Instructional Media as Teaching Aids

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PRINTED MATERIALS

GRAPHIC MATERIALS

PICTORIAL MEDIAAUDIO MEDIA

PROJECTED MEDIA

MOTION MEDIA

DISPLAY MEDIACOMMUNITY RESOURCES

DEMONSTRATIONS

DRAMATIZATIONSCONTRIVED EXPERIENCE

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Supplementary materials- provide the best sources of idea and information, particularly on current topics, otherwise not available from textbooks.

Kinds of Printed materials used in Teaching

Textbooks-is a systematic arrangement of subject matter designed to assist the instructor in a particular content to students at a specific grade/year level.

Examples: pamphlets, handouts and journals.

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ADVANTAGES:

1. Printed materials are readily available on a wide variety of topics and in many different formats.2. Its adaptable in any lighted environment.3. Its handy and does not require any equipment or electricity.4. Printed materials, like worksheets, allow learners to practice skills.5. Its inexpensive to produce or purchase and can be reused.

LIMITATIONS:

1. Nonreaders or poor readers may not benefit from the printed materials in as much as these materials are sometimes above the reading level of the learners.2. Some teachers require students to memorize facts and definitions, thus, these materials are reduced to become mere memorization aids.3.Other teachers become “bookish”, making the textbooks as subject itself.

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PRINTED MATERIALS

AS TEACHING

AIDS

1. Teachers should maximize The learners’ active involvement in class discussion.

2. Teachers should complement the use of printed materials with other

instructional media.

3. Provide worksheets and handouts for topics which are not part of the textbooks.

4. Teachers should refer to new and updated book.

5. Students should be taught to evaluate and discriminate what they read.

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Graphic Materials

*Graphics means graphein which means “to write”, “to draw” or “to represent by lines”.* Graphics are instructionbal materials which present summarized information and ideas through drawings, words, pictures, and symbols.*These are generally abstract.

Drawings and

IllustrationsCharts

Diagrams

Graphs

Posters

CartoonsMaps and

Globes

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DRAWINGS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

FUNCTIONS:1. giving faces to characters in the story;2. Displaying a number of examples of an item described in a

textbook;3. Visualizing stepwise sets of instructions in a technical

manual4. Communicating subtle thematic tone in a narrative; and5. Develop students’ aesthetic values

Limitations

1.Drawingscould be

subject tomisinterpreta-

tions.

2.Technicalexpertise in

drawing couldbe needed toproduce gooddrawings andillustrations

Advantages: 1. They could be prepared ahead of time by having it drawn

on the board and covered until the class starts.2. They can be easily prepared once materials are available.

They are also easy to utilize because they do not require special equipment.

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CHARTS*these are instructional materials which

represent relationships such as chronologies, quantities, and hierarchies.

Flow/Process Charts

Classification charts

TabularCharts

Organizational charts

Stream/Tree

Charts

Timelinecharts

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Flow chart or process charts.Show a sequence, procedure, or a flow of a

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Classification charts.Show the classification or categorization of

objects or events.

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Advantages:1. It can present summaries of information2. It can be easily made by students.3. It does not require special equipment.Limitations:4. Charts cannot show motion5. Big charts can be cumbersome to handle.6. Charts can be outdated.

Chart as teaching aid:

Utilization Guidelines:1. Plan well to make sure charts fits the lesson.2. Parts of the chart should be clear, neat, and

detailed enough for vivid viewing.3. Use pointers to identify a portion.4. In presenting the chart, attach it on the wall,

rather than holding it.

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DIAGRAMS

Advantages:

1. Like charts, diagrams show relationships of a large amount of data in a condensed form.,

2. Diagrams are easy to use because they do not require special equipment.

Limitations: *Ideas rely heavily on symbolic means, hence, could be difficult to understand.

Although considered as charts, these

consist of lines and symbols

that show the relationships or key features of a

process, an object or an

area. Diagrams could be very

abstract such as construction blueprints or showing the

relationships of verbs, subject or

other parts of speech in an

English grammar class.

Utilization Guides:1. Diagrams work best in summarizing ideas;

hence,preliminary background information should be well discussed prior to the use of the diagram.

2. Teach symbolism to further comprehend the relationships in a diagram.

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VisualSymbols

Recording, Radio, Still pictures

Motion Pictures

Educational Television

Exhibits

Study Trips

Demonstrations

Dramatized Experiences

Contrived Experiences

Direct Purposeful Experiences

The Cone of

Experience

Degree of

Abstraction

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Direct, Purposeful Experiences

• Directly involving the class in certain activities such as planting, harvesting, praying, and the like is both experiential and participatory.

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Contrived Experiences. Simulating certain activities or physical

aspects of the local culture so that the experiences become more real is a valuable way to learn and express one’s learning.

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Dramatized Experiences

• Dramatization by some members of the class who may have done some research about the cultural group is a result of participatory learning.

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Demonstrations• demonstration by

an authority or a resource person about certain activities or rituals of the group is a form of actual learning.

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Study TripsConducting a field trip to a local

community is a tool towards experiential learning.

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Exhibits• Exhibits of artifacts, tool, costumes,

and other material aspects of the culture is a good type of educational media.

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Educational Television

• Televised lecture or show about the group is an excellent tool to raise awareness and shared understanding.

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Motion PicturesIt is about movies or films on

a certain group.

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Recording, Radio, Still Pictures

• Involves recordings of folk songs or conversations in the native dialect and/or still pictures showing costumes or any significant activities of the group.

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Visual Symbols

• Contains graphs, cartoons, comic strips, and other visual symbols

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Verbal Symbols• Includes textbooks and other printed

materials and plain lecture.

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