Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government 1

COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT版權版權

陳志冲 Simon Chan署理高級律師 Ag Senior Solicitor

知識產權署 Intellectual Property Department

20.3.2007

Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government 2

範圍Scope

• 甚麼是版權？What are copyrights?

• 在不侵犯他人的版權的情況下，可作出甚麼行為？What can you do without infringing others’ copyrights?

• 侵犯他人的版權會帶來甚麼後果？What are the consequences of copyrights infringement?

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大綱Outline

(1)引言 Introduction(2)版權作品 Copyright Works(3)侵權行為 Infringing Acts(4)法定允許行為 Statutory Permitted Acts(5)民事及刑事責任 Civil and Criminal Liabilitie

s(6) 互聯網上的知識產權 Intellectual Property

on the Internet

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(1) 引言 Introduction

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基本法Basic Law

• 第 139 及 140 條Articles 139 and 149

• 香港特行政區自行制定政策，以法律保護知識產權Hong Kong SAR should on its own develop appropriate policies and afford legal protect for intellectual property rights

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知識產權的主要類別Major types of Intellectual Property

知識產權Intellectual Property

版權Copyright

商標Trademark

外觀設計 Designs

專利 Patent

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版權的本質Nature of Copyright

• 無形資產Intangible property

• 保障表達形式，並非意念Protects form of expression, Not ideas

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(2) 版權作品Copyright Works

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版權作品 ( 一 )Copyright Works (1)

版權作品Copyright works

評述Remarks

1. 原創文學作品 Original literary wor

ks

任何寫出、講出或唱出的作品，包括電腦程式Any work which is written, spoken or sung , including computer program

2. 原創戲劇作品 Original dramatic works

包括舞蹈作品或默劇作品Including works of dance or mime

3. 原創藝術作品 Original artistic works

包括相片、雕塑品、建築作品及美術工藝作品Including photographs, sculptures, works of architecture and works of artistic craftsmanship

4. 原創音樂作品 Original musical works

由音樂構成的作品，但不包括隨音樂唱出或講出的文字It means a work consisting of music, excluding words sung or spoken with the music

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版權作品 ( 二 )Copyright Works (2)

版權作品Copyright works

評述Remarks

5. 聲音紀錄Sound recordings

包括文學作品、戲劇作品或音樂作品的聲音紀錄Including sound recordings of a literary, dramatic or musical work

6. 影片 Films 記錄在任何媒體上的紀錄，而活動影像可藉任何方法自該紀錄產生It means a recording on any medium from which a moving image may by any means be produced.

7. 廣播 Broadcasts 藉無線電訊傳送Transmission by wireless telegraphy

8. 有線傳播節目Cable programmes

任何在有線傳播節目服務內的項目Any item included in a cable programme service

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版權作品的有效期Period of Protection for Copyright Works

Copyright Works版權作品

Period of Protection有效期

1.原創文學作品 Original literary works2.原創戲劇作品 Original dramatic works3.原創藝術作品 Original artistic works4.原創音樂作品 Original musical works

在生之年 + 50 年 Life of author + 50 years

1.聲音紀錄 Sound recordings2.影片 Films3.廣播 Broadcasts4.有線傳播節目 Cable programmes

製作後 50 年 50 years after work is made

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受版權所限制的作為 ( 一 ) Restricted Acts (1)

包括 Include ︰• 複製

To copy the work• 向公眾發放複製品

To issue copies of the work to the public • 將電腦程式或聲音紀錄的複製品租予公眾

To rent copies of a computer program or sound recording to the public

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受版權所限制的作為 ( 二 )Restricted Acts (2)

• 向公眾提供複製品（例如透過互聯網）To make available copies of the work to the public (e.g. via Internet)

• 公開表演、放映或播放To perform, show or play the work in public

• 廣播或以有線傳播To broadcast the work or include it in a cable programme service

• 製作改編本 To make an adaptation of the work

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(3) 侵權行為 Infringing Acts

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直接侵權Primary Infringement

• 任何人未獲作品的版權擁有人的特許，而自行或授權他人作出任何受版權所限制的行為Copyright in a work is infringed by a person who without the licence of the copyright owner does, or authorizes another to do, any of the acts restricted by the copyright

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間接侵權Secondary infringement

• 協助及促進侵權行為Assisting and facilitating copyright infringement

• 在知情下With knowledge

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何謂複製 ?What is copying ?

• 不只限 “複製文本”Not limited to “hard copies”

• 包括電子方法貯存 Includes storage by electronic means– 傳真、掃描、下載至硬磁碟、列印

fax, scan, download to hard disk, print• 包括手抄

includes copying by hand

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複製多少才算侵權 ?When will copying constitute infringement ?

