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Integrated Weed
Management in Grapes
Sun-Maid Winter CE Meeting
Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree
UC Cooperative Extension, Fresno County
cefresno.ucanr.edu
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
ucanr.edu/sites/weed_management - Weed/herbicide charts, weed topics, research, etc.
ipm.ucanr.edu - IPM, weed ID, herbicide recommendations, etc.
www.weedscience.com - Weed resistance, herbicide MOA
www.agrian.com - Pesticide labels, recs
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
On-line resources
Other helpful resources
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
► take advantage of winter rains to activate preemergent materials
► better crop safety to herbicides when vines are asleep
► best time to eliminate key weeds before they become summer
problems, which are usually much tougher to deal with
► eliminate potential reservoirs for rodents and insects
Why winter weed control is needed
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
• Vine age - herbicide and mechanical options
• Weed stage - postemergent effectiveness
• Soil trash - preemergent effectiveness
• Soil and irrigation - preemergent rate and longevity
• Herbicide MOA - weed spectrum, resistance, cost
• Sprayer - performance and uniformity in delivery
• Applicator - skill and awareness
• Equipment and labor - availability vs. acreage
• Cost
Factors influencing weed control
with herbicides
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Glyphosate-resistant weeds in CA
Horseweed
Junglerice Hairy fleabane
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Palmer amaranth
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Annual sowthistle Panicle willowherb
Prickly lettuce Swinecress
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Burning nettle Hare barley
Johnsongrass Malva
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Active ingredient Product example (vine age) MOA group
Preemergent
flazasulfuron, rimsulfuron Mission (36 mo), Matrix (12 mo) 2
oryzalin, pendimethalin, trifluralin Prowl H2O (any), Surflan (post-plant), Treflan (any) 3
simazine Princep (12 mo) 5
diuron Direx (12 mo) 7
norflurazon Solicam (24 mo) 12
flumioxazin, oxyfluorfen, sulfentrazone Chateau (12 mo), Goal (post-plant), Zeus (12 mo) 14
napropamide Devrinol 2-XT (post-plant) 15
isoxaben Trellis SC (post-plant) 21
indaziflam Alion (36 mo) 29
Postemergent
clethodim, fluazifop, sethoxydim Fusilade (non-bearing), Poas (post-plant)t,
Select (non-bearing)
1
2,4-D amine Dri-Clean (36 mo) 4
glyphosate Roundup Powermax (anytime) 9
glufosinate Rely 280 (post-plant), Lifeline (post-plant) 10
carfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, pyraflufen Shark (post-plant), Goal (post-plant),
Venue (post-plant)
14
paraquat Gramoxone SL (post-plant) 22
Registered grape herbicides in CA
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
*Look for MOA group number and/or info on the container and/or the label.
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Herbicide use in grapes in CA in 2015
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
14 9 10 3 22 2 29 5 4 1 21 7 12
Herbicide MOA group
Acre
s t
rea
ted
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Control measure Potential impact
Herbicide – rotation (MOA) Excellent
Herbicide – mixtures (MOA) Excellent
Herbicide – timing Excellent
Herbicide – application Excellent
Herbicide – rate Poor to Fair
Mechanical – primary tillage Good to Excellent
Mechanical – general tillage/mowing Fair to Good
Cultural – irrigation type Fair to Good
Cultural – cover crops, mulching Poor to Fair
Control measures and impact on
weed susceptibility over time
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Annual sowthistle
Prickly lettuce
Horseweed
Henbit
Chickweed
Burning nettle
Malva
Willowherb
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Prowl H2O
(3)
Chateau
(14)
Trellis
(21)
Matrix
(2)
Alion
(29)
Mission
(2)
Zeus XC
(14)
Filaree
Hairy fleabane
Horseweed
Knotweed ?
Malva
Nettle
Prickly lettuce
Puncturevine ?
Purslane
Sowthistle
Ryegrass ?
