Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

1

FT

/2-1

SS

T-1 C

om

missio

nin

g an

d F

irst Plasm

a Resu

lts

Y.C

. Saxena and S

ST

-1 Team

Institute for Plasm

a Research, IN

DIA

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

2

FT

/2-1

Plan of the talk:

• Machine D

escription

• Current Leads :

• Developm

ent and test Results

• Cool dow

n of SC

Magnets

• Cool dow

n Scenario

• Results

• Sum

mary

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

3

FT

/2-1

SS

T-1

: A S

TE

AD

Y S

TA

TE

SU

PE

RC

ON

DU

CT

ING

TO

KA

MA

K

OB

JE

CT

IVE

S:

OB

JE

CT

IVE

S:

• Stu

dy P

hysic

s o

f Pla

sm

a P

rocesses in

tokam

ak

un

der s

tead

y-s

tate

co

nd

ition

s.

• Partic

le C

ontro

l (fuel re

cyclin

g a

nd im

puritie

s)

• Heat re

moval

• Div

erto

r Opera

tion (ra

dia

tion, d

eta

chm

ent ,

pum

pin

g e

tc )

• Curre

nt m

ain

tenance

–LH

CD

, Boots

trap, a

dvanced c

onfig

ura

tions

• Learn

ing

new

Tech

no

log

ies re

levan

t to s

tead

y

sta

te to

kam

ak o

pera

tion

:

• Su

perc

on

du

ctin

g M

ag

nets

• Larg

e s

cale

Cry

og

en

ic s

yste

m (H

e a

nd

LN

2 )

• Hig

h P

ow

er R

F S

yste

ms

• En

erg

etic

Neu

tral P

artic

le B

eam

s

• Hig

h h

eat flu

x h

an

dlin

g

Para

mete

rs

•M

ajo

r radiu

s

: 1.1

m

•M

inor ra

diu

s

: 0.2

m

•E

longatio

n: 1

.7-2

•T

riangula

rity

: 0.4

-0.7

•T

oro

idal fie

ld : 3

T

•P

lasm

a C

urre

nt : 2

20 k

A

•A

vera

ge d

ensity

: 110

19 m

-3

•A

vera

ge te

mp. : 1

.5 k

eV

•C

onfig

ura

tion

: Double

/Sin

gle

null p

olo

idal d

iverte

r

Curre

nt d

rive &

heatin

g

• LH

CD

(3.7

GH

z) : 1

.0 M

W

• EC

RH

(84 G

Hz) : 0

.2 M

W

• ICR

H (2

2-9

1 M

Hz) : 1

.0 M

W

• NB

I ( 50 k

eV

) : 0.8

MW

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

4

FT

/2-1S

ST

-1 C

ross-s

ectio

n

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

5

FT

/2-1

A v

iew

of S

ST

-1

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

6

FT

/2-1

Asse

mb

ly w

as c

om

ple

ted

in firs

t qu

arte

r of 2

005

A

DC

b

us

&

sw

itchin

g

syste

m,

ha

s

be

en

in

sta

lled

a

nd

te

ste

d

for

pow

erin

g th

e O

hm

ic a

nd

ve

rtical fie

ld c

oils

of S

ST

-1 fro

m p

ow

er s

upp

lies

of A

DIT

YA

toka

ma

k. R

em

ote

op

era

tion

of th

e P

ow

er s

up

plie

s fro

m S

ST

-

1 c

ontro

l syste

m h

as b

een

esta

blis

hed

.

On

e p

air o

f curre

nt le

ad

s fo

r op

era

ting

curre

nt o

f 10

kA

at 4

.2K

ha

s b

ee

n

desig

ne

d

an

d

fab

ricate

d

ind

ige

no

usly

a

nd

te

ste

d

succe

ssfu

lly

for

requ

ired

ram

p ra

te a

nd

ste

ad

y c

urre

nts

.

Th

e le

ad

s h

ave

be

en

inte

gra

ted w

ith th

e C

FS

of T

F m

ag

ne

ts.

Th

e c

ryo

ge

nic

syste

ms, a

t 4.2

K a

nd 8

0K

, ha

ve

bee

n c

om

mis

sio

ne

d a

nd

teste

d.

Firs

t ph

ase

dia

gno

stic

s h

ave b

een

insta

lled

an

d th

e d

ata

acq

uis

ition

an

d

con

trol s

yste

m h

ave

be

en te

ste

d a

nd

co

mm

issio

ned

.

