Intensive subsistence

Distinctive style of agriculture, practiced in the population concentrations of East and South Asia

What is the most important crop grown in East Asia? Why is it grown in the southern part of this region and not the north?

rice, milder climate

In shifting cultivation, how is the land cleared?

slash and burn

The distinctive type of agriculture practiced in dry lands of less developed countries is

pastoral nomadism.

Distinctive type agriculture practiced in the dry lands of the southwestern United States

livestock ranching

Distinctive agriculture practiced in the U.S. Midwest, from Ohio to Iowa, two most important crops

mixed crops and livestock; corn and soybeans

Distinctive agriculture in the Northeastern United States

dairying

What kind of crops are encouraged to be grown in LDCs to raise money?

luxury crops for export, cash crops, and items for consumption abroad

How did people obtain food before the invention of agriculture?

hunting and gathering

What are the predominant types of agriculture in the different regions of Europe

Northwest – dairying South – MediterraneanEast – grain

About _______ of people in the world are farmers.

two thirds

Wheat is primarily consumed by

humans

Subsistence agriculture is designed mainly to generate food for

survival

Most people in Asia, Africa, and Latin America are __________ farmers.

subsistence

Who is practicing hunting and gathering and where is it happening?

isolated groups in Africa, Australia, and South America

Does shifting cultivation support large population groups in East and South Asia?

no

How much of the world’s milk production do LDCs provide?

very little

Is ranching practiced in LDCs and MDCs in dry lands?

yes

In mixed crops and livestock regions, what are the crops used for?

feed livestock

Is New Zealand a major dairy producing region?

yes

Why are agricultural products being consumed on or off the farm so important?

it is important to determine how the world will be divided into agricultural regions

Describe hunting and gathering.

form of nomadism, live in small groups, all humans obtained their food this way before the invention of agriculture, it is still practiced

Where are hunting and gathering societies located?

isolated places around the world

Origins of agricultural hearths

Northern China, Southeast Asia, South America, Ethiopia

Vegetative planting

cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots

Vegetative planting (originated)

southeast Asia

Seed agriculture originated in

the eastern hemisphere in northern China, western India, Ethiopia

The first group to domesticate animals and use seed agriculture did so in _________ Asia.

southwest

Seed agriculture reached Europe from ____________Asia.

southwest

Why do different agricultural practices arise in different regions?

cultural traits, limited knowledge of alternatives, physical characteristics of the land, climate

Different forms of subsistence farming

intensive, shifting cultivation, pastoral nomadism

Which type of large scale agriculture takes place in LDCs?

plantation

Characteristics of shifting cultivation

swiddens not under cultivation are used for fruit trees, new site designated every few years, land cleared by slashing vegetation, debris is burned to provide nutrients for the soil

Where is shifting cultivation most commonly found?

humid-low latitude

Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of the world’s land area?

shifting cultivation

What type of agriculture is practiced by largest percentage of the world’s people?

intensive subsistence

Why do some people defend shifting cultivation in the tropics?destroys less rain forest than permanently clearing the land, cultural diversity of folk customs, permanently clearing fields and using fertilizers will destroy tropical soil

The 15 million people that are nomads occupy what percentage of the earth’s surface?

20%

The largest percentage of farmers in Asia practice what type of agriculture

intensive subsistence agriculture

Which uses more animal power, shifting cultivation or intensive subsistence agriculture?

intensive subsistence

Asian agriculture is characterized by many shortages, but __________ is not one of them.

labor

Characteristics of growing rice in Asia

transplanting seedlings into flooded fields, flooding the plowed field with water, preparing field with a plow drawn by oxen, growing seedlings in a nursery

What influence does climate have on Northern China?

people in Northern China grow other crops besides wet rice.

Pastoral nomadism - climate

dry

Seasonal migration of livestock

transhumance

double cropping

farmers in southeastern China practice double cropping to increase crop yields

threshing

practice of separating husk from seeds by beating the heads of grain on the ground

Most common form of commercial agriculture in Europe

mixed crop and livestock farming

agribusiness

food production business in the United States

crop rotation

maintain the fertility of the fields

The primary in von Thuen’s model choosing commercial farm products is

market location.

What countries are the world’s leading producers of commercial grain?

the United States, China, Russia and India

After corn, what is the most important crop in the United States mixed crop and livestock region?

soybean

In the winter wheat region, the crop is planted in

autumn and harvested in the summer.

In areas of the world with Mediterranean agriculture, they have ____________ in common.

climate