Junglerice
Y. Nutsedge
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Preemergent control of some winter and summer weeds
Preemergents need good soil contact
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Soil debris and preemergents
Product Affected by debris
Direx No
Matrix No
Princep No
Trellis No
Alion No
Chateau Yes
Goal Yes
Prowl H2O Yes
Surflan Yes
Mission ?
Zeus ?
1-10 1-10 1-10
2/29/2008 3/21/2008 5/5/2008 6/12/2008
% Leaf Cover
%Fillaree Cover Overall
Ratings Ratings Willowherb
Raked Not Raked Not Raked Not Raked Not
60 5 50 9 4 9 5 10 7
50 7 30 8 5 8.5 5 10 5
50 15 40 7 4 8 6.5 9 4
40 3 20 8 5 9 6 9 5
40 5 10 7 6 9.5 7 10 7
33 1 15 9 5 9.5 6 9 7
25 5 20 9 4 9 6 10 7
Ave 8.30% 28% 8.1 4.6 8.7 5.8 9.6 6.0
Napa Valley raking study in 2008
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Soil texture and irrigation can affect herbicide rate and performance, as well as weed type,
emergence, and growth.
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Treatment
Tumble
pigweed
Sowthistle
Hairy
fleabane
Lambsquarters
1. Rely 280 + RU 8.0 b 9.0 c 3.5 e 4.3 b
2. Alion 1 + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.9 a 9.9 a 10.0 a
3. Alion 2 + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 a 9.9 a
4. Chateau + Prowl H2O + Rely 280 + RU 9.8 a 9.6 b 9.0 c 9.8 a
5. Trellis + Surflan + Rely 280 + RU 9.8 a 9.9 a 9.6 ab 9.7 a
6. GoalTender + Prowl H2O + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.9 a 7.3 d 9.9 a
7. Alion + Chateau 1 + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.7 b 9.8 a 9.9 a
8. Alion + Chateau 2 + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.7 b 9.8 a 9.8 a
9. Alion + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 a 10.0 a
10. Chateau + Prowl H2O + Rely 280 + RU
then Alion + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU
10.0 a 9.9 a 9.8 a 10.0 a
11. Trellis + Surflan + + Rely 280 + RU
then Alion + GoalTender + Rely 280 + RU
10.0 a 9.9 a 10.0 a 10.0 a
12. GoalTender + Prowl H2O + Rely 280 + RU
then Alion + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU
10.0 a 9.9 a 9.5 ab 9.9 a
13. Alion 1 + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.9 a 8.9 c 9.8 a
14. Alion 2+ Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.9 a 9.2 bc 9.8 a
Statistical notation: CV (%)
(p=0.05) LSD
3.60
0.58
1.42
0.23
3.70
0.52
3.47
0.51
Grapes in Fresno County (115 DAT)
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Treatment Burning nettle P. willowherb Lambsquarters
1. Untreated 0.0 c 0.0 d 0.0 d
2. RU 48 fl oz + AMS 3.0 b 3.0 c 9.6 c
3. RU 24 fl oz + AMADS 2% v/v 3.0 b 3.0 c 9.6 c
4. RU 48 fl oz + AMADS 2% v/v 3.0 b 3.0 c 9.8 b
5. Mission 2.14 oz + RU 48 fl oz + AMS 10.0 a 9.9 b 9.9 ab
6. Mission 2.14 oz + RU 48 fl oz + AMS + MSO 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 ab
7. Mission 2.14 oz + Chateau 8 oz +
RU 48 fl oz + AMS + MSO
10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a
8. Mission 2.14 oz + Chateau 12 oz +
RU 48 fl oz + AMS + MSO
10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a
9. Mission 2.14 oz + Trellis 1 lb +
RU 48 fl oz + AMS + MSO
10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a
10. Mission 2.14 oz + Alion 5 fl oz +
RU 48 fl oz + AMS + MSO
10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a
CV (%)
LSD (p=0.05)
0.00
0.01
0.26
0.05
0.91
0.13
Grapes in Fresno County (120 DAT)
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Grapes in Fresno County (120 DAT)
Mission (2) + Chateau (14) + RU (9) + AMS + MSO
Mission (2) + Alion (29) + RU (9) + AMS + MSO
Mission (2) + RU (9) + AMS + MSO Untreated