A p

air o

f radia

lly m

ovab

le p

olo

idal lim

iters

on

outb

oard

sid

e a

nd a

pa

ir of

fixe

d lim

iters

on in

bo

ard

sid

e, h

ave b

een

insta

lled

in th

e v

acu

um

vesse

l

pre

pa

rato

ry to

pro

ductio

n o

f circ

ula

r Ohm

ic p

lasm

a.

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

7

FT

/2-1S

UP

ER

CO

ND

CT

ING

MA

GN

ET

S

PA

RA

ME

TE

RS

OF

TF

CO

ILS

:

• To

tal N

o. o

f Co

ils :

16

• Tu

rns p

er C

oil :

108

• Cu

rren

t per tu

rn (3

T F

ield

): 10 k

A

• Max. F

ield

at C

on

du

cto

r: 5.1

T

• Maxim

um

Fie

ld R

ipp

le : 0

.35%

• To

tal In

du

cta

nce : 1

.12H

• To

tal S

tore

d E

nerg

y: 5

6M

J

• Du

mp

Tim

e C

on

sta

nt: 1

2 s

• Peak D

um

p V

olta

ge: 1

.1 k

V

PF

Coils

:

• Support s

ingle

& d

ouble

null e

quilib

ria

• Tria

ngula

rity ( 0

.4-0

.7),

• Elo

ngatio

ns ( 1

.7-1

.9), li (0

.75 -1

.4),

• p ( 0

.01-0

.85) &

slo

t div

erto

r

config

ura

tion

• Lim

iter o

pera

tion d

urin

g P

lasm

a c

urre

nt ra

mp

up

C

oil

type

#

co

ils

Coil

Radiu

s

(m)

V

ertic

al

Locatio

n

(m)

W

ind

ing

C

ross-

se

ctio

n

(mm

2)

#

turn

s

PF

1

1

0.4

5

0.0

71x320

80

P

F2

2

0.4

5

±0.4

3

71x163

40

PF

3

2

0.5

0

±0.9

3

136x380

192

PF

4

2

1.7

2

±1.0

3

85x136

40

PF

5

2

2.0

1

±0.6

5

85x136

40

PF

6

2

1.3

5

±0.3

5

100x100

16

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

8

FT

/2-1

The T

F e

nerg

y d

um

p s

yste

m :

DC

circ

uit b

reakers

(thyris

tor a

rrays w

ith c

apacito

r

com

muta

tion c

ircuits

)

A

set o

f resis

tors

acro

ss th

e D

CC

Bs.

Pyro

-bre

aker a

re in

clu

ded in

serie

s w

ith th

e D

CC

Bs a

s

second le

vel o

f pro

tectio

n.

