Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Integrating SourcesStudent Name:Instructor:
Date:Course:
About This DLAImportant NoteAll the activities (9) in this DLA must be completed in their entirety before meeting with a tutor and receiving credit. Where indicated, complete your work on this sheet.
Learning OutcomesThrough computer and other independent work, students will learn how to integrate sources through directly quoting and paraphrasing sources.
Activity (approximately 30-40 minutes)Read the information, complete the activities that follow, and be prepared to discuss your answers when you meet with a tutor.
Understanding How to Integrate SourcesAn integral part of academic writing is being able to incorporate sources appropriately and effectively in writing. There are three ways to use a source.
1. Direct Quotation: A direct quotation is the use of the author’s exact words in your essay. When you use a direct quotation, indicate this by putting the author’s words in quotation marks. Example: When describing her mother’s English, Tan writes, “My mother’s expressive command
of English belies how much she actually understands.” 2. Summary: When using a summary in your essay, you condense a lengthy source to just a few
sentences or a short paragraph of your own words. If you use any words from the source in your summary, you must put those words in quotation marks. Example: In Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, readers see the main character, Mrs. Mallard,
experience various reactions to the news of her husband’s death. First, she cries, but quickly stops. Next, she gazes out of her window, imagining a freer life. Finally, she dies from a “joy that kills” upon seeing her husband alive.
For further information and practice on summarization, please refer to the Summary Skills for Academic Writing DLA.
© Copyright 2011 Mt. SAC Writing Centerhttp://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/
Building 26B, Room 1561 (909) 274-5325
DLA: Integrating Sources 2
3. Paraphrase: Paraphrasing is somewhat similar to summarizing; you put a source’s ideas into your own words. The main difference, though, is that a paraphrase is around the same length as the original source while a summary is a shortened version of a source. The example below comes from The Bedford Handbook. Original Source: In earlier times, surveillance was limited to the information that a supervisor
could observe and record firsthand and to primitive counting devices. In the computer age surveillance can be instantaneous, unblinking, cheap, and maybe, most importantly, easy.
Example Paraphrase: Scholars Carl Botan and Mihaela Vorvoreanu claim that the nature of workplace surveillance has changed over time. Before the arrival of computers, managers could collect only small amounts of information about their employees based on what they saw or heard. Now, because computers are standard workplace technology, employers can monitor employees efficiently.
After you have decided which way you will use the source, create a signal phrase (shown in the examples above also).
The signal phrase alerts your readers that a source is coming, whether it’s a quotation, summary, or paraphrase. Usually, the signal phrase mentions the author and/or text of the source you are using (Hacker 508). Here are some examples:
According to Anne Lamott, author of Bird by Bird , readers need to have friends read their work before submitting it.
Writers need to come to writing with fervor and passion notes science fiction author Stephen King.
Here are some common verbs in signal phrases (Hacker 509). Choose the tense for your signal phrase verb based on the citation style you are using.
Analytical and Informative: comments, notes, reports, observes, responds, points out, suggests, implies, compares, illustrates, adds, writes
Argumentative: admits, argues, claims, declares, disputes, insists, rejects, asserts, contends, reasons, thinks, denies, refutes, grants, agrees, acknowledges, emphasizes, believes, confirms, endorses
A signal phrase may also give context to the source you are using (Hacker 508). Here are some examples:
Although she thought she was in the clear, “An unexpected tap on [her] shoulder startled [her].” It is unclear what Mrs. Mallard dies from: “a joy that kills” or realizing she will not have freedom.
ActivitiesCheck off each box once you have completed the activity.
☐ 1. Integrating a QuoteRead the following excerpt from the article “Is It All in My Head?” by Melissa Schor.
