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Primary Examiner-—Leo H. Boudreau Assistant Examiner-Jose L. Couso Tar: mlvE PATTERN easqarca 0 United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 4,926,489 Danielson et a1. [45] Date of Patent: May 15, 1990 ' [54] RETICLE INSPECTION SYSTEM Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Rosenblum, Parish & B ' al ' [75] Inventors: Donald L. Danielson, Palo Alto; “18 up‘ Mark J. Wihl, Tracy; David A. [57] ABSTRACT Joseph’ Santa Cruz’ all of Cahf' An automatic inspection system including an illumina ' , KI q mm - tor for illuminating a reticle or photomask to be in [73] Asslgnee' clam’héalif ems Corponuon’ Santa spected, while optically projecting a magni?ed image of ' the reticle or photomask onto a plurality of detector [21] Appl. No.: 104,740 elements. A carriage assembly moves the object at a . constant velocity to allow the detector elements to [22] F?ed: Oct‘ 5’ 1987 sequentially view the entire surface to be inspected. The _ _ detector elements are responsive to the intensity of light Related '35- Apllhmtlon Data incident thereupon and are periodically scanned to ob [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 891,638, Aug. 1, 1986, tail} a two-dimensional measured repreqentation 9f the which is a continuation of Ser. No. 474,461, Mar. 11, °bJect~ A database adaptor formulates a two-dune“ 1983, abandoned. sional representation from the design database descrip tion corresponding to the scanned object simulta [51] Int. Cl.5 ............................................. .. G06K 9/00 neously and in synchronism with the Scanning of the Us. Cl. .................................. on photomask or reticle. The measured and database , 356/399 adapted representation of the scanned object are input [58] Field of Search ............. .. 356/390, 394, 398, 399, to a Signal processor for alignment and defect detection. 356/400’ 401; 358/106’ 107; 382/8’ 30’ 34 While the representations are shifted through a mem [56] References Cited ory, an alignment circuit dynamically measuresand corrects for nnsahgnment between the representations, U‘S' PATENT DOCUMENTS so that a defect detector can effectively compare the 3,909,602 9/1975 Micka ................................ .. 356/394 representations for defects. Additional correction of 4,213,117 7/1980 Kembo et a1. ...... .. 382/8 misalignment between the representations is obtained 4,240,750 12/1930 Kurtz er al 355/394 by modulating the size of the measured representation 4,247,203 I/ 1981 Levy et al. ............ .. 356/390 as detected by the detector elements- At the operatorrs 4%21‘22 lé/ 381 ct "" " " 323/2; option, a second measured image of a multi-cell reticle ::441:207 4519:: Louglgeedeit "5582311 or photomask may be used for comparison as a substi tute for the database representation. 42 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets F=CCESSCR 65 SYSTEM TIMING FIA INTERFACE CONTROL STATICH MICRO