A 1

0 k

A D

C p

ow

er s

upply

, usin

g th

yris

tor b

ased, p

hase-c

ontro

lled

rectifie

rs, fo

r TF

Coils

, has b

een in

sta

lled &

teste

d

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

9

FT

/2-1

• Ele

ctro

mag

netic

Sen

so

rs

•Rogow

skii C

oils

-- Pla

sm

a c

urre

nt &

Halo

Curre

nt

• Mirn

ov C

oils

-- Magnetic

Flu

ctu

atio

ns &

Eddy C

urre

nts

• Magnetic

Pro

bes -- P

lasm

a p

ositio

n

and s

hape m

easure

ments

• Saddle

Loops -- L

ocked m

ode

dete

ctio

n

• Fib

er O

ptic

Curre

nt s

ensors

--

Pla

sm

a c

urre

nt

• Hall P

robes -- P

lasm

a c

urre

nt a

nd

positio

n

• Flu

x L

oops -- L

oop V

olta

ge

• Dia

magnetic

Coils

-- tota

l sto

red

energ

y

SS

T-1

DIA

GN

OS

TIC

S

• Lan

gm

uire

Pro

bes

Div

erto

r Pla

sm

a

• Far In

frare

d In

terfe

rom

ete

rs --

Density

measure

ment a

nd C

ontro

l

•Vertic

al , L

ate

ral a

nd T

angentia

l

• Electro

n C

yclo

tron

Em

missio

n

• Rad

iom

eter91-1

30 G

Hz

• Fast S

cannin

g F

ourirer T

ransfo

rm

Mich

elson

Interfero

meter 7

5-1

000 G

Hz

• Th

ermogra

ph

y

• X-R

ays

• Soft X

-Ray

imag

ing; H

ard X

-Ray

Monito

rs; Vacu

um

Photo

dio

de A

rray

• Motio

nal S

tark

Effect

• Sp

ectrosco

py

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

10

FT

/2-1

Magn

etic pro

bes &

Mirn

ov

coils

Dia

magn

etic loop

s

Rogow

ski co

ils O

ne o

f the to

roid

al v

olta

ge lo

op

s

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

11

FT

/2-1D

ata Acq

uisitio

n S

ystem fo

r SS

T-1

PX

I Based

Loss less C

on

tinu

ou

s Data

Acq

uisitio

n: P

latform W

indows 2000;

Developm

ent Tool Lab W

indows/C

VI D

ata; Socket based C

lient/Server A

rchitecture; Direct

Data S

treaming to H

ard Disk; 1.2G

B/s F

iber Optic Link.

Stan

dalo

ne C

AM

AC

system w

ith on board, multiple segm

ents, mem

ory for fast acquisition.

.

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

12

FT

/2-1

SS

T-1

Contro

l System

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

13

FT

/2-1

SP

EC

IFIC

AT

ION

S:

• Opera

tional C

urre

nt : 1

0 k

A

• LH

e B

oil o

ff :

• 1.5

l/hr/k

A/P

air a

t I=0

• < 3

.5 l/h

r/kA

/Pair a

t I = 1

0 k

A

• Tcold =

4.2

K ; T

warm

= 3

00 K

• Volta

ge w

ithsta

nd c

apacity

: 2 k

V

• Burn

out tim

e : 3

-4 m

in

• Pre

ssure

dro

p a

long th

e C

L:

• < 2

mbar a

t I = 0

• < 4

mbar a

t I = 1

0 k

A

• Volta

ge d

rop a

t 10 k

A : 8

0-1

00 m

V

VA

PO

R C

OO

LE

D C

UR

RE

NT

LE

AD

S

764 m

m

465 m

m

•C

urre

nt c

arry

ing m

ate

rial is

copper w

ith R

RR

=30

•H

eat e

xchanger, is

a b

undle

of c

opper ro

ds in

serte

d in

concentric

SS

tubes,

jackete

d in

a ja

cket o

f

SS

304L m

ate

rial

•H

eliu

m flo

ws in

the a

nnula

r

space b

etw

een ro

d a

nd tu

be

•S

uperc

onductin

g tra

nsitio

n,

imm

ers

ed in

LH

e, is

used to

transfe

r curre

nt fro

m ro

ds to

the b

otto

m te

rmin

al, w

hic

h in

turn

is c

onnecte

d to

SC

Bus

by d

em

ounta

ble

join

t.

•S

pecia

l Featu

res:

•LH

e can

with

each le

ad

•S

He

can

enclo

sin

g

connectio

n to

bus d

uct

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

14

FT

/2-1

Cu

rren

t Lead

Assem

bly

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

15

FT

/2-1T

ES

T S

ET

UP

FO

R C

UR

RE

NT

LE

AD

S

•T

em

pera

ture

, pre

ssure

, volta

ge d

rop, p

ressure

dro

p, liq

uid

level a

nd flo

w ra

te

sensors

were

deplo

yed.

•Liq

uid

level in

header w

as c

ontro

lled v

ery

pre

cis

ely

by in

let v

alv

e w

ith a

ctiv

e

dependency o

f header le

vel a

nd p

assiv

e d

ependency o

f level o

f lead.

•H

eader p

ressure

was c

ontro

lled w

ith th

e o

utle

t contro

l valv

e

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

16

FT

/2-1

TE

ST

SE

T U

P F

OR

TH

E C

UR

RE

NT

LE

AD

S

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

17

FT

/2-1

Co

ol d

ow

n c

urv

es fo

r CL

Pair

297 K

4.2

K

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

18

FT

/2-1

CL

Test R

esu

lts

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

19

FT

/2-1E

xp

erim

en

tal r

esu

lts of 1

0 k

A c

urren

t lead

s

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

01

23

45

67

Tim

e (h

ou

rs)

I(kA) / m-He(g/s) /T1(K)

0 10

20

30

40

50

60

dV(mV)

cu

rren

t(I)

heliu

m (m

-He) flo

wte

mp.(T

1) o

f LH

e c

an

vo

ltag

e (d

V) d

rop

A h

igh

er L

He c

on

sum

ptio

n ra

te o

f 5 l/h

r/kA

/pa

ir co

mpa

red

to th

e d

esig

n v

alu

e o

f 3.5

l/hr/k

A/p

air w

as o

bserv

ed.

