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Seminario Acción Especial CLIVAR-España. Water masses and thermohaline variability in the Atlantic Ocean: consequences for C ANT accumulation. Instituto Nacional de Meteorología , Madrid 14-15, Febrero, 2005. Fiz F. Pérez, Aida F. Ríos, Marta Álvarez, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Water masses and thermohaline
variability in the Atlantic Ocean:
consequences for CANT accumulation.
Instituto Nacional de Meteorología , Madrid 14-15, Febrero, 2005
Seminario Acción Especial CLIVAR-España
Fiz F. Pérez, Aida F. Ríos, Marta Álvarez, Fiz F. Pérez, Aida F. Ríos, Marta Álvarez, Instituto de Investigaciones MarinasInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas
CSIC, VigoCSIC, Vigo
Decadal changes of -S relationship of the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENAW) by Pérez, F.F., A.F. Ríos, B.A. King, R.T. Pollard. Deep-Sea Research, 1995.
Carbon dioxide along WOCE line A14: Water masses characterization and anthropogenic entry by Ríos, A. F.et al. Journal Geophysical Research, Vol. 108 2003.
Physical and biogeochemical transport structure in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre by Álvarez M., F.F. Pérez, H. Bryden, A.F. Ríos. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 2004
The unaccounted role of Mediterranean water in the draw-down of anthropogenic carbon by Álvarez M. Fiz F. Pérez, D. R. Shoosmith and H. L. Bryden. Journal of Geophysical Research in revision
Salinity35.4 35.6 35.8
Po
ten
tial
Tem
pera
ture
10
11
12
13
14
15
(41.7,10)/95
(42.1,10.3)/90
93/MORENA I
90/Disc-189
95/MPH 495
91/Darwin-58
Pérez et al. ,2000.Pérez et al. ,2000.
YEAR1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Salin
ity a
t 27.
1
35.6
35.7
35.8
Nor
ther
ly W
ind
Stre
ss (1
0-3
N.m
-2)
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
A
ccum
ulat
ive
anom
alie
s of
Riv
er D
isch
arge
s (k
m3/y
ear) -40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Acc
umul
ativ
e an
omal
y of
NA
O
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
NAO
ENACW saline change, NAO and RunoffENACW saline change, NAO and Runoff
Pérez et al. ,2000Pérez et al. ,2000..
WO
CE A
-14
WO
CE A
-14
WO
CE
A-1
4W
OC
E A
-14
3EQ51015202530354045
1500
1000
500
0
De
pth
(m
)
ºNºS
C ANT
SAF STF STG SEC SEG ECSSAZ
ºNºS
3EQ51015202530354045
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
De
pth
(m
)
Ríos et al., 2003Ríos et al., 2003
AAIWAAIW
AAIWAAIW
AAIWAAIW
SAIWSAIW
Ríos et al., 2003Ríos et al., 2003
Anthropogenic COAnthropogenic CO22 and CFC-age along the AAIW maximum and CFC-age along the AAIW maximum
MW MW
at 1000 mat 1000 m
-0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25-5500
-5000
-4500
-4000
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
Sv per 20 m
Baroclinic MASS Transport
0.4 Sv
3.0 Sv
-3.4 Sv
Alvarez et al. JGRAlvarez et al. JGR
155 kmol.s-1 of Anthropogenic CO2
The MW is formed from 2.3 Sv of The MW is formed from 2.3 Sv of ENACW and 0.3 Sv of AAIW. ENACW and 0.3 Sv of AAIW. Part of this transformation (0.7 Sv) Part of this transformation (0.7 Sv) occurs inside the Mediterranean Seaoccurs inside the Mediterranean Sea
The MW formation drives a Cant draw-The MW formation drives a Cant draw-down and a salinity increase of MW down and a salinity increase of MW because the ENACW entrained when MW because the ENACW entrained when MW is formed is saturated of Cant and its is formed is saturated of Cant and its salinity is also increasing in 0.1 per salinity is also increasing in 0.1 per decade.decade. This mechanism could be a negative This mechanism could be a negative feedback in future climate scenarios.feedback in future climate scenarios.
2.7 Sv MW0.7 Sv ENACW
0.3 Sv LSW-0.3 Sv AA
Subpolar North Atlantic
Relevance of the Subpolar North Atlantic:- area of deep water formation,
- large capacity to store and transport heat and CO2.
WOCE A25 or 4x section - August-September 1997
- UK WOCE section from Vigo to Cape Farewell,
Water Masses along 4x: Mass (Sv) and CANT Trps (kmol/s)
10.310.3 SvSv2.92.9 SvSv
1.71.7 SvSv
5.6 Sv5.6 Sv-5.4 Sv-5.4 Sv
0.9 Sv0.9 Sv
--8.88.8 SvSv
--6.06.0 SvSv-1.5 Sv-1.5 Sv
484 484 kmol/skmol/s
-36-36 kmol/skmol/s
-274-274 kmol/skmol/s
0 0 kmol/skmol/s
-324-324 kmol/skmol/s159159 kmol/skmol/s
174174 kmol/skmol/s
4848 kmol/skmol/s
-113-113 kmol/skmol/s
ENACWENACW SAIWSAIW
AAIWAAIW
MWMW
LDWLDW
EGCEGC LSWLSW
ISOWISOWDSOWDSOW
Alvarez et al. 2004Alvarez et al. 2004
The role of Subpolar North Atlantic
In the subpolar North Atlantic about 21 Sv of warm waters is transformed in deep and cold waters releasing 0.7 Pw of heat to the atmosphere.
0.33 Gt of anthropogenic CO2 are transported to the north, a 14% is accumulated in the subpolar North Atlantic and 0.28 Gt of anthropogenic CO2 goes south with deep waters.