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P r i m a r yExa m i ner -Leo H .B ou d r ea uA s s i s t a ntExa m i ner -Jos e L.Cou s o Ta r : m lvE P A TTERN ea s qa r ca0 Uni t edSt a t esP a t ent [ 1 9 1 [ 1 1 ] P a t entNu m b er :4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 9D a ni els on eta 1 . [ 4 5 ] D a t eofP a t ent :Ma y1 5 , 1 9 9 0 ' [ 5 4 ] RETICLE INSP ECTION SYSTEMA t t or ney , A g ent , orFi r m -Ros enb lu m ,P a r i s h& B ' a l'[ 7 5 ] Invent or s :D ona ldL.D a ni els on,P a lo A lt o; 1 8 u p Ma r k J.W i h l,Tr a cy ;D a vi dA . [ 5 7 ] A B STRA CT Jos ep h Sa nt aCr u z a llofCa h f ' A n a u t om a t i c i ns p ect i on s y s t emi nclu d i nga n i llu m i na' , KI qm m -t or f or i llu m i na t i ng a r et i cleor p h ot om a s kt ob ei n [ 7 3 ] A s s lg nee' cla m h a li f em sCor p onu onSa nt a s p ect ed ,w h i le op t i ca llyp r oj ect i ngam a g ni ? edi m a g e of' t h er et i cleor p h ot om a s k ont oa p lu r a li t y ofd et ect or[ 2 1 ] A p p l.No. :1 04 , 7 4 0elem ent s . Aca r r i a g ea s s em b ly m ovest h eob j ect a t a. cons t a nt veloci t y t oa llow t h ed et ect or elem ent s t o [ 2 2 ] F? ed :Oct 5 1 9 8 7 s equ ent i a llyvi ewt h e ent i r e s u r f a ce t o b e i ns p ect ed .Th e _ _ d et ect orelem ent sa r e r es p ons i ve t o t h e i nt ens i t yofli g h tRela t ed' 3 5 - A p llh m t lon D a t a i nci d entt h er eu p on a nda r e p er i od i ca llys ca nnedt o ob[ 6 3 ] Cont i nu a t i on-i m p a r tofSer .No.8 9 1 , 6 3 8 ,A u g .1 , 1 9 8 6 , t a i l} at w o-d i m ens i ona l m ea s u r edr ep r eqent a t i on9 ft h e w h i chi s acont i nu a t i on ofSer . No.4 7 4 , 4 6 1 , Ma r . 1 1 , b Ject ~ Ad a t a b a s ea d a p t or f or m u la t es a t w o-d u ne 1 9 8 3 ,a b a nd oned . s i ona l r ep r es ent a t i on f r omt h e d es i g n d a t a b a s e d es cr i pt i oncor r es p ond i ng t ot h es ca nned ob j ect s i m u lt a[ 5 1 ] Int .Cl. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . G06 K 9 /00neou s ly a ndi ns y nch r oni s m w i t ht h eSca nni ng oft h e Us .Cl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .onp h ot om a s kor r et i cle. Th em ea s u r ed a nd d a t a b a s e , 3 5 6 /3 9 9 a d a p t edr ep r es ent a t i on oft h e s ca nnedob j ecta r e i np u t [ 5 8 ] Fi eldofSea r ch . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3 5 6 /3 9 0,3 9 4 , 3 9 8 , 3 9 9 , t o aSi g na l p r oces s orf ora li g nm enta ndd ef ectd et ect i on.3 5 6 /4 004 01 ; 3 5 8 /1 06 1 07 ; 3 8 2 /8 3 0 3 4 W h i le t h er ep r es ent a t i ons a r es h i f t ed t h r ou g ha m em[ 5 6 ] Ref er encesCi t ed or y , a na li g nm ent ci r cu i t d y na m i ca lly m ea s u r es a ndcor r ect sf ornns a h g nm entb et w een t h e r ep r es ent a t i ons ,U S'P A TENT D OCUMENTSs ot h a t a d ef ect d et ect or ca nef f ect i vely com p a r e t h e 3 , 9 09 , 6 02 9 /1 9 7 5 Mi cka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3 5 6 /3 9 4 r ep r es ent a t i ons f or d ef ect s . A d d i t i ona lcor r ect i onof4 , 2 1 3 , 1 1 7 7 /1 9 8 0Kem b o eta 1 . . . . . . .. . 3 8 2 /8 m i s a li g nm ent b et w eent h er ep r es ent a t i ons i s ob t a i ned4 , 2 4 0, 7 5 01 2 /1 9 3 0Ku r t zera l3 5 5 /3 9 4 b ym od u la t i ngt h e s i z eoft h e m ea s u r edr ep r es ent a t i on 4 , 2 4 7 , 2 03 I/ 1 9 8 1 Levyeta l. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3 5 6 /3 9 0a sd et ect edb yt h e d et ect orelem ent s -A tt h e op er a t or r s4 % 2 1 2 2 l / 3 8 1 ct " "" " 3 2 3 /2 ; op t i on,as econdm ea s u r edi m a g e ofam u lt i -cell r et i cle ::4 4 1 :2 07 4 5 1 9 ::Lou g lg eed ei t " 5 5 8 2 3 1 1 orp h ot om a s k m a yb e u s edf orcom p a r i s on a s as u b s t it u t e f ort h e d a t a b a s e r ep r es ent a t i on.4 2Cla i m s ,1 3D r a w i ngSh eet sF=CCESSCR 6 5 SYSTEM TIMING FIAINTERFA CE CONTROL STA TICHMICRO US.P a t ent Ma y1 5 , 1 9 9 0Sh eet10f1 3 4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 9I-_________________ _ ___ _I I9 8 9 4 1 02 I -. TA P E D RIV E1 0\ D ISC D RIvE\ RIA MICRO \ MEMORYI I. P ROCESSOR I Is eqI II Il IP A TTERNP A TTERN; B IT MA P D IGITA L s cA NSTA GEI IMEMORYGENERA TORMEMORYCONV ERTER MONITORI IIIlI I1 04 1 06 1 08 1 1 2 1 1 0 I ' I I2 6 L |, _ ___ _ __ . . . . _ . __. _ . . _ _ . . _ ____ . .I5 6 _ \ H IA INTEH FA CE6 8 SYSTEM TIMINGI CONTROL 1 I I6 0x1 IEFT P IX EL~ D EFECTI LL; 1 MEMORY j *A NA LYSEFII III5 8 IL -@ 1 5 1 1 I6 3 I FOCUSD ETECTORD ETECTOR6 g ) 1 1 H ECCCIIP O' NI I5 2 /4 8 /" s o7 4 6 6 /II I4 Y D RIvE1IYJ4 2 5 7 8 \ STA GEINSP ECTION 7 O8 6 I 4 P OSITION I4 X 3 /SENSORSTA TION/MMUA LI Ia _ MICRO- OONIP OL$|9 0 | 3 6 2 4 3 8 3 2 7 2 ROCESSOR-r P RINTER /I I' Iw -, I 2 8 7 6 I1, KEY3 4 I . FLOP P YTA P E I3 0/1 ID Is CCA SSETTEB OA RD I I I4 0I7 8 0I, 8 2 I CRT | 2 2 IILLUMINA TORI2 0D ISP LA Y8 8 I I_ _ _ _ _ _ L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______ _ _ _ I US.P a t ent Ma y1 5 , 1 9 9 0Sh eet2of1 3 4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 9FIG. 2JLJJLJULJ US.P a t ent _ _ Ma y _ 1 5 , 1 9 9 0Sh eet8of1 3 4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 9STA TE AFIG. IO / 2 1 4 LEx/Lw X /REw Rw x/B A DUS.P a t ent Ma y1 5 , 1 9 9 0Sh eet1 0 of1 3 4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 9S0 S0 3 9LEFT P IX ELS RIGH T P IX ELS 6 _ 2 _SEG X EGCID H D MRA EA m m AGB LERE 1 A D LL S W UETNu m 3UEH m T1 | Ill LRRGFDOOGW A EA .CEA EEG 2 EE. l I. m m Em :E05 F AG. 0E2 3 00 0P $5 06I$3 2 :x5 2 2 :9 1 ;F 43 27 Ta n31 N EX 5STMH 5 ST H NTNX GGA 6 W W mH UM. ENM L A B M LA2 2 3 '$9" LFIG. I4US.P a t ent Ma y1 5 , 1 9 9 0Sh eet1 1of1 3 4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 9ERROR TEST.B EGIN A T TH E ENDOF SCA N il[ 2 4 0 UYP E =NYES *lNYES/ NYTS UYNE =-NYES *lNYES/ -NYTS YESYES 2 4 6 ] 'IFSTA GEREA DYEM.NYTS,GDD EEECST' OEQ? SET -YSKEWFLA G _ RESET COUNTERS STA RT SCA N 1 +1GO TO A CC UP D A TE REA DYEM.NYTS. GDSET -Y SKEWFLA G RESET COUNTERS STA RT SCA N H1GO TO A CC.UP D A TE , 2 6 2 7UX P E =NX ES+ /NX ES/ -NX TS UX NE :-NX ES+ /NX ES/ -NX TS YES YFTSX P EO l-UX P EaO?2 7 4 2 6 8 7SET -XSKEWFLA G X SKW=X SKW 0 +1SET -xSKEWFLA G xSKw |= X SKW O -1 " l, I /' 2 7 0 /X SKW ,l5 . 72 7 2 1RESET COUNTERS STA RT SCA N1 +1GO TO A CC. UP D A TEFIG. I5aUS.P a t ent Ma y1 5 , 1 9 9 0Sh eet1 30f1 3 4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 9s eq MULTIP LIER P IX ELs Iz ESELECTOR 2 8 6 w , 2 8 8 z g a o X ' A m 2 9 2 P H A SE-LOCKED 5 5 5 5 K ' ENCOD ER) -MULTIP LIER,+FM-FM ENA B LE P IX EL I cLoL, Kl2 9 4 ] 2 9 6NA 2 9 3 ;FROM INSP ECTIONSCA LEEB LE STA TIOND IRECTION~ INCXP ROCESSORCOMP ENSA TOHD ECOD ER EX CESSD ECX6 8 M-_ _ _ E -_ EX D IR COUNTER P IX ELN _ w Gs+w*m 1 GGGG EB GGB( 0)FIG. I?4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 91RETICLE INSP ECTION SYSTEM Th i sa p p li ca t i on i s acont i nu a t i on-i n-p a r tofUS.p at ent a p p li ca t i onSer . No. 8 9 1 , 6 3 8 ? led A u g . 