Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Achieving the Vision: From VII to IntelliDriveSM

2

Achieving the Vision

Original vision for Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII):

Dramatic safety improvements Promise of revolutionary mobility

improvementsAchieved through wireless communication with & between vehicles

This vision remains the same!

3

Achieving the Vision – VIIThe Original PlanInfrastructure was a central prerequisite

Nationwide deployment Extensive number of installations

Why? Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications promised dramatic safety gains

▪ But, it would take 15-20 years for fleet turnover to realize big benefits Infrastructure deployment thru vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) was a way to

get benefits more quickly. Both V2V and V2I required a DSRC radio @5.9GHz in the vehicle and infrastructureSafety messages only used part of the bandwidth. Other applications – mobility & convenience – could also be accommodated with the same DSRC radio.

A sound starting point, but:• Would it work technically?• Could it be practically implemented?

Proof of Concept (POC) Test

4

Achieving the Vision – VII Proof of Concept

Given the assumptions about VII, the proof of concept test focused on: Message exchanges using DSRC at 5.9 GHz Testing of draft DSRC standards “Stub” (partially developed) applications. Did not build or test full applications Small number of cars & only cars V2I-focused because of original assumptions

POC proved that the basic technical concept would work. But could it be practically implemented?

5

Achieving the Vision – Could VII Be Practically Implemented?The Chicken and Egg ProblemWhy should Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) invest without the infrastructure?Without infrastructure, how could benefits be realized quickly?How could infrastructure be deployed?

About 300,000 Roadside Equipment (RSE) needed nationwide to support all envisioned applications.

Could infrastructure be installed quickly? Who will be responsible for operations and maintenance of the RSE? Who would provide the financial investment? How could thousands of jurisdictions be engaged in deployment?

Three Big DilemmasWhat comes first – vehicles or infrastructure?How do we get adequate penetration in the vehicle fleet to realize benefits?How do we deploy the infrastructure?

6

Proliferation of “smartphones” and other personal/mobile computing/communication devices (e.g, Blackberry; iPhone, etc)

Greatly expanded communication capabilities provided by cellular telephone technology (i.e., 3rd Generation or 3G networks supporting text, voice and video data transmission at higher speeds)

Applications capable of providing location-specific information (e.g., GPS-based; cellular-based location services such as shopping, weather, etc)

Data Virtualization – Cloud computing and ubiquitous access

Access to real-time information, search capabilities

In the Meantime – An Explosion of Wireless Technology

7

The vision has not changed – still safety, mobility and convenience through wireless technology

We must determine the optimal pathway (s) to realize the vision

Same Vision – New Pathways

8

Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

9

Safety Applications – The Game Changers

10076%12%

Non-impairedCrashes:Two scenarios

10

Safety Applications: The Game Changers

Research QuestionsWhich comes first – cars or infrastructure?

For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential

Outcome of regulatory assessment may suggest that vehicle installation comes first

11

Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

12

Safety Applications: The Game ChangersResearch QuestionsWhich comes first – cars or infrastructure?

For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential

Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes first

How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit?

Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunities

▪ “Here I Am” messages

▪ Different functionality, and easier to deploy

▪ Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear

13

Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

14

Safety Applications: The Game ChangersResearch QuestionsWhich comes first – vehicles or infrastructure?

For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential

Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes first

How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit? Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, &

power) may offer opportunities▪ “Here I Am” messages▪ Different functionality, and easier to deploy▪ Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear

How do we deploy infrastructure? V2V may not require DSRC wireless connectivity to roadway infrastructure ;

Other wireless communication may be sufficient

Infrastructure may become a spot safety application▪ Signals, curves, other sites

DSRC data can be integrated into mobility applications

15

Roadside Equipment to handle non-DSRC communications

Same Vision – New Pathways

• Does V2V require DSRC Infrastructure?

• If so, how much, where?

• If not, what are other infrastructure requirements?

16

Same Vision – New Pathways

• What is the effectiveness of signal, phase & timing (SPaT) applications?

• Besides SPaT, what are other infrastructure applications?

• What are the infrastructure requirements?

• How is data integrated for mobility applications?

17

Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

18

Same Vision – New Pathways

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

19

Technical Issues: Potential Game ChangersResearch Questions:What are the infrastructure requirements for V2V data security?

Is DSRC required to connect vehicles to infrastructure for data security functionality?

Are other communication technologies adequate?

How much and what type of infrastructure is needed for data security?

Is positioning technology adequate? V2V requires relative positioning; V2I requires absolute positioning

Potential issues between differing GPS manufacturers

Will IntelliDriveSM scale to accommodate all vehicles?

Will DSRC radio channel switching (for safety & non-safety applications) work? Or, will a separate safety radio be required?

Security messages may use significant communication overhead

20

Policy Issues: Evolving Research Needs

PrivacyGovernanceFundingDeployment approachData OwnershipCertificationSustainability,Risk & Liability

21

Not To Lose Sight of Weather & Environment

Weather and Environmental Applications:

All require data from vehicle systems

May NOT require DSRC - Research Question

Will need to transmit data to infrastructure to a data processing entity

What data?

How frequently?

To whom?

For what use?

Research Questions

22

Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

Same Vision – New Pathways

23

Same Vision – New Pathways

24

Summary – VII to IntelliDriveSM

Vision remains the same

New technology developments & research findings give us new pathways to the same vision

DSRC capabilities are essential for safety (V2V & V2I)

DSRC in aftermarket devices may be a way to accelerate benefits

Non-DSRC data can be used now for mobility

Technical issues remain that could be game changers

DSRC for all uses (safety, mobility, weather and environment) may converge over time

We need to hold the vision as research reveals the optimal pathway