Institute of Hazrat Mohammad (SAW) 1 SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR CLIMATE – INDUCED MIGRATION Bangladesh Scenario Barrister Rizwana Yusuf Director Administration

Institute of Hazrat Mohammad (SAW)

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SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR CLIMATE – INDUCED MIGRATIONBangladesh Scenario

Barrister Rizwana YusufDirector Administration & Member Legal Department


Presented atThe Civil Society Policy Dialogue

World Bank Spring MeetingApril 16, 2011


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“Rather than resolving conflict the modality and approaches have created newer, wider and varied crises inflicting humanity with sufferings. All of us need a moment to stop and reflect on the great religions that Almighty gave Mankind to guide them- towards understanding the unified design and concept of Divine will by relating to the harmony in nature and universe and how man is an integral part of the entire system”

“Today terror and tragedy have struck us and made us more aware of our vulnerability and our own mortality. We are living through a time of testing consequence. Our intellect is unequal to the task, faith must

take over.”

AHMAD SHAFI MAQSOODFounder & Executive Director


FORM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S DESK


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The Reality of Migration : “CLIMIGRATION”

• Migration is one of the most challenging consequences that residents, as well as local and national governments, face due to climate change.

• Flooding, deforestation, erosion and a rising sea-level are the primary causes of displacing populations.

• Climigration is forcing communities to permanently relocate with no possibilities of return.

• People dislocated are forced to migrate to new locations (urban slums) where their health suffers drastically due to poor sanitation, insufficient food supply and lack of livelihood opportunities.

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Migration in Bangladesh due to Climate Change

• An estimated one million people are displaced annually in Bangladesh.

• 1990 - 2000, the urban population in Bangladesh experienced an annual average growth rate of 5.6%. (IOM)

• Urban growth in Bangladesh has now evolved into dislocation and displacement.

• The urban slum population is growing at an estimated rate of 4.2% per year, due to low or loss of income BECAUSE of climate change and environment degradation impact of river erosion, floods and cyclone. (IOM)

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The influx of rural to urban migration in search of subsistence continues unabated and contributes to 60% of the urban growth.

WorldBank

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Impact on Poverty

• The movement of population from rural to urban environment has generated increased poverty and related consequences.

• The poverty still hovers over 40% .

• The strategies for reducing poverty would become futile exercises of isolated efforts.

• It would also affect women’s empowerment, child labor and preventing communicable diseases

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Key Findings of Institute Study

• Women face sever marginalization.

• They are forced to earn in any manner.

• Harassments

• Trafficking, prostitution, drugs and other crimes.

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Key Findings of Institute … cont

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• Crowded, claustrophobic and severely unhygienic living conditions.


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Children have virtually no access to education and mostly spend their days wandering, begging and sometimes also getting involved in petty crimes.


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Harassments

50%

20%

20%

10%poverty

natural calamitySidr, flood

AdditionalIncome

others(incl. Ramadan)

Reasons for Migration

18%

18%

18%

46%

Police

Prostitution

Other forms of harassment

None



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Existence of Legal Guardian

Access to Health Services

34%

40%

13%

13%Govt. Hospitalor clinic

Local Clinic

OtherfreetreatmentsNo MedicalSupport

73%

27% No guardian

With Guardian



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Analysis of Key Findings

• Poverty and discrimination due to population dislocation.

• Lack of national policy, strategy and implementation.

• National Housing Policy (1993).

• Mainstreaming resettlement policy within the human development agenda.

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Analysis of Key Findings … continued

• The study found exploitation of children and lack of child rights realization.

• Population mobility and displacement aftermath of natural disaster is a perpetuating issue.

• Situation needs to be addressed through country coordination mechanism.

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Legal and Institutional Framework

Policies on Migration:

• In 1976, the Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training (BMET) created.

• Emigration Ordinance in 1982 passed.

• Unfortunately the existing framework does not comprehensively deal with the internal dislocated population due to climate change.

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Poverty Reduction Policies:

• Revised National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction FY2009-2011 (NSAPR-II) , the five-year development plan (2011-2016) and Vision 2021.

• Caring for the environment and tackling climate change is included in NSAPR-II‘s

• Urbanization and the urban environment are also included in the strategy.

• However, it fails to identify rural-urban migrants as a specific vulnerable group.

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Environment and Climate Change strategies:

• National Environmental Management Action Plan (1996).

• National Capacity Self-Assessment (NCSA) for Global Environmental Management (2007)

• National Water Policy (1999)

• Guidelines for Participatory Water Management.

• Draft National Plan for Disaster Management (2008) acknowledges particular vulnerabilities related to migration.

• However, longer-term migration patterns in disaster-prone regions need to be studied in detail.

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Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP 2009)

• The BCCSAP highlights the need to diminished the displacement of large numbers of people.

• Highlights monitoring and capacity building programs for livelihood management.

• But Migration issues are yet to be integrated with environmental, disaster management and climate change policies.

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Recommendations from the Institute

• To solve the housing and shelter issues: • It is important that these people are brought under a National Housing Policy and

a Scheme.• Under such scheme shelter homes/ apartments may be constructed on which

slums and squatters exists or shifted to other areas.

• An estimated cost of replacing ah family to such a shelter apartment of about 200-300 sq. feet with basic utility and sanitation facilities may cost around US $5000.

• These shelter apartments may also be constructed near industrial zones through corporate initiatives as a process of Public Private Partnership (PPP).

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• Ensure participatory and engaging primary stakeholder in the planning and implementation of the humanitarian programs for displaced population.

• Utilizing mass media campaign for raising awareness on adaptation measures.

• Management of Information System for monitoring of progress, data collection and information dissemination.

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• Training on livelihood skills.

• National Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper II to address the issues of chronic mobility of dislocated population.

• National Strategy to be adopted for a horizontal and multi-sectoral approaches for a sustainable program on the issue of climigration / climate induced dislocation.

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We should remember that our Creator has created nature in a balance and mankind's responsibility is to maintain this fragile equilibrium through wise governance and sound personal conduct.

Thus, it is our civil and moral duty to assist the climate induced migrants in their fight for survival. In the words of Our Creator stated in the Holy Quran:

“It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces towards East or West; but it is righteousness- to believe in God and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to spend of your substance, out of love for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of slaves; to be steadfast in prayer, and practice regular charity; to fulfil the contracts which ye have made; and to be firm and patient, in pain (or suffering) and adversity, and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, the God-fearing.”

Holy Quran ( Surah Al Baqarah: Verse 177)

“The world is beautiful and verdant, and verily Allah, the Exalted, has made you His stewards in it, and He sees how you acquit yourselves.”

Prophet Mohammad SAW

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Thank You


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Soul receives from soul that

knowledge, therefore not by book

nor from tongue.

If knowledge of mysteries come after

emptiness of mind, that is

Illumination of heart.

Jalaladdin Rumi

A Beacon of Inspiration & Blessings

Documents

Institute of Hazrat Mohammad (SAW) 1 SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR CLIMATE – INDUCED MIGRATION Bangladesh Scenario Barrister Rizwana Yusuf Director Administration