• 整項作品或實質部份Whole or substantial part

• 質與量 Quality & quantity

• 沒有規定的比例 No prescribed %

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(4) 法定允許行為Statutory Permitted Acts

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法定允許行為 ( 一 )Statutory Permitted Acts (1)

必須符合以下條件︰The following conditions must be complied with :(a) 基本考慮因素 Primary consideration

沒有抵觸版權人正常利用作品及亦不損害其合法權益Does not conflict with normal exploitation of work nor prejudice legitimate interest of copyright owner

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法定允許行為 ( 二 )Statutory Permitted Acts (2)

(b) 特定目的 Specific Purposes 研究及私人研習

Research and private study 批評、評論 Criticism, Review 附帶地包括版權材料

Incidental inclusion of copyright material 教育 Education 圖書館、公共行政

Libraries, Public Administration

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特定目的︰研究及私人研習

Specific Purpose : Research & private Study

• 研究者或學生公平處理Fair dealing by researcher or students

• 是否公平就須考慮Whether any dealing is fair depends on–處理的目的 purpose of dealing– 作品的性質 nature of work–處理的量與質 quantity and quality dealt w

ith

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特定目的︰教育 ( 一 ) Specific Purpose : Education (1)

為教學目的For purposes of instruction

– 老師或學生在教學或教學準備過程中複製Copying by teachers or students in the course of instructions or of preparation for instruction

– 在合理範圍內To a reasonable extent

– 不能作機印Not by reprographic means

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特定目的︰教育 ( 二 ) Specific Purpose : Education (2)

為考試目的For purposes of examination

– 擬出試題或解答試題Setting of questions or answering of questions

– 容許複印程序Reprographic process allowed

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特定目的︰教育 ( 三 ) Specific Purpose : Education (3)

為教育機構內的表演For performance in education establishments

-觀眾 - 學生、教師、與活動有關連人士Audience - pupils, teachers, persons connected with activities

-在教育機構的活動過程中由教師或學生表演Performed by a teacher or pupil in the course of the activities of the establishment

-為教學的目的，在教育機構中由任何人表演Performed by any person at the establishment for the purposes of instruction

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特定目的︰教育 ( 四 ) Specific Purpose : Education (4)

為教育機構內進行放映For the playing of work in educational establishments

-在教育機構中放映聲音紀錄、影片 、廣播、有線傳播節目Playing of sound recording, film, broadcast, cable programmes at the educational establishment

-為教學目的For purposes of instruction

-觀眾 - 學生、教師、與活動有關連人士Audience - pupils, teachers, persons connected with activities

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(5) 民事及刑事責任Civil and Criminal Liabilities

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民事責任及補救辦法Civil Liability and Remedies

強制令 Injunctions 交出侵權品 Surrender of infringing c

opies 損害賠償 Damages

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刑事責任 ( 一 )Criminal Liability (1)

沒有有關版權擁有人的特許下Without the licence of copyright owner

製作，輸入，輸出，分發，為任何貿易或業務的目的管有 / 出要約出售或出租Make, import, export, distribute, or possess/offer for sale on line for the purpose of, in the course of, or in connection with trade and business

侵權品，或用作或擬用作製作侵權品Infringing copy or article used or intended to use to make infringing copies

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刑事責任 ( 二 )Criminal Liability (2)

免責辯護 Defence ︰不知道亦無理由相信有關的複製品是版權作品的侵犯版權複製品Did not know and had no reason to believe that the copy in question was an infringing copy of the copyright work

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刑事責任 ( 三 )Criminal Liability (3)

刑罰 Penalty :1. 經營任何版權作品侵權複製品︰罰款 HK$50,000

（每件侵權物）及監禁 4 年 Dealing with infringing copies of any copyright works : fine HK$50,000 (each infringing copy) and 4 years’ imprisonment

2. 經營或管有特定為製作某版權作品的侵權複製品而設計或改裝之物品︰罰款 HK$500,000 及監禁 8 年 Dealing with or possessing an article specifically designed or adapted for making copies of a copyright work : fine HK$500,000 and 8 years’ imprisonment

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侵權行為 ( 互聯網 ) Copyright Infringement (Internet)

通過上載分發侵權品的刑事責任Criminal liability for distributing infringing materials through uploading

民事責任Civil liability

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(6) 互聯網上的知識產權Intellectual Property on theInternet

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版權法 － 侵權行為Copyright - Infringement

包括 Includes :• 複製

Copying• 透過互聯網向公眾提供作品的複製品 Making avail

able of copies of the work to the public through the Internet

• 公開播放Showing of work in public

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允許的行為Permitted acts

包括 Includes ︰• 電腦軟件 － 後備複製品

－ 複製、改編作合法用途Computer software - back-up copy - copying or adapting for lawful use

