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Intake and Output Measurements
Intake and Output Measurements
Why measure I & O?Why measure I & O?
Measuring and recording all liquid intake and output during a 24-hour period helps to complete the assessment data base for fluid and electrolyte balance
Measuring and recording all liquid intake and output during a 24-hour period helps to complete the assessment data base for fluid and electrolyte balance
DehydrationDehydration
An excessive loss of water from the body tissues.
Dehydration disturbs the balance of essential electrolytes: K+, Na+, Cl-
Causes: ________
An excessive loss of water from the body tissues.
Dehydration disturbs the balance of essential electrolytes: K+, Na+, Cl-
Causes: ________
OverhydrationOverhydration
Marked by an excess of water in the extracellular fluid.
Is a symptom of liver, renal, or cardiovascular disease
2 types: Hypervolemia Edema
Marked by an excess of water in the extracellular fluid.
Is a symptom of liver, renal, or cardiovascular disease
2 types: Hypervolemia Edema
Assessment for Alterations of Fluid and Electrolyte
Balance
Assessment for Alterations of Fluid and Electrolyte
Balance Nursing History
Physical Exam
Fluid Intake and Output Record
Laboratory studies Electrolytes, CBC, Urine specific gravity,
osmolarity
Nursing History
Physical Exam
Fluid Intake and Output Record
Laboratory studies Electrolytes, CBC, Urine specific gravity,
osmolarity
Nursing DiagnosesNursing Diagnoses
Fluid Volume Deficits Excess fluid volume Impaired skin integrity Ineffective tissue perfusion Impaired gas exchange Decreased cardiac output
Fluid Volume Deficits Excess fluid volume Impaired skin integrity Ineffective tissue perfusion Impaired gas exchange Decreased cardiac output
Nursing InterventionsNursing Interventions
Daily Weights Intake and Output Measurements Enteral Replacement of Fluids Restriction of Fluids Parenteral Replacement of Fluids
and Electrolytes
Daily Weights Intake and Output Measurements Enteral Replacement of Fluids Restriction of Fluids Parenteral Replacement of Fluids
and Electrolytes