1 , 1 9 8 6 ,w h i chi s acont i nu a t i on ofSer . No.4 7 4 , 4 6 1 ? ledMa r .1 1 , 1 9 8 3( nowa b a nd oned ) .B A CKGROUNDOF TH E INV ENTION A .Fi eldoft h e Invent i on Th i si nvent i on r ela t est o ob j ecti ns p ect i on a p p a r a t u s ,a ndm or e p a r t i cu la r ly ,t o a n a u t om a t i c r et i cle i ns p ect i on s y s t emw h i chu t i li z esa n a d va nceda li g nm entt ech ni qu e ca p a b le ofd et ect i ng d ef ect s i nV LSI r et i cles b ycomp a r i s on t o as t or edd a t a b a s e.B .D es cr i p t i on oft h e P r i orA r tA u t om a t i c ob j ecti ns p ect i on s y s t em st h a tu s e a n obj ect com p a r i s onf a u lt d et ect i ont ech ni qu eh a veb een d es cr i b edi n t h e li t er a t u r e f ors om e t i m e a ndh a ve b een com m er ci a llya va i la b le f oranu m b erofy ea r s .Th e t echni qu e g ener a lly i nvolvess ca nni ngt h e ob j ectt ob e i n s p ect edw i t ha n elect r o-op t i ca l orot h erp i ck-u pd evi ce a ndd evelop i nga n i m a g e~ li ke ( b i t -m a p ) elect r oni c r epr es ent a t i onoft h e ob j ect s oacom p a r i s on t oaknow n g ood elect r oni cr ep r es ent a t i on( b i t -m a p or d a t a b a s e)ca n b e m a d e.Th e know n g oodelect r oni cr ep r es ent at i onca nb eob t a i ned b y s i m u lt a neou s ly s ca nni ng aknow n g oodob j ecti n s y nch r oni s mw i t ht h e s ca nni ngoft h e ob j ectofu nknow n qu a li t yt o d evelopt h e b i t -m a p ,orb yu s i ng ap r evi ou s ly s t or ed elect r oni cr ep r es ent at i on ( ei t h erb i t ~ m a pord a t a b a s e)ofaknow n g oodobj ect .In b ot hoft h e a b ove com p a r i s on t ech ni qu es ,t h e f a u ltd et ect i onm et h od cons i s t s ofloca t i ng d i f f er ences b e t w een t h ecom p a r edob j ect s . To a ccu r a t ely d et er m i ne f a u lt s ,t h e s y s t emm u s tr eg i s t erora li g n t h e t w o ob j ect s ,or elect r oni cr ep r es ent a t i ons of t h eob j ect s , p r i or t o com p a r i s on,s o t h a td i f f er encesca u s edb ya ct u a l f a u lt s ,a sop p os edt o d i f f er encesm er elyca u s edb ym i s r eg i s t r at i on, ca n b e d et ect ed . A ccor d i ng ly , t h equ a li t y oft h e r eg i s t r a t i oni nt h es es y s t em s li m i t s t h eover a llp er f orm a nce ors ens i t i vi t y oft h e s y s t emt o a ct u a l f a u lt s , t h a ti s , t h e s y s t emca nnotb e s o s ens i t i ve t h a ti t d et ect sm i sr eg i s t r a t i on er r or s .Si m i la r ly ,t h e a b i li t yoft h e s y s t emt o d et ectver ys m a ll f a u lt si sa ls o d et er m i nedb yt h e s p a t i a l r es olu t i onoft h ep i ck-u p m et h od . Inot h er w or d s , t o d et ect ver y s m a llf a u lt s , t h es p a t i a lr es olu t i onoft h e s y s t emm u s tb e ver yh i g h .Inp r a ct i ce, s y s t em s w i t h h i g h s p a t i a lr es olu t i on,w h i ch a r eu s ed t oi ns p ect ob j ect s occu p y i ng a la r g e s u r f a ce a r ea , m u s tp r oces sd a t aa th i g h s p eed si nor d ert o com p let e t h e i ns p ect i on i n ar ea s ona b le a ndp r a ct i ca l a m ou ntoft i m eb eca u s eoft h ela r g evolu m eofd a t a .Fu r t h er m or e, s u chh i g hs p a t i a lr es olu t i ons y s t em s a r e m or eli kely t ob ea f f ect ed b y m i s r eg i s t r a t i oner r or sca u s edb yt h e m ech a ni ca l na t u r e oft h e p i ck-u