© Copyright 2011 Mt. SAC Writing Centerhttp://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/
Building 26B, Room 1561 (909) 274-5325
DLA: Integrating Sources 3
For the estimated 800,000 Americans suffering from chronic fatigue and the 3 to 6 million with fibromyalgia, the symptoms are all too physical—as debilitating as flu, and as persistent as tuberculosis. The diseases disproportionately affect women: Nearly 90 percent of fibromyalgia patients, and two-thirds of CFS sufferers, are female. Patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue have endured six months of complete exhaustion, plus a cluster of debilitating symptoms: They grow forgetful. Hurt when they swallow. Suffer throbbing headaches. Toss and turn in their sleep. Those with fibromyalgia may also suffer fatigue, but mainly describe inexplicably aching joints and muscles across their entire body.But although these diseases are among the more extensively researched of these chronic disorders, patients may still flounder for years searching for an explanation. Symptoms are broad and diffuse, and the diseases have no reliable test, so a diagnosis is usually made by ruling out everything else.In the search for the cause, researchers have turned up some significant biological abnormalities among chronic fatigue sufferers: Stress hormones, brain scans, and immune system measures often show characteristic differences compared to healthier populations. Researchers haven't given up looking for an underlying infectious cause, since sickness can be misleading—asthma and ulcers, for example, were only recently understood to be primarily physical diseases. At one point, the Epstein-Barr virus, which infects nearly all adults, was thought to be a culprit in CFS or fibromyalgia. But this idea, and others, have fizzled.Doctors suspect that by continuing to focus on an elusive biological cause, they could be missing out on the other half of the picture—and the chance to find a solution. They have begun to re-examine the role of severe stress, depression and even personality traits in initiating and fostering disease.Some of the evidence is hard to dispute. For example, those suffering from chronic fatigue or fibromyalgia are significantly more likely than healthy people to have experienced depression, anxiety, physical abuse or a life-altering stressful event well before they developed their disease. In one study conducted by Wayne Katon, professor of psychiatry at the University of Washington in Seattle, 90 percent of fibromyalgia patients had a prior psychiatric diagnosis. Another study, at the University of Leeds, found that patients who had developed chronic fatigue were nine times more likely to have suffered stressful events and difficulties in the three months before the onset of disease than were healthy subjects. The implication is clear: Unlike other diseases, these disorders are closely connected to psychological distress, whether it takes the shape of a major psychiatric disorder or simply poor coping mechanisms.
Choose a passage from the text to directly quote and write it in the space provided. Write a quote.
© Copyright 2011 Mt. SAC Writing Centerhttp://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/
Building 26B, Room 1561 (909) 274-5325
DLA: Integrating Sources 4
Write a quote.
Then create a signal phrase to introduce this quote and write it in the space provided. Write a signal phrase
Now put the signal phrase and quote together. Combine the signal phrase and quote.
☐ 2. Integrating a Paraphrase INext write a paraphrase of the following passage. Try not to look back at the original passage.
Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From "Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers," Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348.
Write a paraphrase.
Now practice using a different signal phrase to introduce the paraphrase and write it in the space provided.
Write a signal phrase
© Copyright 2011 Mt. SAC Writing Centerhttp://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/
Building 26B, Room 1561 (909) 274-5325
DLA: Integrating Sources 5
Now put the signal phrase and paraphrase together.Combine the signal phrase and paraphrase.
☐ 3. Integrating a Paraphrase IIFinally, continue the process by paraphrasing the following passage:
While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. From Ron Bachman, "Reaching for the Sky." Dial (May 1990): 15.
Write a paraphrase.
Then create a signal phrase that provides context to the passage to introduce the paraphrase and write it in the space provided.
Write a signal phrase
Now put the signal phrase and paraphrase together.Combine the signal phrase and paraphrase.
© Copyright 2011 Mt. SAC Writing Centerhttp://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/
Building 26B, Room 1561 (909) 274-5325
DLA: Integrating Sources 6
Combine the signal phrase and paraphrase.
☐ 4. ReviewGo to https://mtsac2.mywconline.com and use the Mt. SAC Writing Center Appointment System to make a DLA appointment, or sign-up to see a tutor on the “DLA Walk-in” list in the Writing Center. During your session with a tutor, review the different ways you integrate sources and explain to the tutor the strategies that you use. Also, consider how you may apply what you have learned in other courses you are taking.
Student’s Signature:
Tutor’s Signature
Date:
Date:
If you are an individual with a disability and need a greater level of accessibility for any document in The Writing Center or on The Writing Center’s website, please contact the Mt. SAC Accessible Resource Centers for Students, [email protected], (909) 274-4290.
Revised 11/07/2018
© Copyright 2011 Mt. SAC Writing Centerhttp://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/
Building 26B, Room 1561 (909) 274-5325
