING AND SIGNED BYTHE SELLER, IN WHICH CASE SUCH ADDI-TIONAL WARRANTY SHALL BE SUBJECT TOTHE PROVISIONS HEREIN AS TO DURATIONAND LIMITATION OF REMEDY UNLESS SUCHADDITIONAL WARRANTY EXPRESSLY VARIESSUCH PROVISIONS.

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