C

ondu

ctio

n coo

led jo

ints

a

nd th

e super

co

ndu

ctin

g lin

k re

ceiv

ed

a

dditio

nal

he

at

load

estim

ate

d to

be a

tota

l of 3

w p

er le

ad.

If we e

xclu

de

this

, whic

h w

ill be re

moved b

y S

He in

rea

l applic

atio

n, th

e a

ctu

al c

on

sum

ptio

n o

f

lea

ds c

om

es to

be 3

.9 l/h

r/kA

/pa

ir, slig

htly

hig

her th

an th

e d

esig

n v

alu

e o

f 3.5

l/hr/k

A/p

air.

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

20

FT

/2-1In

tegratio

n o

f CL

wth

TF

Curren

t Feed

er

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

21

FT

/2-1C

om

mis

sio

nin

g A

ctiv

ity :

• Pum

p d

ow

n o

f Cry

osta

t and V

acuum

Vessel

• Leak d

ete

ctio

n a

nd re

pairs

in C

ryosta

t and V

acuum

Vessel

• Cool T

herm

al d

ow

n o

f Shie

lds

• Pum

p o

ut a

nd p

urific

atio

n o

f Heliu

m c

ircuit

• Sim

ulta

neous c

ool d

ow

n o

f the th

erm

al s

hie

lds a

nd S

C m

agnets

An

ultim

ate

va

cu

um

of

8_10

-7 m

ba

r h

as be

en ach

ieve

d in

vacuu

m

vesse

l with

ou

t ba

kin

g.

Glo

w D

ischarg

e C

leanin

g o

f vacuum

vessel, in

itiate

d a

t about 8

50 V

DC

and a

bout 1

_ 1

0-2 m

bar p

ressure

of 8

0 %

hydro

gen a

nd 2

0 %

heliu

m

gas m

ixtu

re, is

susta

ined a

t about 3

50 V

DC

betw

een a

node a

nd w

all, a

t

pre

ssure

of a

bout 8

_ 1

0-4 m

bar.

Base v

acuum

of 6

_ 1

0-6 m

bar h

as b

een a

chie

ved in

the c

ryosta

t.

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

22

FT

/2-1

Co

ol d

ow

n s

cen

ario

of S

ST

-1

• 35 T

ons o

f cold

mass ( T

F, P

F

& s

upport s

tructu

re, is

coole

d

alo

ng w

ith H

eliu

m R

efrig

era

tor.

• The d

istrib

utio

n o

f fluid

from

the re

frigera

tor is

div

ided in

to

thre

e s

upply

headers

, nam

ely

,

TF

, PF

and s

upport s

tructu

re.

• The T

F h

eader s

upplie

s to

all

six

teen T

F c

oils

thro

ugh th

e

supply

sub-h

eader w

ith e

qual

dis

tributio

n.

Co

il

Typ

e

No

. of

Co

ils

Flo

w

path

s/c

oil

Path

len

gth

(m)

Flo

w p

er

Path

(g/s

)

To

tal F

low

(g/s

)

TF

16

12

48

1.2

5240

19 F

low

path

s in

PF

require

a to

tal flo

w o

f about 4

0 g

/s a

t 4.5

K

Flo

w d

istrib

utio

n s

ch

em

e o

f SS

T-1

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

23

FT

/2-1

• Contro

lled c

ool d

ow

n o

f SC

MS

from

300 K

to

4.5

K

is

achie

ved

usin

g

the

heliu

m

refrig

era

tor/liq

uefie

r in th

e n

orm

al c

ool d

ow

n

mo

de.

• T

he

refrig

era

tor

opera

tes

in

a

feedback

loop w

ith T

ma

x from

the

SC

MS

and T

min fro

m

the

refrig

era

tor

for

the

SC

MS

in

let,

ma

inta

inin

g a

diffe

rence

of le

ss th

an 4

0K

.

