Integration of IEC 61850 GSE andSampled Value Services toReduce Substation Wiring
Copyright SEL 2010
Dave Dolezilek, Dave Whitehead,and Veselin Skendzic
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
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Replacing Copper WithDigital Communication
Copper Conductors
Fiber-Optic Cable
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Yard Wiring Reduction Yields Benefits
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AuxiliaryRelays AddComplexity
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IEC 61850 ReducesComplexity With
Streamlined Design
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1. Traditional Approach
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2. Relays in Yard No Communication
PhysicalEquipment
TerminalBlock /
Test PlugRelay
44 Wires 44 Wires
Yard
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3. I/O Modules in Yard
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4. Merging Unit Topology
PhysicalEquipment
TerminalBlock / Relay
Merging Unit
Switch or Processor
Yard House
EquipmentBlock /
Test PlugRelay
Unit Processor
44 Wires 44 Wires 1 Cable 1 Cable
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IEC 61850 StandardDigitizes Information
Substation Configuration Language (SCL) dictionary of terms; vendors use same dialect
Object-oriented database structures
Combination of protocols for different needs
Client / server replaces traditionalmaster / slave
Publish / subscribe multicasts Grid-Interop 2010
Replace Field Wiring WithEthernet LANs
Move data from each manufacturers devices using same method
Signal List
Object List
Circuit Breaker
LN XCBR
method
Group data logically
Create, find, use data with standardized methods
Station HMI
Switch Controller
LN IHMI
LN CSWI
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SCL Provides Dictionary, Descriptions
Scientific Classification
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taxonomy
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Puma
Species: concolor Grid-Interop 2010
SCL Includes Processes for Finding,Describing, Classifying, Naming Data
SCL Classification
Station: Oasis
Voltage level: 220 kV
Bay: Bay 1Bay: Bay 1
Apparatus: Circuit breaker
Physical Device: Relay
Logical Device:* Meter (MET)
Logical Node (LN):* Measurements (MMXU)
LN Instance:* First measurement group (1)
Function:* Analog measurement (MX)
Data Object:* Frequency (HZ)*Dictated by the standard.Data name = MET.MMXU1.MX.HZ
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Process Bus Protocols Move AnalogValues, Discrete Status, and Alarms
IEC 61850 GOOSE, Sampled Value (SV)
IEEE C37.118 synchrophasors
IEEE 15882008: precision time IEEE 15882008: precision time synchronization (in progress at PSRC)
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Constant Repetition Serves SampledData and GOOSE Integrity Heartbeat
Predictable receipt
Constant bandwidth utilizationutilization
GOOSE heartbeat messages, SV, time synchronization
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Faster Repetition Increases LikelihoodChange Noticed Quickly
Increased bandwidth use only after change
Interrupt-driven Interrupt-driven GOOSE data change messages
Slows toconstantrepetition
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Merging Unit ConceptAggregates Data Onto
Digital Link
Dis
cret
e S
tatu
s an
d A
larm
Pow
er S
uppl
y
Clo
ck In
put
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SVs Publish at Fixed Rate
Sampling physically separate from
Measurement
Metering Metering
Calculation
Multiple subscribers to each SV
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IEC 61850-9-2 LE SV Fixed-RatePublication Requirements
Sampling
Protection: 4, 4.8 kHz
Quality metering: 12.8, 15.36 kHz
Publication
Protection: 4, 4.8 kHz (one sample per message)
Quality metering: 1.6, 1.92 kHz (eight samplesper message)
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MMS Client Server Applications UnaffectedWhen Transport Layers Restore Lost Data
TCP retransmission and reassembly
Workstation Server
O
L
L
E
H
Data O Data L Data E Data H HELO
Workstation Server
Retransmitted
H
E
L
O
Data LX
LData L
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GOOSE and SV ApplicationsSurvive When Data Are Lost
No resend; next message already on its way
Workstation Serveralready on its way
Achieved by having no network layer, thus noWAN routing
5
4
3
2
1
Data 5 Data 4 Data 2 Data 1Data With
Segment #3 Lost
1
2
4
5
Data 3X Grid-Interop 2010
IEC 61850 GOOSE and SV CustomEthertypes Registered by IEEE
UseEthertype Value(hexadecimal)
IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE 88-B8
IEC 61850-8-1 GSE Management 88-B9
IEC 61850-9-2 SV 88-BA
IEC 61850-8-1 MMS via IP 08-00 [Ethertype for all IP traffic]
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Transfer Time Includes Time toDetect, Transfer, and Process Change
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Merging Unit With Breaker Control
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Merging Unit, Breaker Control,Deterministic TDM Transport of
Mission-Critical Synchronous SV
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Full-Featured Merging Unit WithLocal Protection and Control
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Advantages of Distributed Approach
Continued primary protection if communication fails
Minimum number of devices
Subscription, publication of IEC 61850-9-2 Subscription, publication of IEC 61850-9-2
Fixed-rate sampling, publication
Absolute time reference per IEEE 1588
Shared analog data among devices
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What Affects Ethernet Reliability?Streaming Data Applications
Synchrophasors
Security video
Sampled Values
IEC 61850 GOOSE
Time synchronization
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Solution: Packets Over Pipes (POP)Ethernet Over SONET/SDH
OC-48 SONET multiplexer
Gb or fast Ethernet multiplexer
Gb or fast Ethernet switch Gb or fast Ethernet switch
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Wide-Area Networking Components
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IntegratedCommunicationsOptical Network
Intersubstation
Site BLocal User
Site D
Site A System Manager
Multiplexer
MultiplexerMultiplexer
SNMP Manager
Site B
Intrasubstation
Local UserSite C
USBEthernet
Multiplexer
Multiplexer Multiplexer
Multiplexer
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TeleprotectionTransmission Line Protection
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Wide-Area ControlUsing Synchrophasors
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Security Solution
Intersubstation
Site B
Site D
Site A Video Monitoring
Station
Multiplexer
Multiplexer MultiplexerIntersubstation
Site C
SCADA
Automation Controller
Multiplexer
Multiplexer
Automation Controller
Ethernet
Power Over Ethernet
CabinetAlarms
FenceAlarms
CabinetAlarms
FenceAlarms
Multiplexer
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Precise Time Distribution PermitsReal-Time Performance Indicators
Absolute 1 s accuracy maintained between all stations
Relative 1 s accuracy maintained between all stations
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Prefabricated SubstationControl Enclosures
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SignificantOpportunity to
ReduceFootprint / Cost
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IEC 61850 Solutions forElektro Eletricidade e Servios
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Second Stage of Modernization: 2006
Complete modernization of 30 substations ranging from 13.8 kV to 138 kV
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Removal of Copper Wiring
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Fiber Optics Replace Copper
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Initial Results
Fault occurred in transformer after modernization
Automation scheme reestablished energy to 17,000 customers in seconds to 17,000 customers in seconds
Customer interruption time would have been ~1.5 hours without logic
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Automation Communication
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Breaker Failure
Bay Controller
Failed to Open
Trip
Ifault+load
Ifault
Switch B
Switch A
Bay Controller
Trip
Breaker Failure Trip Bus
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Ethernet Failure
Bay Controller
Failed to Open
Trip
Ifault+load
Ifault
Switch B
Switch A
Bay Controller
Trip
Cable or Switch Failure
GOOSE (Breaker Failure)
GOOSE
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Feeder Fault
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ConclusionUse Global, Standardized Methods
Offer choice of installation method / location
Provide most reliable protection
Achieve lowest system / installation cost
Use existing protection
Design for interoperability
Provide system-wide protection and synchrophasor data
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