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Alion (29) Matrix (2)
Roundup (9) Rely 280 (10)
Chateau (14) Prowl H2O (3) Roundup (9)
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Roundup (9)
lambsquarter, horseweed, pigweed, malva
nettle, cupgrass, horseweed, henbit, malva, lambsquarters
Chateau (14) Matrix (2)
Roundup (9) Rely 280 (10)
Roundup (9) Rely 280 (10)
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
pigweed, cupgrass, junglerice, horseweed, lambsquarters, hairy fleabane, willowherb, nettle
Alion + Matrix
Alion
1 year later
Goal + Surflan
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Active ingredient Product example (vine age) MOA group
Preemergent
flazasulfuron, rimsulfuron Mission (36 mo), Matrix (12 mo) 2
oryzalin, pendimethalin, trifluralin Prowl H2O (any), Surflan (post-plant), Treflan (any) 3
simazine Princep (12 mo) 5
diuron Direx (12 mo) 7
norflurazon Solicam (24 mo) 12
flumioxazin, oxyfluorfen, sulfentrazone Chateau (12 mo), Goal (post-plant), Zeus (12 mo) 14
napropamide Devrinol 2-XT (post-plant) 15
isoxaben Trellis SC (post-plant) 21
indaziflam Alion (36 mo) 29
Postemergent
clethodim, fluazifop, sethoxydim Fusilade (non-bearing), Poas (post-plant)t,
Select (non-bearing)
1
2,4-D amine Dri-Clean (36 mo) 4
glyphosate Roundup Powermax (anytime) 9
glufosinate Rely 280 (post-plant), Lifeline (post-plant) 10
carfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, pyraflufen Shark (post-plant), Goal (post-plant),
Venue (post-plant)
14
paraquat Gramoxone SL (post-plant) 22
Registered grape herbicides in CA
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
US EPA memorandum on paraquat (to be fully implemented by March 2019)
1. Label changes emphasizing paraquat toxicity
and supplemental warning materials;
2. Targeted training materials for paraquat users;
3. Closed-system packaging for all non-bulk
(<120 gal) end use product containers;
4. Restricting use of all paraquat products to
certified applicators only (prohibits uncertified
workers even under the supervision of a
certified applicator).
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Fresno County Nov 14, 2017
Lifeline
(10)
Shark
(14)
Venue
(14)
Mission
(2)
Roundup
(9)
2,4-D
(4)
Filaree
Hairy fleabane Resistant
Horseweed Resistant
Knotweed ?
Malva
Nettle
Prickly lettuce
Puncturevine
Purslane
Sowthistle
Ryegrass
Junglerice Resistant
Y. Nutsedge
Postemergent control of some winter and summer weeds
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Postemergent herbicide timing
Horseweed control across postemergence herbicides tested
Parlier 2006
0
2
4
6
8
10
2-14 leaf Rosette 6-12" bolted
Horseweed growth stage
Co
ntr
ol
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
5/20/05 (7 DAT)
5/25/05 (14 DAT)
7/7/05 (56 DAT)
Herbicide Treatment
Rate/ Acre
Foliage only
Foliage only
Stem only
Overall plant
1. Untreated --- 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 d 0.0 c
2. Roundup WeatherMax 3.3 qt 6.8 b 8.7 b 4.5 c 7.4 b
3. Rely 6.0 qt 8.3 a 9.9 a 9.2 a 9.7 a
4. Roundup WeatherMax Rely
2.0 qt 2.0 qt
7.8 a 9.7 a 7.6 b 8.5 ab
5. Roundup WeatherMax Rely
2.0 qt 3.0 qt
8.0 a 9.8 a 8.9 a 7.9 ab
6. Roundup WeatherMax Rely
2.0 qt 4.0 qt
8.1 a 9.9 a 9.2 a 9.5 a
7. Roundup WeatherMax Rely
1.0 % v/v 2.0% v/v
8.1 a 9.9 a 9.0 a 9.6 a
Statistical notation (p=0.05)
CV (%) LSD
7.10% 0.51
2.55% 0.25
10.61% 0.37
6.45% 0.56
5/20/05 (7 DAT)
5/25/05 (14 DAT)
7/7/05 (56 DAT)
Weed density at time of treatment
Foliage only
Foliage only
Stem only
Overall plant
1. Heavy 6.7 8.2 6.5 b 8.4 b
2. Sparse 6.7 8.3 7.3 a 9.1 a
Statistical notation CV (%) (p=0.05) LSD
7.10% n.s.