• 互聯網上瀏覽 －技術需要 －短暫、附帶複製品

Internet Browsing- technical requirement - transient and incidental copy

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超連結Hyperlink

• 獲取版權擁有人的同意Obtain consent from the owner of copyright- 節錄網站的精粹 Extracting from other

websites- 複製網站的商標、圖案 Copying of the t

rademark or logo of other websites- 授權他人作侵權行為 Authorizing other

s to carry out any infringing act- 另一網站包含侵權作品 Infringing item

s in other websites

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域名登記 Domain Name Registrations

• 先到先得First come, first serve

• 冒充 — 欺騙的工具Passing off - tool of deception

• 侵犯商標權Trade mark infringement

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司法管轄權及適用法律 Jurisdiction and applicable laws

• 發生侵權行為之所在地Place where infringing act is carried out

• 伺服器之所在地Place where the server is

• 受害者之所在地Place where the right holder is

• 侵權者之所在地Place where the infringing party is

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要點Points to note

• 適用的法律不僅是香港法律Applicable laws not restricted to laws of Hong Kong

• 外國興訴存在實際問題Practical problems in conducting proceedings in a foreign jurisdiction

• 考慮應否選擇以互聯網為發表的媒介Consider whether Internet should be the selected medium of publication

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討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1)

事實︰ 在小冊子內引用某海外機構於互聯網上發表的調查結果，之後並發放該些小冊子

Facts : To quote in booklets materials from research findings done by overseas organizations which were published on the Internet and subsequently distributes those booklets

法律︰ 侵犯版權 ?

Law : Infringement of copyright ?

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討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1)

注意Points to note:

(a) 版權條例第 37 至 88 條之有關豁免 Exemptions from liability (sections 37-88 of the Copyright Ordinance)(b) 有關網站之使用條款

Terms of use of the websites(c)取得版權擁有人之同意

Specific consent of copyright owner

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討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1)

(a) :版權條例第 37 至 88 條之有關豁免Exemptions from liability (sections 37-88 of the Copyright Ordinance)- 基本考慮因素 - 第 37(3) 條Primary consideration - section 37(3):

• 該項作為並不與版權擁有人對作品的正常利用有所抵觸，以及Not conflict with the normal exploitation of the work by copyright owner; and

• 該項作為並沒有不合理地損害版權擁有人的合法權益Not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of copyright owner

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討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1)

是否引用該調查結果的整項或實質部份 ?Whether a substantial part of the work has been taken?– 質與量

Quantity and the quality– 不能一概而論

No hard and fast rules

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討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1)

想一想︰如只是引用該調查結果其中的一個段落，這會構成侵權行為嗎 ?Think: Would there be infringement if only one paragraph from the publication was quoted?

有這樣的可能，如該段落屬該調查結果的主要部份。May be if that paragraph was a substantial part of the work

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討論個案 ( 一 ) Case Study (1)

(b): 有關網站之使用條款是否准許該作為 ? Is the proposed use permitted by Terms of use o

f the websites ?

(c): 如屬其他情況，應取得版權擁有人之同意If (a) and (b) not applicable, should obtain spe

cific consent of the copyright owner

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討論個案 ( 二 ) Case Study (2)

事實︰如在參考過該些調查結果之後自行撰寫有關文章 ，而不是直接引用該些調查結果，這會構成侵權行為嗎 ?

Facts: Would there be infringement if someone wrote an article after digesting the findings, rather than quoting the materials directly?

If no copying, then no infringement

若果沒有複製，便不構成侵權

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討論個案 ( 三 ) Case Study (3)

事實︰可否使用超連結連結至發表該調查結果的網頁 ?Facts: Can you make a hyperlink to the web sites where the

research findings were published?

– 任何超連結應局限於該網頁的網址Any hyperlink should be restricted to that of the home page of the website

– 任何深度連結應先取得網頁管理員的同意Any deep linking should be done upon the consent of the webmaster being sought

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討論個案 ( 四 ) Case Study (4)

事實︰若果你超連結的網頁包含其他網頁的超連結，並且連結至該些其他網頁的內頁而非首頁的話

Facts: What about if the website that you had hyperlinked to had also hyperlinked to other sites, but such other hyperlinkings were to pages of the websites other than the home page thereof

應查看打算超連結的網頁是否有權超連結至該些其他網頁 Should check with the sites that you wanted to hyperlink to see whether they had the right to so hyperlink to the other sites

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總結Summary

• 合力保護版權Joint effort in copyright protection

• 審慎處理版權作品Be prudent in dealing with copyright works

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知識產權署Intellectual Property Department

http://www.ipd.gov.hk

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謝 謝 Thank you

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問答時間Q & A Session