Integrating Sources for Peers

7/29/2019 Integrating Sources for Peers

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/integrating-sources-for-peers 1/15

INTEGRATING SOURCES INWRITTEN ASSIGNMENTSWhat I Tell My Students About Incorporating Quoted& Paraphrased Material Into Their Academic Papers



Incorporating Quoted & Paraphrased

Material Into An Essay

Outside material may support your ideas and may be a vital

component of your paper.

If the original material is particularly well written or precise, or if

the material is bold or controversial, it makes sense to quote the

author word-for-word, so you can examine them in detail. You willplace all language not your own in quotation marks: “ ”.

Sometimes paraphrasing an author’s ideas— instead of using the

author’s words, you’ll use your own language— helps keep the

flow of your essay and can be less distracting. You will not beplacing the author’s ideas in quotation marks, but the technique

you learn today will still make it clear to the reader which ideas

are yours and which come from your source.



Incorporating Quoted & Paraphrased

Material Into An Essay

All quoted and paraphrased material needs to be

introduced in some way. It is a mistake to think that

quoted material can stand on its own, no matter

how incisive it is. It is vital to not only introduce, but also to comment

on and analyze the material.



Student Example

Let’s look at a student paper example. The thesis

for this paper is, “The media must be

forced to stop programming young

women to believe skeletal modelsare the ideal.”

In the following slide, the student writer discusses her

friend who struggled with an eating disorder:



Student Example

Lynn’s family became involved in her therapy,

too. Phoebe Erens in “Family Conflicts

Resolutions” emphasizes the importance of the

family in any treatment plan: “Often, the

daughter has taken on the role of diverting

attention from unacknowledged conflicts withinthe family” (243). In therapy, Lynn and her

family gradually learned that her parents’

“unacknowledged conflicts” over Lynn’s choice

of art as a major instead of computer science

contributed to Lynn’s stress. Therapy involvedacknowledging these internalized conflicts as

well as seeing a relationship between her

eating disorder and that stress.



Student Example

Let’s break this down:



Example with Explanation

Lynn’s family became involved in her therapy,too. Phoebe Erens [this is the quoted author’s name] in“Family Conflicts Resolutions” [a short work like anarticle is enclosed in quotation marks, long works like books areitalicized ] emphasizes the importance of the family

in any treatment plan: “Often, the daughterhas taken on the role of diverting attentionfrom unacknowledged conflicts within thefamily” (243)[page number]. In therapy, Lynnand her family gradually learned that herparents’ “unacknowledged conflicts” over Lynn’s

choice of art as a major instead of computerscience contributed to Lynn’s stress. Therapyinvolved acknowledging these internalizedconflicts as well as seeing a relationshipbetween her eating disorder and that stress.



Student Example

In this passage, the student writer uses Lynn’s experience to

lead into the quoted material. The students writer names the

author as well as the title of the source.

The quote provides an explanation of family dynamics that

reflects Lynn’s situation.

Rather than letting the quotation stand by itself, the student

writer uses it by discussing the connection between the quoted

material and her friend’s specific experience.

In order to understand how the student writer has incorporated

quoted material in the essay, let’s look at a strategy we call

“the sandwich.”



The Sandwich

Don’t just “quote and run,” which is essentially ploppingyour quote into your text and letting it stand alone — instead, critically examine and use your supportingmaterial.

Because effective supporting material is often quoted orparaphrased from outside sources, you need toincorporate them effectively. The “sandwich” techniquewill help you write better developed and more convincingpapers.

Just as bread holds the contents of a sandwich together, awriter needs to use the introduction to the quotation andthe discussion about it to hold the quoted materialtogether.



The Sandwich

Introduction

Quotation or

paraphrase

Commentary /

Analysis



The Introduction

• The lead-in or introduction — the top slice of bread — appealsto the reader and helps by identifying the author and anynecessary background or credentials as well as the title of thesource.

• The introduction should provide enough of a context or anawareness of the topic for the quoted material to make senseand should anticipate and identify any pronouns used withinthe quotation.

• The lead-in may also emphasize the focus point that you intend

to support with the quoted material. The introduction needs tobe informative without duplicating the material in thequotation.



Quote or Paraphrase

• The direct quotation or paraphrase — the

“meat” of the sandwich— comes next.

• Follow the quote or paraphrase with the page

number or page range from your source —

which will be found in your Works Cited page

at the end — and enclose the page number in

parentheses like so: (276).



Commentary/Analysis

The analysis or commentary — that essential

bottom slice of bread — provides those necessary

lines of clarification, interpretation, analysis, or

discussion after the quotation. You need to explain or define the author’s terms

and especially discuss the significance of the

quotation to the work as a whole. Most importantly,

your analysis demonstrates the necessity of that

quoted material for the point you are making.



Student Example

Let’s looks at another example:

Zora Neale Hurston was raised in an allblack town in Florida called Eatonville. Thenorms that she practiced were considerednormal in her all black setting but they maybe strange outside of the town. In “How itFeels to be Colored Me,” cultural relativity

refers to her race and more specifically thecolor of her skin. Hurston didn’t realizethat she was black until she was amongpeople who were not black: “I feel mostcolored when I am thrown against a sharpwhite background” (2). This particularessay explains that actual process ofHurston becoming colored. Once Hurston lefther all black hometown her worldview changeddrastically. She was completely unaware ofher race until she left her bubble andinteracted with people of a different race.

Introduction

Quotation or

paraphrase

Commentary /

Analysis



FYI

The formatting of your textual examples may varydepending on a number of factors. Look up MLA formattingonline for guidelines.

Be aware that when quoting or paraphrasing a source for

the first time, at minimum, you need the author’s first and lastname, the title of the work, and the page number (unless it’s

an electronic source like a website).

From the second time on, all you will need is the author’s last

name and page number…unless you’re quoting from morethan one work by the same author (think multiple works fromthe same author). In that case, always indicate the title aswell as author’s last name for clarity.

Documents

Integrating Sources for Peers