• SC

MS

cool d

ow

n u

p to

90 K

is a

chie

ved

usin

g th

e L

N2 h

eat e

xchanger o

f the h

eliu

m

refrig

era

tor,

with

15

kW

capacitie

s.

Au

tom

atic

se

tting o

f the

valv

es w

ith in

tegra

l

time

consta

nt

contro

ls

the

gra

dual

cool

dow

n o

f SC

MS

.

• Furth

er c

ool d

ow

n is

from

90 K

is a

chie

ved

by a

uth

oriz

ing th

e tu

rbin

es.

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

24

FT

/2-1

CO

OL

DO

WN

SE

QU

EN

CE

FO

R S

CM

S

1. P

reparatio

n o

f SC

MS

•E

vacu

ation an

d p

urg

ing

•Im

purity

levels o

f < 1

ppm

achiev

ed

by flo

win

g g

as from

mag

nets th

roug

h

onlin

e purifie

r in clo

sed lo

op.

2.

Sim

ultan

eous

cool

dow

n

of

SC

MS

an

d

therm

al

Sh

ield

s to 8

0k

3. C

ool d

ow

n to

4.5

k in

two p

hase m

od

e

4.

Estab

lishin

g

the

30

0

g/s

SH

e F

low

w

ith

cold

Circu

lator

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

25

FT

/2-1

• Th

e th

erm

al s

hie

lds a

re c

oo

led w

ith s

ub

-coo

led liq

uid

nitro

ge

n.

• T

he flo

w to

th

erm

al

sh

ield

is

div

ided

to

th

ree parts

,

na

mely

, cry

osta

t, va

cu

um

ve

ssel a

nd

inner c

ylin

de

r.

• Th

e c

oo

l dow

n o

f the th

erm

al s

hie

ld is

sta

rted p

rior to

the

SC

MS

co

ol d

ow

n.

• The flo

w o

f he

lium

ga

s a

t am

bie

nt te

mp is

esta

blis

hed

first in

the S

CM

S.

• On

ce

the a

vera

ge te

mpe

ratu

re o

f 250 K

is a

ch

ieve

d in

the

th

erm

al

shie

ld,

the

S

CM

S

co

ol

do

wn

is

initia

ted

thro

ugh th

e lo

gic

and

the

n th

e c

ool d

ow

n o

f bo

th th

erm

al

shie

ld a

nd S

CM

S fo

llow

s.

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

26

FT

/2-1R

esu

lts o

f Firs

t Co

ol d

ow

n

Firs

t co

ol d

ow

n w

as a

ttem

pte

d in

Ju

ly 2

00

5. T

he

rma

l Sh

ield

s

we

re c

oo

led

to 8

0K

an

d m

ag

ne

ts to

70

K.

Co

ld le

aks a

t the

se

tem

pe

ratu

res p

reve

nte

d fu

rthe

r co

ol d

ow

n.

Leaks w

ere

identifie

d a

nd re

paire

d.

Cool d

ow

n o

f SC

MS

to 4

.5K

was a

chie

ved in

Septe

mber 2

006.

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

27

FT

/2-1

Co

ol d

ow

n p

lot o

f the

the

rma

l sh

ield

; T1

8: T

he

rma

l inte

rce

pt,

T2

4: V

ac

uu

m v

es

se

l, T 1

9: C

ryo

sta

t

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

28

FT

/2-1

Co

ol d

ow

n p

lot o

f the T

F c

urre

nt fe

ed

er s

yste

m

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

29

FT

/2-1

Co

ol d

ow

n c

urv

es o

f SC

MS

of S

ST

-1

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

30

FT

/2-1

Summary

SS

T-1 assem

bly was com

pleted in first quarter of 2005.

First cool dow

n of Magnets attem

pted in July 2005. Therm

al Shields

were cooled to 80K

and magnets to 70K

. Cold leaks at these

temperatures prevented further cool dow

n.

Leaks were detected and repaired.

Cool dow

n of magnets to 4.5 K

, with 2 phase fluid, has been achieved

in Septem

ber 2006. SH

e flow in m

agnets is to be established.

Tuning of T

F pow

er supply controls & the quench detection circuit is in

progress.

Oct. 2

0, 2

00

62

1st IA

EA

Fu

sion

En

ergy

Co

nferen

ce, Ch

eng

du

31

FT

/2-1