Integration of IOT and Cloud Computing and its issues: …ijetsr.com/images/short_pdf/1509185181_903-907-mccia855_ijetsr.pdf · Cloud computing, Internet of Things, Cloud-IOT, Cloud

903 Vishalkumar A Patel, Vigneshkumar K Patel, Gaurang Panchal

International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and ResearchIJETSR

www.ijetsr.comISSN 2394 – 3386

Volume 4, Issue 10October 2017

Integration of IOT and Cloud Computing and its issues: A Survey

Vishalkumar A PatelCharotar University of Science

and Technology (CHARUSAT),Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of

Technology, U & P U. PatelDepartment of Computer

Engineering, Changa, India

Vigneshkumar K PatelCharotar University of Science




Gaurang PanchalCharotar University of Science




ABSTRACTWith the success of connectivity and convergence, IOT came into existence, which promotes ubiquitous computing whereanything and everything will be connected. IOT and cloud computing are the two latest technologies, whose massiveadoption and usage is assumed to soar further. IOT is becoming so prevalent that it is becoming an issue to handle thedata produced by its objects. Cloud computing is one of the solution to this problem. This idea of merging IOT and cloudis not easy though, it seems to have many benefits. The reasons for the emergence of Cloud-IOT and the key issues oftheir integration are examined further.

KEYWORDS

Cloud computing, Internet of Things, Cloud-IOT, Cloud of Things, Integration, Issues, Challenges

I. INTRODUCTIONINTERNET OF THINGSThe term ‘Internet of Things’ was coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton of Massachusetts Institute of technology(MIT).[5] In IOT, ‘things’ means any communicating or non-communicating object. Objects includephysical entities like sensors, actuators, etc. or digital ones that perform some computational tasks, becomecommunicating nodes over the Internet through various data communication methods. So, we can say thatIOT is a network infrastructure where objects are integrated with data capturing and data communicationcapabilities within ubiquitous internet for device controlling and monitoring.

The IOT architecture is usually considered to have three layers, Application Layer, Network Layer andPerception layer. Two additional layers to be considered are [10][5]: Business Logic Layer and MiddlewareLayer. These layers are explained in following paragraph and shown in figure 1.

Figure 1IOT architecture





Perception Layer: It is the lower most layer of IOT architecture and its main role is to render data fromenvironment. This layer includes Sensors, cameras, GPS, bar code labels, RFID tags etc. which are used fordata collection and sensing.

Network Layer: Similar to Transport and Network Layer of OSI model, it takes in data from PerceptionLayer and forwards it to the Internet. It includes a gateway, interfacing between internet and sensors, whichmay include information processing centers and network management.

Middleware Layer: Service management, data storage, data processing and decision making on data receivedfrom Network Layer. The output is passed to Application Layer. [10]

Application Layer:User is provided with global management of application. These applications presentinformation based on user on the type of devices and their role in Perception Layer and informationprocessing done by Middleware,and User needs.[10]

Business Logic Layer: Business Layer is all about providing services that create opportunities for

generating money. Data from Application layer is characterized into meaningful services as well asknowledge by making a lot of money toservice holder.

CLOUD COMPUTINGNational Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing as “a model for enablingubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable IT resources that can berapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction”.[11] Cloudcomputing is a step further of grid computing, parallel computing and distributed computing.[6]

Services provided by cloud computing can be categorized into 4 main types namely: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS andNaaS[7]. SaaS, PaaS and IaaS are described in figure 2. Naas (Network as a Service) provides virtualnetworks to the users. A user can create any number of networks with desired types of nodes, policies, etc.

