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Integrated Planning for a Sustainable & Integrated Planning for a Sustainable & Compact City: Singapore’s ExperienceCompact City: Singapore’s Experience
World Bank, Washington DC7 October 2010
Presenter: WONG Kai YengUrban Redevelopment Authority, Singapore
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Singapore TodaySingapore Today
View of the Central Business District
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1960s: Severe Housing Problems
• Acute housing shortage: 25% of population lived on 1% of land
• Poor living conditions
Housing conditions in the city Overcrowding within each housing unit
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High Unemployment Rate
1960s: Lack of Jobs & Poor Infrastructure
Poor Infrastructure
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Population and DensityPopulation and DensityPopulation Growth over the YearsPopulation Growth over the YearsPopulation Growth over the YearsPo
pulation
(‘00
0)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Singapore’s Population Size
Increase of 1 million people every 10 years since 1990
Popu
lation
(‘00
0)
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Singapore on the World MapSingapore on the World Map
Singapore
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9
23 km
43 km
Land Area: 710 km2
Population: 5.08 millionDensity: 7000 pple/km2
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0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Singapore’s Density in Relation to Other CitiesSingapore’s Density in Relation to Other CitiesPo
pulation
(‘000)
Density(no. of people per km2)
Population & Density Comparison
Singapore
ParisTokyo
Hong Kong
New York
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Our LimitationsOur Limitations
• • Small City-State
• Limited land area
• No hinterland
• No natural resources
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Urban Redevelopment Authority:Singapore’s National Land Use Planning Authority
Mission: To make Singapore a Great Place to Live, Work & Play in
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The Planning Process
PlanningPlanning
ImplementationImplementation
Concept PlanConcept Plan
Master PlanMaster Plan
Land SalesLand Sales Development Development ControlControl
Concept PlanConcept Plan
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Concept Plan• Strategic and Long Term Plan• To ensure that there is sufficient land for the future
Concept Plan 2001Concept Plan 2001
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Integrated Planning: Multi‐Agency Effort
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Concept Plan:Concept Plan:Balancing
Competing Land Use Needs
Indus
Housing
Industry Water treatment & storage
Culture and Heritage
Nature and GreeneryCommerce
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SUSTAINABILITY
ECONOMIC
SOCIALENVIRONMENTAL
Concept Plan: Planning for Sustainability
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Concept PlanConcept Plan
Master PlanMaster Plan
The Planning Process
Land SalesLand Sales Development Development ControlControl
Master PlanMaster Plan
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Master Plan
Master Plan 2008Master Plan 2008
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• Shows permissible land use & density
• Detailed & transparent
• Review every 5 years
Master Plan: Statutory Land Use Plan
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Master Plan: Economizing on Land Use
Marine Parade Community ClubMarine Parade Community Club houses different users and tenants which would usually be sited separately
Sports Hall
Gymnasium
Popular Coffee Joint
263-seat Theatrette
Rooftop Basketball Court
Public Library
CoCo‐‐Location and IntegrationLocation and Integration
Community Club
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PRE-PLANNED CHAMBERFUTURE RECLAMATION
SEAWALL
Master Plan: Economizing on Land Use
Stormwater Collection Pond integrated with a Secondary School
CoCo‐‐Location and IntegrationLocation and Integration
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Deep Tunnel Sewerage System Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS)(DTSS)
• One main water reclamation plant
• Frees up land previously occupied by smaller plants and pumping stations
Master Plan: Economizing on Land Use
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• Underground rock caverns for storage or utility purposes
Caverns inside or under mountains
Master Plan: Economizing on Land Use
Use of Underground SpaceUse of Underground Space
Illustration of the Underground Storage Cavern by the Straits Times
Oil and gas storage
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Concept PlanConcept Plan
Master PlanMaster Plan
The Planning Process
Land SalesLand Sales Development Development ControlControlLand SalesLand Sales
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• Helps realise planning intentions
• Meet market demand for residential, commercial and industrial developments
• Private‐Public Partnership
Government Land Sales
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Concept PlanConcept Plan
Master PlanMaster Plan
The Planning Process
Land SalesLand Sales Development Development ControlControl
Development Development ControlControl
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• Ensure land and buildings are developed according to planning intentions of the Master Plan
• Evaluate planning submissions and grant planning approvals
• Transparent and clear guidelines
