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Solvent Cement Welding
Plastic Piping Systems
Instructor –
Stephen Gardiner
Cell: 336-261-8189
E-mail: [email protected]
© IPS Corporation 2010
• The Solvent Welding Process
• Basic principles of solvent welding
• Proper techniques for solvent welding plastic joints
• Importance of correct sized applicators
• Set and cure times
• Solvent welding tips – hot and cold weather
• Causes of failed joints
• Repair
• Safety precautions
• Training Completion Card (mailed after class)
Agenda
The original innovator of solvent cements, primers
and cleaners for PVC, CPVC and ABS plastic piping
systems with over 60 years of experience.
All formulations are Low VOC for better air and
workplace environment. Meets SCAQMD and LEED.
Products meet strict code and regulatory
requirements.
Products meet strict performance standards.
Listings:
Since
1954
This seminar is designed to train all users in the proper techniques of solvent cement welding plastic pipe and fittings.
Your participation in this seminar should minimize field failures when proper techniques are followed.
The main cause of field failures is due to a lack of knowledge about installation techniques.
About This Seminar
Which Solvent Cement to Use?
Viscosities:
• Regular
• Medium
• Heavy
• Extra Heavy
Solvent Cements
PVC and CPVC Applications - Industrial
Water treatment plant
Why Must Primer Be Used?
• Softens the surfaces faster than solvent cement alone
• Available in clear or purple
• In certain code jurisdictions, purple-colored primer may be required
• For Schedule 80 pressure applications
• On hard surfaces, like CPVC pipe and fittings
Product Selection Guide
Product Manufacture Date / Shelf-life
The date on the bottom of the solvent cement can is the date
of manufacture.
PVC and ABS
Solvent Cements3 years
CPVC Solvent
Cements2 years
Primers and
Cleaners3 years
Product Shelf-life
The Solvent Cement
Welding Process:
ASTM D2855
Basic Principles of Solvent Welding
1. The joining surfaces must be softened and made semi-fluid.
2. Sufficient solvent cement must be applied to fill the gap between the
pipe and fitting.
Basic Principles of Solvent Welding
3. Assembly of the pipe and fitting must be made while the surfaces are still wet and the solvent cement is still fluid.
Basic Principles of Solvent Welding
4. Joint strength develops as the solvents escape from the joint.
Basic Principles of Solvent Welding
Fused and bonded areas within a
solvent welded joint
Bonded area (darker
bottom portion) where
the solvent cement fills
the tapered gap
between the pipe and
fitting
Fused area (lighter
top portion) where the
interference fit occurs
Applicators should be equal to ½ the pipe diameter for proper
application of primer and solvent cement.
Correct Use of Applicators
Daubers are
recommended for
use on pipe with
diameter of 3
inches or less.
Weld-On Applicator Selection
• Weld-On solvent cements and primers are packaged
with can-lid daubers:
• ¾” dauber in quarter pint and half pint cans
• 1-½” dauber in pint and quart cans
1. Cut the pipe square (90° angle). Use a saw or a plastic pipe
cutter.
Material Preparation
Material Preparation
Deburring Tool
3. Bevel the pipe end.2. Remove all burrs or raised beads from
the end of the pipe with a knife, file or
deburring tool.
Material Preparation
4. Remove dirt, grease and
moisture. Moisture will
retard cure. Dirt or grease
can prevent adhesion.
Use clean, dry rag.
Weld-On® C-65™ Cleaner is
recommended.
5. Dry fit the pipe and fitting to
check for a proper interference
fit. The pipe should enter the
fitting easily and becomes tight
about ⅓ to ⅔ into the fitting
socket.
Primer Application
Solvent Welding Technique
1. Aggressively work the
primer into the fitting socket.
Primer Application
Solvent Welding Technique
3. Apply a second primer
coating inside the fitting
socket.
2. Aggressively work the
primer onto the pipe end
equal to the depth of
fitting socket.
Solvent Cement Application
Solvent Welding Technique
2. Apply a medium layer of
solvent cement inside the
fitting socket.
1. Apply a full layer of solvent
cement onto the pipe end equal
to the depth of fitting socket.
Solvent Cement Application
Solvent Welding Technique
3. Apply a second, full layer of
solvent cement onto the pipe
end.
Assembly and Solvent Welding
Solvent Welding Technique
1. While the solvent cement is still
wet, assemble the pipe and
fitting and twist a ¼ turn as the
pipe is being inserted, if
possible.
2. Hold the pipe and fitting
together for 30 seconds to avoid
push out.
Assembly and Solvent Welding
Solvent Welding Technique
3. A bead of solvent cement must
be around the fitting socket
entrance.
4. Remove excess cement. Handle
assembled joint carefully until it
initially sets.
Hot Weather Tips
1. Store solvent cements and primers in a cool or shaded area below 100°F
prior to use.
2. If possible, store pipe and fittings, or at least the ends to be solvent welded,
in a shady area before solvent welding.
3. Cool surfaces to be joined by wiping with a damp rag. Be sure that the
surface is dry prior to applying the solvent cement.
4. Try solvent welding the joints during the cooler morning hours.
5. Make sure that both surfaces to be joined are still wet with the solvent
cement when putting them together. With larger size pipe, more people on
the crew may be necessary.
6. Using a primer and heavier, high viscosity solvent cement will provide a little
more working time. Vigorously shake or stir the solvent cement before use.
7. There can be a greater expansion-contraction factor affecting the pipe in hot
weather. We suggest you follow the advice of the pipe manufacturer
regarding this condition. Anchored and final connections should be made
during the cooler hours of the day.
Why Do Joints Fail?
• Did NOT follow the basic principles of solvent welding –LACK OF UNDERSTANDING.
• Did NOT use the proper applicator.
• Did NOT use the proper solvent cement for the piping system.
• Disregarded set and cure times.
Based on your
knowledge of solvent
cement welding, what
is wrong with this
photo?
1. Wrong applicator
2. Too much solvent
cement
3. No primer
4. Pipe-end is not
chamfered
5. No nitrile gloves
(PPE)
Failure occurred due to lack of solvent cement
and the pipe was not fully inserted to the fitting
socket stop, the strongest part of the joint.
Puddling of solvent cement can cause
fractures in the pipe wall.
Erosion of the pipe wall by a high velocity water
leak due to poor application of solvent cement.
A space, or a gap, exists at the entrance of the
socket due to lack of solvent cement.
Safety Precautions (ASTM F402)
• NO eating, drinking, or smoking
• NO heat, ignition sources, sparks, or open
flames
• WARNING: Solvent vapors are heavier than air
and will remain in and around a piping system
and present an explosion hazard. A jobsite fire
watch may be considered necessary.
What NOT to do while solvent welding:
What MUST be done while solvent welding:
• Wear personal protective equipment –
goggles, gloves and if needed NIOSH
approved respirator
• Work in well ventilated area
READ the Safety
Data Sheet (SDS)!!!
Safety Precautions
Solvent cement and primer products must
never be used in thermoplastic piping
systems (PVC, CPVC, or ABS) using or
being tested with compressed air or gases.
Bleed all trapped or entrained air from a
thermoplastic piping system at the highest
elevation(s) prior to hydrostatic pressure
testing.
Serious injury and/or property damage may
result if a system fails and explodes.
Safety Precautions
455 W. Victoria St., Compton, Ca 90220 USA
Questions?
Thank You