II. WHY CLOUD OF THINGSThe number of connected devices has already surpassed the total Earth population and is expected to keepgrowing more rapidly. With web3, the web reaching almost everywhere and the increasing number ofconnected devices, there is a huge surge in data generated. With IOT burgeoning, it surely is contributing abig portion to the Big Data. Environment sensors, monitoring sensors, different actuators, all of them generatedata in volume, variety and with velocity. Processing of such scale of data on IOT end is not possible. Herecomes cloud computing. IOT and Cloud computing, both have seen a different evolution. But their integrationhaveseveral shared advantages that have been identified in literature and can be seen in the upcoming years.This assimilationaspires the concept of Cloud of Things (COT) or Cloud-IOT paradigm.

Figure 2 Cloud services





Table 1 Mutual characteristics of IOT and Cloud

On one side, the Cloud computing get the advantage of widening its scope to things in the real world bydelivering new number of services in more distributed, robust manner. On the other, IOT can benefit from theintegration by having virtually unlimited resources and capabilities of Cloud to overcome its constraints likeaccessibility, storage, processing power, energy, etc. Cloud provides a great platform to implement newer IOTservices and applications that consume the data produced by the things.

Advantages of adopting Cloud-IOT paradigm, apart from storage and computational resources, are:

Communication resources: With the availability of high speed networks, Cloud helps IOT to connect to,monitor, control remote things and real-time access to the data produced in cheap and effective way.

New capabilities: IOT comprises of very high heterogeneity of devices, technologies and protocols. Thus,efficiency, security, availability, scalability, interoperability and reliability are difficult to get. Cloudcomputing takes care of these issues to certain extent if not completely.

New Paradigms: COT introduces new scenarios for smarter services and applications like

Sensor as a Service (SenaaS)

Sensor Event as a Service (SEaaS)

Sensing as a Service (SaaS)

Ethernet as a Service (EaaS)

DataBase as a Service (DBaaS)

Video Surveillance as a Service (VSaaS)

Data as a Service (DaaS)

Sensing and Actuation as a Service (SAaaS)

Identity and Policy Management as a Service (IPMaaS)

The IOT and cloud integration, though seems to have many merits, has some key issues that need to beattended forehand. Some of these issues are presented here.

III. ISSUES OF INTEGRATIONThere come several challenges in integration IOT and cloud computing which need to be overcome to allowCOT to exist in today’s world. Some of the key issues are stated below:Assimilation of devices at runtime: This relates to logically configuring and consolidating differentresources of the physical space with device cloud [12]. Runtime automatic assimilation process is needed tostore the information w.r.t scalability [13].





Interoperability and nomenclature: Data resources appear when devices are interconnected and byextracting the information that generate data streams. They need to be handled without any knowledge aboutassociated entities or the type of data. Integration of new devices and nomenclature fosters interoperabilityand other range of capabilities like QoS, content-based routing and context-awareness.

Location for data storage: Location of data and repositories also matters based on different factors.Forinstance, to reduce the access time to minimum, it would be better to store time sensitive data, such as video,in actual location nearest to the users.

Multitenancy: The supply and association of resources need approaches to be shared among users (tenants)and should also include dynamic granting, access control and device token reservations, etc.

Service discovery: In IOT, any object can enter or exit a network at any moment. With COT, the broker orcloud manager has the responsibility of finding new services, managing them and knowing the status of IOTnodes.

QOS: Quality of services is determined on bandwidth, packet ratio loss, delay and jitter[14]. It becomes anissue as the amount of data and its types increases. This can be handled to a certain extent by allowingdynamic prioritization and ability to handle sudden data bursts.

Energy efficiency: With the increasing number of IOT devices, it would not be feasible to have temporarypower supplies for them. Also with connection to the Cloud and the prevailing of sensor networks almosteverywhere, there would be a lot of power consumption, because of increased data communication. Hence apermanent power supply or an efficient usage of energy would be good.

Security and Privacy: With the kind of ubiquitous computing we are moving towards, IOT as well as Cloudcomputing side would have the issue of information security. There would be increase in threats to the data invarious forms like snooping, repudiating, modification, etc. This can be reduced to a little bit by storingsensitive, private data in virtual storage servers located inside users’ country or trusted geographical domain.

