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Integrated Delivery Empowered by Computational Geometry
Gregor V
ilkner, P
h.D., T
hornton Tomasetti, U
SA
Will L
aufs, D
r. -Ing., IW
E, LEED, T
hornton Tomasetti, U
SA
Geometric
Design Development
The paneling of th
e ro
of s
urfa
ce w
as expected to
yield to
, maintain
and continue all th
ree curved side-lin
es, a
s well a
s in
tegrate with th
e
placement o
f the outer fa
çade m
ullio
ns. T
he goal w
as to
produce an
aesthetically pleasing design th
at w
as also effic
ient in
a way th
at can
be tie
d to
perfo
rmance m
etric
s such as weight, c
ost, c
omplexity,and
enviro
nmental perfo
rmance.
All work related to th
e development of the roof cap geometry
was
carrie
d out in
CATIA / D
P. B
ecause of th
e algorith
mic work approach
all o
perations w
ere scripted using VBA. Im
age (A
) below shows th
e
corre
ct ro
of e
dge and where vertic
al m
ullio
n lin
es fo
rce grid
points of
the roof grid
. Im
age (B) shows a paneling schema that produces
identical p
anels, b
ut it d
oes not y
ield to
the edge geometry
require
d.
Finally, vario
us algorith
ms were studied th
at u
nroll th
e edge verte
xes
into a plane, p
roduce a grid
utiliz
ing m
aster a
nd slave curves in plan,
and m
ap th
e points back into th
e curved surfa
ce (C
+ D).
Moscow International Business Center
Moscow is undergoing an unprecedented
constru
ction boom. Just outside the historic
center o
f the R
ussian capital, “M
oscow-City”
grows on a gigantic site that takes up 1
square kilometer.
The images below illu
stra
te the two model methodology explained
above. T
he C
ATIA and Tekla
models are both used simultaneously
by scrip
ts when c
ontent is
generated. V
ertic
al b
ow tru
sses th
atare
orie
nted norm
al to the surfa
ce of the sloping façade are shown in
their g
eometric
development p
hase in
CATIA (A
), and in th
e physical
model (B
). Similarly, ra
in gutte
rs th
at w
ere in
tegrated w
ith th
eroof
grid
are shown in their geometric
development (C),
where a tube
extru
ded along a 3-D splineis in
tersected w
ith th
e grid
to fin
d th
e
contro
l points fo
r the plate m
ateria
l that m
akes th
e physical gutte
r (D).
Federation Tower Roof Cap
At 3
65m, T
ower A
of F
ederation Tower w
ill be
Europe’s tallest building when completed in
2009. Prim
ary constru
ction of the smaller
Tower B was finished in early 2008. Both
towers fe
ature at th
eir to
ps uniquely shaped,
glazed ro
of stru
ctures.
The
footprin
ts
of
the
twin-to
wers
are
triangular
with
arc-shaped
sides.
Each
tower’s
vertic
al
envelope
tapers
as
it
increases in
height. T
he ro
of c
ap, o
r “Tower
Crown,”
is the intersection of a cylindrical
surfa
ce with the slanted vertic
al part
of the
building envelope. The cap for Tower A is
envisioned to
be m
ade of g
lass and steel, a
s
transparent a
nd elegant a
s possible.
Initia
l Design
The orig
inal design was developed entire
ly in 2-D. T
he im
ages below
show th
e basic geometric
assumptions fo
r the fo
rm of th
e tw
o to
wers
(A + B). T
he paneling grid
lines fo
r the Tower B
roof cap ru
n parallel to
the main directions of curvature (C).
To allow development of an
alternate schema fo
r Tower A
mullio
n points were compiled fro
m 2-D
plans in
to a single 3-D m
odel (D
+ E). T
his approach allows smooth
continuation of vertic
al m
ullio
n lin
es into th
e ro
of surfa
ce.
55.52°
5.93°
185055
56.00°
365.070
120.927
449.459
+420.000
+509.000
221.609
341.675
R54466
67.643
324.757
R24997
204.680
R24997
4910 17046
R24997
R24997
4910 17046
243.566
R106286
R106286
R16539
R2225
103.994
142.880
7816
56225 height of centre of outline tower B
19700
61461
31118
67643 hwight of centre of outline tower B
67.643
19140
62083
10184
36525
22.552
6121
242.399
5030
10184
R58154
8.11°
11780
R104947
R104947
R1049
47
R104947
R104947
R104947
facade outlin
e (id
eal), le
vel 91
R104947
23537
64218
64218
R104947
23537
R30922
R30922
4750
4750
R104952
R104952
1306
1322
20953
20953
R104947
R104947
R10363870189
111822
7420
7378
7420
7378
7173
7296
7296
7173
58534
12
17
18
P ?
A A P ?
17
18
12
17°
facade outlin
e (id
eal), le
vel 11 - 1
9
facade outlin
e (id
eal), le
vel 46
facade outlin
e (id
eal), le
vel 64
19396
3426
69675
65699
facade outlin
e (id
eal), le
vel 83
9153
68554
70189
19396 3407
69669
65699
915368554
ABC
DE
AB
CDEF
The fin
al g
eometry
was slightly adjusted on th
e back edge, to
allow
for 4
0 m
ullio
n lin
es on th
e back fa
ce vs. 3
4 on th
e tw
o sides (E
). With
the grid
in place, assemblies such as rails and tru
sses could be
generated norm
al to
the ro
of surfa
ce and at precise grid
points (F
).