Development Control
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• Focus Group Sessions
• Public Forums
• Exhibitions
• E‐Consultation
Public Consultation as a part of Planning Process
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Planning Principles and Strategies
• Integrated Land Use & Transport Planning
• A Compact & Transit‐Oriented City
• Planning for a Good Quality Living Environment
• Creating a Vibrant City to Support Growth
• Towards a City‐in‐a‐Garden
• Conserving our Built Heritage
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• Planning for land use and transport networks done together
• Clustering high‐density developments around public transport nodes
Integrated Land Use and Transport Planning
Tampines Regional Centre in the east
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High Density Developments Around Major NodesHigh Density Developments Around Major Nodes
A Compact and Transit‐Oriented City
Amenities Close to HousingAmenities Close to Housing
Schools within walking Schools within walking distance to homesdistance to homes
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NEL
NSL
EWL
East
North
West
North-East
Central Region
Downtown Line
North-South Line Extension
Thomson Line
Eastern Region LineTuas Extension
Circle Line
Existing Lines
In Progress
By 2020
Extending Singapore’s Metro Network
Source: Land Transport Authority
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High-rise Public Housing Attractive Waterfront Housing
Planning for a Good Quality Living Environment
Private Landed Housing Medium-rise Private Condominiums
• Providing a Variety of Housing Types• > 90% home ownership
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Planning for a Good Quality Living Environment
• > 80% live in public housing
• 23 New Towns
• Building Homes, Shaping Communities
50-storey public housing
Scenic waterway through a public housing estate
Source: HDB
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Bayfront today Central Business DistrictMarina Centre – Convention/Hotel Hub
Marina Bay: Marina Bay: Seamless Growth of the City CentreSeamless Growth of the City Centre
Creating a Vibrant City Centre to Support Growth
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Events to Activate the Bay
F1 Grand Prix
New Year Countdown Sporting EventsYouth Olympic Games
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• 1967 Garden City Movement
• Creating spaces of relief and enjoyment in a high density environment
The Greening of Singapore
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Garden City to a City‐in‐a‐Garden
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Park Connectors
• Connectors to link parks and green spaces
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NEW PARK CONNECTORS
EXISTING PARK CONNECTORS
ROUND ISLAND LOOP
Park Connector Network
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Protecting Our Biodiversity
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Conserving Our Built Heritage
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• 3 Historic Districts• > 90 Conservation Areas• 7000 Conserved Buildings
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NEWater Plant
Water Resource Management• Shortage of drinking water supply• 4 National Taps to provide adequate clean water supply
• 100% sewered
Deep Tunnel Sewerage System
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Maintaining a Clean and Green Environment
• Household garbage collected daily
• Incineration of waste
• Encourage recycling
• Power generation
Integrated Waste Management
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• Strong Political Will and Support
• Long term planning
• Comprehensive Process from Planning through to Implementation
• Close co‐operation between Government Agencies
• Public buy‐in
Factors Facilitating Singapore’s Transformation
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53
Master Planning ProjectsMaster Planning Projects
• Work with foreign cities to provide advisory services on master planning projects– Suzhou Industrial Park, China
– Tianjin Eco‐city, China
– Durgapur Aerotropolis, West Bengal, India
– Royal Bafokeng Nation, South Africa
Sharing our Experiences
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54
Training ProgrammesTraining Programmes• Provide training courses for foreign government officials
• Conducted in Singapore or in their home country
• 4‐day Integrated Land Use Planning
• Courses conducted for:– Lagos State Government, Nigeria– Nanjing Planning Bureau, China– African Nations under the Joint UNCRD, JICA & MFA programme– Abu Dhabi Municipal Councillors
Sharing our Experiences
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55
International Collaborations
SinoSino‐‐Singapore Singapore TianjinTianjin EcoEco‐‐citycity
• Government‐ Government collaboration project
• URA led the Singapore Master Planning team for the Eco‐city
Perspectives of the Tianjin Eco-city
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For more information, visit www.leekuanyewworldcity.com.sg
Biennial international award
Recognise individuals and organisations that have made outstanding contributions to the creation of vibrant, liveable and sustainable urban communities around the world
Recognise individuals and organisationsresponsible for urban initiatives that display foresight, good governance or innovation in tackling urban challenges faced by cities
2010 Laureate: Bilbao City Hall
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Thank YouThank You