IPv6 deployment: With the IPv4 address space running out, we have started to use IPv6. But objects assignedIPv6 would be of no benefit until a proper, efficient and standardized mechanism forcoexistence of IPv4-IPv6is designed.

Protocols support: IOT network comprise of heterogenous devices. All these different things need differentprotocols to be connected to Internet. Even if there are homogenous objects, there may a possibility that theyare working on different protocols such as 6LOWPAN, ZigBee, etc. So, there is still no standardization ofprotocols.

Figure 3 Cloud Of Things paradigm





IV. CONCLUSIONUsing cloud for IOT application specific data provides great convenience like reduced complexity and costrelated to direct management. It also imposes new challenges like those discussed above. Several otheressential concerns arise too, like vendor lock-in, service provider trust issues, knowledge about SLAs (servicelevel agreements), various cryptography, etc. Upcoming literature should also focus on the service delivery ofCloud-IOT, Networking protocols, Big Data aspect, sensor networks and user participation.

V. REFERENCES[1] AlessioBotta,Walter de Donato, Valerio Persico, Antonio Pescape. On the integration of cloud computing and

Internet of Things. 2014 international conference on future of IOT and cloud[2] PriteeParwekar. From Internet of Things towards Cloud of Things. 2011-ICCCT[3] Deepak Chowdry, D. Yakobu. COT integration and challenges.[4] Mohammad Aazam, Imran Khan, Aymen Abdullah Alsaffur, Eui-Nam Huh. Cloud of Things: Integrating Internet of

Things and Cloud Computing and the issues involved. Jan-2014 IBCAST[5] Miao Wu et. al., “Research on the architecture of Internet of things”, in the proceedings of 3rd International

Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, 20-22 August, 2012,Beijing, China.[6] Shuai Zhang et. al., “Cloud Computing Research and Development Trend”, in the proceedings of International

Conference on Future Networks, 22-24 Jan., 2010, Sanya, China.[7] W Ma et. al., “The Survey and Research on Application of Cloud Computing”, in the proceedings of 7th

International Conference on Computer Science and Education, 02-04 November, 2012, Wuyishan Mountain, China[8] Yen-Kuang Chen, “Challenges and Opportunities of Internet of Things”, in the proceedings of 17th Asia and South

Pacific Design Automation Conference, 30 Jan. – 02 Feb., 2012, Santa Clara, CA, USA.[9] GerdKortuem, FahimKawsar, Daniel Fitton, and VasughiSundramoorthi, “Smart Objects and Building Blocks of

Internet of Things”, IEEE Internet Computing Journal, volume 14, issue 1, pp. 44-51, Jan.-Feb., 2010[10] Rafiullah Khan, SarmadUllah Khan, RifaqatZaheer, and Shahid Khan, “Future Internet: The Internet of Things

Architecture, Possible Applications and Key Challenges”, in the proceedings of 10th International Conference onFrontiers of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, 17-19 December, 2012.

[11] P. Mell, T. Grance, The NIST definition of Cloud computing, Natl. Inst. Stand.Technol. 53 (6) (2009) 50.[12] M. Eisenhauer, P. Rosengren, and P. Antolin, “A development platform for integrating wireless devices and sensors

into ambient intelligence systems,” in Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops, 2009[13] Thomas Renner, Andreas Kliem, Odej Kao, “The Device Cloud - Applying Cloud Computing Concepts to the

Internet of Things” 2014 IEEE 11th Intl Conf on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing and 2014.[14] Lakshmi K K*, Girija N C, A Christy Persya, “Assimilation of Cloud Computing for IoT” International Journal of

Emerging Research in Management &Technology, 2015[15] Dave Evans, “The Internet of Things How the Next Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything”, Whitepaper,

Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG), April 2011

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Integration of IOT and Cloud Computing and its issues: …ijetsr.com/images/short_pdf/1509185181_903-907-mccia855_ijetsr.pdf · Cloud computing, Internet of Things, Cloud-IOT, Cloud