Upload
brandon-owen
View
218
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
INTER AND SEQUENTIAL
CROPPING (CROP
ROTATION) IN RICE
Next End
RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN INDIA
In rice growing areas several crop combinations (cropping
systems) are in practice based on agro-ecological conditions,
market and domestic needs and facilities available with
farmers, some of the most prominent ones are being discussed
under:
Previous Next End
1. Mixed varietal cropping of rice
2. Intercropping rice with other crops
3. Relay cropping
4. Sequential cropping in rice
5. Rice under integrated farming system
Previous Next End
1. MIXED VARIETAL CROPPING OF RICE
System of mixing seed of early rice (ahu) with late maturing deep
water rice (bao) is being practices in West Bengal to avoid total crop
loss at the event of flood.
The seed of both the types of mixed in 1:1 ratio and has given higher
yield than sole cropping of either type. Similarly growing of a mixture of autumn and winter varieties in
3:1 ratio in Tamil Nadu and Kerala is very much in practice.
However, under normal conditions it has created problems in
performing agricultural operations like harvesting, deciding
fertilizer doses etc
Previous Next End
2. INTERCROPPING RICE WITH OTHER CROPS
It is a common practice under upland conditions in north and
north-eastern part of the country to grow rice intercropped with
black gram, green gram, sesame, maize, finger millet or other
miner millets.
The ratio of rice and inter crop is preferred to be 3-4:1.
Previous Next End
3. RELAY CROPPING
The seed of succeeding crops like lentil, gram, pea, lathyrus,
berseem, linseed etc. is sown broadcast in maturing rice crop.
This practice saves time; money (to be spent on land
preparation etc.) utilizes residual fertility.
This practice is common in both upland and lowland rice
culture.
Previous Next End
4. SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN RICE
Sequential cropping refers to
the crops grown as preceding
or succeeding with rice as
shown below;
Irrigated
conditions
under upland
Rice-Rice-
Rice
Rice-Chickpea
Rice-Rice-
Cereal
Rice-Lentil
Rice-Rice-
Pulses Rice-
Mustard/Linseed
Rice-Wheat-
Pulse
Rice-Barley
Rice-Toria-
Wheat
Rice – Wheat
Rice –
Wheat
Rice – Wheat
Rice –
Mustard
Rice – Pea
Previous Next End
Rice-Fish-Poultry
Rice-Fish-Duckery
In North India where irrigation facilities exist, a number of
cropping systems of crops involving rice are feasible.
After harvest of rice, crops like potato, berseem, toria etc., can
be sown and will fit very well in intensive crop rotations.
In rainfed areas too, where the soils are well drained and have
good moisture retention capacity, legume crops like chickpea,
lentil could be grown.
5. RICE UNDER INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM
Previous Next End
(A) Irrigated Areas-
Rice-wheat
Rice- potato-urd (black gram)
Rice- toria-wheat
Rice- wheat -moong (green gram)
Rice-potato -moong (green gram)
Rice- pea (for pods) -moong (green gram)
Rice-wheat -Jute
Rice- field peas -sugarcane.
Some of the cropping systems are given below
(B) Un-irrigated Areas
Rice- chickpea
Rice- lentil
Rice- field pea
Previous Next End
In case of intensive crop rotations where there are more than
two crops in a year, a paddy variety of early duration should be
selected.
In South India, where the winter temperature is not so low,
double cropping of rice is practised.
In eastern India, in low-lying areas a crop of jute is grown
followed by rice. Some of the cropping systems are as below:
Rice -rice-wheat
Jute -rice-wheat
Rice-maize-jute
Rice- potato-jute
Previous Next End
IN TAMILNADU
The rice is cultivated for a very long time under wet, dry and
garden land ecosystem.
Under dry cultivation, the dry seed was sown either by
broadcasting or dropped in lines after country plough.
It was also sown as mixed crop along with red gram.
This practice is still being followed in Ramanthapuram district.
In Chingleput, Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram the seeds are
sown in dry conditions but subsequently the crop is irrigated
when the tanks get filled up with the onset of monsoon.Previous Next End
It certain parts of North Arcot, South Arcot, Chingleput and
Salem districts, rice is cultivated as a garden land crop under
irrigation.
Some of the rice based cropping patterns being followed in
the in Tamil Nadu are discussed below:-
Previous Next End
Rice - Rice-Rice:
This crop rotation is most suitable for areas having high rainfall
and assured irrigation facilities in summer months, particularly,
in soils which have high water holding capacity and low rate of
infiltration.
In some canal irrigated areas of Tamil Nadu, a cropping
pattern of 300% intensity is followed. In such areas three crops
of rice are grown in a year.
Previous Next End
Rice-Groundnut
This cropping pattern is being followed by the
farmers Tamil Nadu.
After harvesting of rice crop, groundnut is grown in
summer.
Rice fallow cultivation
Rice + Pigeon pea
Rice + green gram (moong bean)
Rice + Black gram, urd bean
Rice + Black gram
Previous