3-D Geometry
(CATIA / D
P)
Virtu
al M
odel
(Tekla)
CNC-Based
Fabrication
Pre-Assembly
Erection
Analysis
(SAP, M
epla)
Detailin
g(Sketches, A
CAD)
2-D Drawings
(ACAD)
Arch. V
ision
Constru
ction
Sequencing
Analysis models were created fro
m either the CATIA or the Tekla
model using tra
nslation routines developed in-house. The images
below show a M
epla
model fo
r stru
ctural a
nalysis of g
lass panes (A
)
and a SAP m
odel fo
r analysis and design of th
e stru
ctural steel (B
).
One of the options to install planar glass panels on our cylindrical
lattic
e is to use wedge-shaped aluminum members glued onto the
glass surfa
ce. A
s m
entioned above, w
e developed options in
2-D (A
+ B) a
nd te
sted th
em locally in th
e 3-D m
odel (C
+ D).
Integrated Delivery
Once detailin
g,
fabrication,
and erection enter
the equation,
complexity reaches a new level. Although we used CATIA to deal
with the challenge of minimizing offsets of planar glass panels,
stru
ctural and façade details were firs
t developed in 2-D and then
tested in
the 3-D Tekla
model –
manually in
selected lo
cations firs
t,
and automatically across th
e w
hole m
odel la
ter. T
he im
ages below
show th
ree approaches of a
ligning glass panels: b
ent (A
), lowered at
top and botto
m verte
xes (B), and lowered only at botto
m verte
xes
(C). Initia
l concept details were modeled in CATIA (D + E), which
proved to be much less effic
ient then using detailin
g techniques
available in Tekla( e
.g. cuts, blends, p
lacing of tru
e 3-D objects.)
AB
CD
AB
AC
B
DE
AB
CD
Integrated Design
Although all g
lass panels and all m
embers of th
e support s
tructure
are geometric
ally unique, their
form
s follow similar development
rules. D
esigning any “ty
pical”detail in
3-D allowed th
e generation of
parametric
components that were then replicated throughout the
whole m
odel. W
e developed a process th
at a
llowed us to
work with
two m
odels simultaneously. W
e used a CATIA m
odel a
s a geometry
hub and carrie
d out th
e physical m
odeling using VBA scrip
t in the
detailin
g softw
are Tekla. T
his approach allowed us to
utiliz
e CATIA’s
superio
r geometry
engine to
automatically generate content in
Tekla.
About th
e Authors
Dr.
Vilkner,
director
of
automation at
Thornton Tomasetti,
is
responsible fo
r firm-wide re
search and stra
tegic development re
lated
to integrated stru
ctural d
esign and building in
form
ation m
odeling. H
is
versatile
expertis
e in
cludes work-flo
w in
tegration th
rough automation
and custom in
teroperability
, advanced collaboration te
chniques, a
nd
complex data stru
ctures. He has in-depth technical knowledge,
including data mining, problem modeling and knowledge exchange
through the APIs of Revit,
Tekla, Digital Project,
AutoCAD ADT,
Rhino, MS Project,
Prim
avera, etc. Dr.
Vilkner holds a Dipl.-In
g.
diploma fro
m University of R
ostock, G
erm
any, a
nd M
. Phil. a
nd Ph.D.
degrees fro
m Columbia University, N
ew York.
Dr.
Wilfrie
dLaufs
is vice president at Thornton Tomasetti
with
responsibility
for specialty stru
ctures within the firm
's building skin
practice. He focuses on the use of new materia
ls, stru
ctural glass
elements, and challenging stru
ctures with complex geometrie
s and
architectural building elements. H
is expertis
e includes th
e application
Abstract
Achieving innovative architectural vision increasingly re
lies on, a
nd is
empowered by, c
omputational g
eometry
delivered th
rough advanced
design softw
are such as Rhino, C
ATIA or G
enerative Components.
On this poster we describ
e a project that applied computational
geometry
techniques extensively to
enable integrated project d
elivery
and allow th
e design te
am to
achieve its
objective fo
r effic
iency and
precision. W
e show how a geometric
process is established and can
be leveraged, not only throughout conceptual design and form
finding, but furth
er utiliz
ed for analysis, detailin
g, fabrication and
constru
ction. The Federation Tower example illu
stra
tes benefits
achieved fro
m early virtu
al p
rototype development, d
igital in
tegration
of in
terdisciplinary design problems, C
NC-based fa
brication, m
odular
pre-assembly of components, a
nd effic
ient in
stallation in th
e fie
ld.
and development o
f softw
are programs to
assist in
stru
ctural fo
rm-
finding and detailin
g th
at a
re integral to
the design esthetic and visual
identity
of s
paces. D
r. Laufs
believes an in
tegrated design approach
comes fro
m th
e unity of a
rchitecture and stru
ctural e
ngineerin
g.He
holds Dipl.-In
g. and Dr.-In
g. degrees fro
m the University of RWTH
Aachen, Germ
any and has worked in Stuttg
art,
London, Bangkok,
New York and on projects on fo
ur c
ontinents.
Acknowledgements
We would lik
e to
extend our g
ratitu
de to
Leonid Zborovsky, p
rincipal
at T
hornton Tomasetti in
charge of th
e Federation Tower p
roject.We
are fu
rther a
cknowledging th
e excellent w
ork of o
ur c
olleagues Brad
Malmsten, Boris Weinstein, and Mario
Claussnitzer. Thanks to our
client,
the Mira
xGroup for
their
continuing support
and their
willin
gness to explore this unconventional roof design. Regards to
Sergey Tchobanand his te
am of a
rchitects fo
r great te
am work and
superb collaboration on th
is excitin
g project.