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Integrated Water Resources Management
M.P.SINGH
Central Water Commission
New Delhi
Key Issues and Challenges in Water Resources
Management in India
Very High Temporal and Spatial variability of rainfall
4
Spatial Variation of Rainfall in INDIA
mm
Average 1,170
Max. 11,000 Mawsynram
Meghalaya
Min. 100 Western
Rajasthan
Precipitation during June to September 3000 BCM (75%)
Back
5
Temporal Variation of Rainfall
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Win
ter
Mon
soon
(Jan
-Feb
)
Pre
Mon
soon
(Mar
-
May
Mon
soon
(Ju
n-S
ep)
Pos
t
Mon
soon
(Oct
-Dec
)
Rai
nfa
ll in
mm
All India
75%
Back
• 17% of World’s population, 4% of renewable water
resource, 2.5% land area
• India is already under water stressed conditions (per
capita availability is less than 1700 m3/per person per
year)
• Most of the basins in western part and peninsular India
already water scarce (per capita availability is less than
1000 m3 per person per year)
• Small per capita reservoir storage as compared to
many countries
Key Issues and Challenges
7
Per Capita Water Availability
(National Average)
5177
2200
13401140
15451820
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1951 1991 2001 2011 2025 2050
Wa
ter
Av
ail
ibil
ty (
Cu
bic
me
tre
pe
r
ca
pit
a p
er
ye
ar)
Water Scarcity Line
1000 cu. m. per
person per year
Water stress Line
1700 cu. m. per
person per year
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Ru
ssia
Au
str
alia
Bra
zil
US
A
Tu
rke
y
Sp
ain
Chin
a
S A
fric
a
India
Ga
nga B
asin
Co
lora
do B
asin
Mu
rra
y D
arl
ing B
asin
Storage as % of annual availability in countries / basins
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Ru
ssia
Austr
alia
Bra
zil
US
A
Turk
ey
Spa
in
Chin
a
S A
fric
a
Ind
ia
Gan
ga B
asin
Per capita Live Storage (m3)
• Low water use efficiencies
•Over-exploitation of groundwater resources,
leading to rivers getting dry in lean season due to
no base flow contribution from depleted aquifers
•Poor water quality in many rivers due to lack of
treatment facilities
•Planning and implementation of water resources
projects in fragmented manner
Key Issues and Challenges (cont...)
What Is the Solution?
Integrated Water Resources Management
(IWRM)
What is IWRM?
“IWRM is a process which promotes the
coordinated development and management of
land, water and related resources in order to
maximize the resultant economic and social
welfare in an equitable manner without
compromising the sustainability of vital
ecosystems .”
--- Global Water Partnership (GWP-2000)
IWRM addresses the “three E’s”: Economic efficiency,
Environmental sustainability and social Equity,
including poverty reduction.
IWRM Takes into Account
1. Basin or Sub-basin as a basic planning unit.
2. All Sources of water like Surface water, Groundwater, soilmoisture, recycled water etc., their spatial and temporalvariation, quantity and quality
3. All stakeholders and sectoral interests (Domestic,Ecology, Irrigation, Industry, Power, Navigation,Recreation, Socio-cultural , Floods, etc)
4. Existing and ongoing projects and socio-techno-economicand environmental feasibility of new infrastructuredevelopment
5. Relevant policy and legal frameworks
6. Institutional aspects
National Water Policy on IWRM
The National Water Policy-2012, in several
provisions, has enumerated the integrated
perspective of water resources planning,
development and management.
One of the basic principles of the policy is that
planning, development and management of water
resources need to be governed by common
integrated perspective considering local, regional,
State and National context, having an
environmentally sound basis, keeping in view the
human, social and economic needs.
National Water Policy on IWRM (Contd)
There is a need for comprehensive legislation for optimum
development of inter- State rivers and river valleys to
facilitate inter-State coordination ensuring scientific
planning of land and water resources taking basin/sub-
basin as unit with unified perspectives of water in all its
forms (including precipitation, soil moisture, ground and
surface water) and ensuring holistic and balanced
development of both the catchment and the command
areas. Such legislation needs, inter alia, to deal with and
enable establishment of basin authorities, comprising party
States, with appropriate powers to plan, manage and
regulate utilization of water resource in the basins.
National Water Policy on IWRM (Contd)
Highlighting the importance of integrated water
resources management, the policy states that
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
taking river basin / sub-basin as a unit should be the
main principle for planning, development and
management of water resources. The departments /
organizations at Centre / State Governments levels
should be restructured and made multi-disciplinary
accordingly.
IMPORTANT STEPS OF INDIA
TOWARDS IWRM
Basin Scale Studies
• Work of preparation of IWRM plan for Brahmani-Baitarni river
basin is currently going on with collaboration between CWC, IMD,
CGWB, NIH, CSIRO (Australia) and co-basin States (Odisha,
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand).
• There is proposal to carry out IWRM study of 10 more basins.
• IIT Delhi has taken up a project for preparation of IWRM plan of
4 basins [Mahi, Narmada, Palar and Yamuna (up to Etawah)] in
association with eWater of Australia and CWC.
• A pilot study on reassessment of water resources
potential of Godavari and Brahmani-Baitarni basins using
space inputs has been jointly done by CWC and NRSC
• Study to be improved and being up-scaled in all the river
basins through regional offices of CWC.
• Damodar Valley System: Comprehensive System Studies
of Damodar-Barakar River system was carried out in CWC
in 2005 involving 5 reservoirs and a barrage to study the
basin response in respect of 2005 and 2025 demand
levels.
Basin Scale Studies …
THANK YOU