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8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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INTER-AGENCY CO-OPERATION
IMPROVING CO-OPERATION
BETWEEN TAX AND ANTI-MONEY
LAUNDERING AUTHORITIES
Centre for Tax Policy and Administration
The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflectthe views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian Development
Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent ADBI does not guaranteethe accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsi!ility for any conse"uences
of their use Terminology used may not necessarily !e consistent with ADB official terms
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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Improving In!r-Ag!n"# Co-op!r$ion
Opion I
T$% A&'ori# (IUIn)orm$ion
C&rr!n*# m$n# T$% A+mini,r$ion '$v! ,om! )orm o) $""!,, o
S&,pi"io&, Tr$n,$"ion R!por, STR,. '!*+ /# '! (IU
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Improving In!r-Ag!n"# Co-op!r$ion
Opion II
T$% A&'ori# (IUIn)orm$ion
T'i, R!"omm!n+$ion '$, r!,&*!+ in $n in)orm$ion )*o0 o '! (IU1 in
$ppropri$! "$,!,1 p!r$ining o mon!# *$&n+!ring1 /ri/!r# $n+ "orr&pion1
$n+ !rrori, )in$n"ing2
O"o/!r 34541 '! OECD Co&n"i*6, R!"omm!n+$ion 7to Facilitate Co-
operation between Tax and Other Law Enforcement Authorities to Combat
Serious Crimes8
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Improving In!r-Ag!n"# Co-op!r$ion
Opion III
T$% A&'ori# (IU
Information
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S'$ring S&,pi"io&, Tr$n,$"ion R!por, /# (in$n"i$*
In!**ig!n"! Uni, 0i' T$% A+mini,r$ion,
B$"9gro&n+ B!n!)i, Mo+!*, U,! o) STR,R!"omm!n+$i
on,
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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BAC:GROUND
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P&/*i,'!+ in S!p!m/!r 345;
• B$,!+ on !%!n,iv! ,&rv!# $n$*#,i,
• S!, o& '! r!$* /!n!)i, !%p!ri!n"!+
• Provi+!, $ pr$"i"$* g&i+! o '! mo+!*,
)or ,'$ring STR, $n+ '!
/!n!)i,
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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W'o*! o) Gov!rnm!n Appro$"'
• T'! 7whole of government8 $ppro$"'
• (in$n"i$* In!**ig!n"! Uni, (IU,. $n+ $%
$+mini,r$ion, '$v! ,'$r!+ o/>!"iv!,
• T$% $&'orii!, '$v! $ 9!# ro*! in i+!ni)#ing
$% !v$,ion1 /& $*,o in i+!ni)#ing $n+
r!poring o'!r ,&,p!"!+ ,!rio&, "rim!, ,&"'
$, /ri/!r#1 "orr&pion1 mon!# *$&n+!ring $n+
!rrori,m )in$n"ing2
• R!,pon+ing o '! )*&i+
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W'o*! o) Gov!rnm!n Appro$"'
October 2010, OECD Council’s Recommendation
E,$/*i,' 7$n !))!"iv! *!g$* $n+ $+mini,r$iv! )r$m!0or9
$n+ provi+! g&i+$n"! o )$"i*i$! r!poring /# $%
$+mini,r$ion, o) ,&,pi"ion, o) ,!rio&, "rim!,1 in"*&+ing
mon!# *$&n+!ring $n+ !rrori,m )in$n"ing1 $ri,ing o& o)'! p!r)orm$n"! o) '!ir +&i!,1 o '! $ppropri$!
+om!,i" *$0 !n)or"!m!n $&'orii!,28
Februar 2012, Financial !ction "as# Force $F!"F%
R!vi,!+ '! 7In!rn$ion$* S$n+$r+, on Com/$ing
Mon!# L$&n+!ring1 '! (in$n"ing o) T!rrori,m $n+
Pro*i)!r$ion8 o in"*&+! $% "rim!, o '! *i, o) pr!+i"$!
o))!n"!, o mon!# *$&n+!ring 2
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W'o*! o) Gov!rnm!n Appro$"'
&une 2012, the OECD Rome Re'ort on
Effective (nter)!genc Co)o'eration in
Fighting "a* Crimes and Other Financial
Crimes
R!"omm!n+!+ "o&nri!, "on,i+!r inro+&"ing
r&*!, in"*&+ing *!gi,*$iv! r&*!,. )or $**
$&'orii!, 'o*+ing in)orm$ion r!*!v$n o '!
$+mini,r$ion o) $%!, o m$9! 'i, in)orm$ion$v$i*$/*! o '! $% $+mini,r$ion2
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T$,9 (or"! on T$% Crim!, $n+ O'!r Crim!,
STR Pro>!"