2.55% n.s.
1.14% 0.4
1.76% 0.67
Control of mature hairy fleabane plants
under heavy and sparse densities
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Untreated Roundup (9) – 30 DAT
Roundup (9) + Chateau (14) – 30 DAT Rely 290 (10) + Chateau (14) – 30 DAT
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Glufosinate comparison trial
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Trt Treatment Rate/acre HOR FIL CHI HEN PAN SOW LAM
1. Roundup Powermax 24.0 fl oz 7.2 b 6.3 a 10.0 9.8 c 7.0 b 8.0 c 9.9
2. Lifeline 48.0 fl oz 9.5 a 10.0 a 10.0 9.9 b 10.0 a 9.7 b 9.9
3. Lifeline 56.0 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 9.9 b 10.0 a 9.8 ab 10.0
4. Lifeline 64.0 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 ab 9.9
5. Rely 280 48 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0
6. Rely 280 56.0 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 ab 10.0
7. Rely 280 64.0 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0
8. Lifeline +
Roundup PowerMax
56.0 fl oz +
24.0 fl oz
10.0 a 9.9 a 10.0 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.8 b 10.0
9. Rely 280 +
Roundup PowerMax
56.0 fl oz +
24.0 fl oz
10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.8 b 10.0
Statistical notation
(p=0.05)
CV (%)
LSD
3.10
0.50
2.00
0.32
0.81
n.s.
0.59
0.06
0.00
0.00
1.72
0.17
2.02
0.20
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Treat Johnsongrass 8-12″ tall
and bermudagrass when its
8-12″ across. When treating
tall grasses with Roundup,
there’s no need to spray the
entire plant, so aim at the base of the plant.
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
3% v/v on annual weeds
6% v/v on mix of annual and young perennial weeds
9% v/v on perennials like bindweed, Johnsongrass, and nutsedge
60 gpa ride
Ph of water in tank at 6.0
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
2,4-D glyphosate
Glyphosate + 2,4-D
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
glufosinate
glyphosate
flumioxazin
A good spray job will help your herbicides perform to their full potential!
• Sprayer operation
• Application rate actually delivered
• Environmental conditions
• Spray nozzles, volume, coverage
• Spray additives
• Labor and equipment vs. acres
• Applicator skill and attitude
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
AI
TT
Consider the coverage needed
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
XR11004 TTJ60-11004
Grape spray nozzle trial (15 DAT)
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Do you carry these on your spray rig?
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Mechanical considerations::
Lots of equipment to choose from
Usually >90% control if weeds are small
Mechanical blight
Generally high outlay costs
Usually a fairly slow travel speed
Irrigation tubing placement
Promotes grassy species
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
French Plow Bezzerides
Steam Greenmatch
30 DAT
Dr. Anil Shrestha, Fresno State Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
Take-Home Points: ► Be proactive when it comes to dealing with weeds in vines.
► Diversify herbicide choice, by mixing and rotating materials with different
MOAs. – this keeps weeds susceptible and herbicides viable.
► Treat when weeds are the most vulnerable (do you have the time,
equipment, and labor readily available?).
► Make sure the spray operation is up to par.
► Consider cleaning off berms to ensure better herbicide-soil contact.
► Numerous in-row tillage options are available that can provide effective
weed control. For organic operations, this can provide better (and
usually cheaper) control than organically-approved herbicides.
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017
http://cefresno.ucdavis.edu
Email: [email protected]; Office: (559) 241-7520; Cell: (559) 392-6095
Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017