• 345? S&rv!# +$$ ,'o0, $% $&'orii!, $r! o)!n 'in+!r!+ in
'!ir $/i*i# o i+!ni)# $n+ r!por ,!rio&, "rim!, +&! o $ *$"9
o) $""!,,1 or r!,ri"!+ $""!,,1 o STR,
• B$,!+ on +$$ )rom $ +iv!r,! ,! o) 3@ "o&nri!, - A&,r$*i$1
A&,ri$1 B!*gi&m1 C$n$+$1 C'i*!1 Co*om/i$1 D!nm$r91
(in*$n+1 (r$n"!1 G!rm$n#1 Gr!!"! Ir!*$n+1 I$*#1 $p$n1 :or!$1
L$vi$1 M$*$#,i$1 '! N!'!r*$n+,1 N!0 !$*$n+1 Por&g$*1
Sing$por!1 '! S*ov$9 R!p&/*i"1 S*ov!ni$1 Sp$in1 S0!+!n1S0i!r*$n+1 '! Uni!+ :ing+om $n+ '! Uni!+ S$!,2
• :!# $r!$ )or '! OECD T$,9 (or"! on T$% Crim!, $n+ O'!r
Crim!, T(TC.
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A""!,,
80
20
+ with some level of access
Yes
No
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A""!,,
70
30
+ with some level of access for civil matters
Yes
No
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&$*i# o) A""!,,
owever
in m$n# >&ri,+i"ion,1 0'i*! '! /ro$+ *!g$* )r$m!0or9
provi+!, )or '! po,,i/i*i# o $""!,, STR,1 significant
barriers o)!n r!m$in1 0'!'!r legislative or 'rocedural $n+$""!,, i, '!r!)or! *imi!+ in pr$"i"!2
Som!im!, *!g$* g$!0$#, o $""!,, STR, !%i,1 /& '!r! i, no
obligation for the F(- to actuall share ."R information2
Som!im!, access is onl 'rovided on re/uest1 m!$ning '!
$% $+mini,r$ion m&, $*r!$+# '$v! $ "!r$in *!v!* o)
,&,pi"ion in or+!r o $""!,, '! STR in)orm$ion2 In o'!r "$,!,
STR, $r! on*# ,'$r!+ on $ s'ontaneous /$,i,2
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&$*i# o) A""!,,
20
80
+ with direct access
Yes
No
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&$*i# o) A""!,,
60
40
+ reling on s'ontaneous e*change ) criminal
Yes
No
45
55
+ reling on s'ontaneous e*change ) civil
Yes
No
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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BENE(ITS O( SHARING
SUSPICIOUS TRANSACTIONS
REPORTS
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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B!n!)i,
( $ " i * i $ ! + /
# S T R ,
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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Un)!!r!+ A""!,, Mo+!*
.trengths
• M$%im&m po,,i/*! )*!%i/i*i#
• E))i"i!n
• In"r!$,!+ "'$n"! o) ri,9, /!ing
i+!ni)i!+
• (&**!, oppor&ni# )or '! /!n!)i, o) ,'$ring STR, o /!
m$%imi,!+
Challenges
•Po,,i/*! "on)*i",
• N!!+ "*o,! ongoing "o-op!r$ion
/!0!!n '! (IU $n+ '! $%
$+mini,r$ion po,,i/*# 'ro&g'
$n $+mini,r$iv! $gr!!m!n.2
•
T!"'no*ogi"$* "'$**!ng!,• Tr$ining $% o))i"i$*,
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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oin D!"i,ion-M$9ing mo+!*
.trengths
• Si** provi+!, )or $ )&** &,! o) STR,
• Provi+!, r!$,,&r$n"! STR, /!ing
$""!,,!+ "on,i,!n*#
• ($"i*i$!, )or '! ,'$ring o)
!%p!ri,!
Challenges
• R!J&ir!, m&"' "*o,!r
$+mini,r$iv! "o-op!r$ion on $nongoing /$,i, r!*i!, on p!r,on$*
r!*$ion,'ip,.
• Co&*+ /! r!in)or"!+ /# p&ing in
p*$"! $n $+mini,r$iv! $gr!!m!n
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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(IU D!"i,ion-M$9ing Mo+!*
.trengths
• C*!$r *in!, o) r!,pon,i/i*i#
• On"! '! (IU /!"om!, mor!
)$mi*i$r 0i' i+!ni)#ing $% ri,9,
*!,, r!,o&r"!, $r! r!J&ir!+ /# '!
$% $&'ori#
Challenges
• (IU m$# mi,, $% ri,9, *$"9
!%p!ri,! $n+ o'!r $%
in)orm$ion.• H$r+!r )or $% $+mini,r$ion o
i+!ni)# o'!r ,!rio&, "rim!,
• H!*p!+ 'ro&g' r$ining <
,!"on+!!, < STR, on r!J&!,
8/19/2019 Inter-Agency co-operation: Improving Co-operation between Tax and Anti-money Laundering Authorities
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USE O( SUSPICIOUSTRANSACTION REPORTS
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U,! o) STR,
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B$rri!r, o A""!,, $n+
E))!"iv! U,! o) STR,
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RECOMMENDATIONS
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R!"omm!n+$ion,
• .ubect to the necessar safeguards, ta*
administrations should have the fullest 'ossible
access to the ."Rs received b the F(- in their
urisdiction
• &urisdictions should loo# to not onl 'rovide the
legislative framewor# to allow ta* administrationaccess to ."Rs, but also loo# to ensure the
o'erational structure and 'rocedures facilitate the
ma*imum effectiveness in the use of ."Rs
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An# "omm!n, or J&!,ion,K