pd evi ce;s m a lld i f f er ences i ns p a t i a ld i s t or t i on, vi b r a t i on, r ot at i on, d i s p la cem ent , t h er m a lef f ect s , a nd s i m i la r p r oblem s ca nr es u lt i ns i g ni ? ca nt m i s r eg i s t r a t i oner r or sw h en t h e t w o ob j ect sa r e com p a r ed .Su chm i s r eg i s t r at i oner r or s m u s tb econt r olled or com p ens a t ed f or i n or d erf oras y s t emt o p r ovi d e h i g hp er f or m a nce.In t h e i nt eg r a t edci r cu i ti ns p ect i on s y s t emd es cr i b edb yMi ckaU. S. P a t . No. 3 , 9 09 , 6 02 , a nop t i ca ls ca nnerw i t ha2 . 5m i cr on s p ots i z e i su s edt o s ca n at y p i ca l ch i p ,h a vi ng 0. 2 i nch ,b y 0. 2 i nch s u r f a ced i m ens i ons . Th e u nknow n d evi ce i s s ca nneda ndt h er es u lt i ng s i g na li scom p a r edw i t haknow n g oods i g na l. Th e know n g ood1 52 0 2 54 0 4 52s i g na l i s ei t h erg ener a t edb ys i m u lt a neou s lys ca nni ngaknow n g oodd evi ce,orb yr ep la y i ngas t or edr ep r es en t a t i on w h i chh a sb een p r evi ou s lyob t a i nedb ys ca nni ngaknow n g oodd evi ce.Cr ea t i ngas t or edr ep r es ent a t i on s u ch a s i s t a u g h t i nMi cka , w ou ld t y p i ca lly r equ i r e 4 X1 06d a t aw or d sa ndw ou ldt y p i ca llyr equ i r e r ea d i nga tar a t e ofles st h a n 6 00 KH Z.Mi ckas u g g es t st h a tt h i sa p p a r a t u sm a yb e u s edt o i ns p ects om e d evi cesorp h o t om a s ks .Mi ckat ea ch esam et h odf or? nelya d j u s t i ngt h e p h y si ca l p os i t i on oft h e d evi ce ord evi cesb ei ngs ca nnedf ort h e p u r p os e ofs t a t i c r eg i s t r a t i on. Mi ckap oi nt sou tt h a tap oi nt -b y -p oi nt com p a r i s on w ou ldnotb e s a t i s f a ct or yb eca u s eof m i s a li g nm ent s t h a t m i g h t occu r . Th u s ,Mi ckat ea ch es a com p a r i ng s y s t em w h i chu s es m a nys p ot si n anei g h b or h ood ,w i t hacr os s -cor r ela t i on t echni qu e, t op r ovi d e h i g h ers ens i t i vi t y t h a n w ou ldb e obt a i na b le w i t has i m p le p oi nt -b y -p oi ntm et h od .One d i sa d va nt a g et ot h i s s y s t em i s t h a t i t d ep end s ons t a t i c p os i t i oni ng f or r eg i s t r a t i ona nd p r ovi d es no m ea nsb yw h i cht od y na m i ca lly com p ens a t ef or r eg i s t r a t i onerr or s , ot h ert h a n p r ovi d i ngad et ect i on m et h odw h i chi ss om ew h a tr es i s t a ntt or eg i s t r a t i on er r or s .A not h erd i s a d va nt a g e t o t h i ss y s t emi s t h a tr ed u ci ngt h e s ca nni ngs p ots i z e ( s u cha st o 0. 5 m i cr ons )ors ca n ni ng ob j ect s w i t h la r g er s u r f a ces ( s u ch a s 0. 5 X 0. 5i nch es )w h en i ns p ect i ngV LSI d evi ces , p h ot om a s ksorr et i cles ca n r es u lt i n as t or edd a t avolu m e r equ i r em entg r ea t er t h a n6 X1 08 w or d s , a nd r equ i r ea d a t a r a t e g r ea t ert h a n 6MH Z,j u s tt o com p let e t h e i ns p ect i on i n ar ea s ona b le a m ou ntoft i m e.A ch i evi ngt h i sd a t avolu m e a nd d a t a r a t ei s not p r a ct i ca lw i t hp r es ent ly a va i la b le s t or a g em ed i a . H ence, t h et ech ni qu ed es cr i b ed b yMi ckai s not p r a ct i ca lf or t h ei ns p ect i onofV LSI d e vi ces . Evencom m oncom p r es s i onm et h od s s u ch a sr u n-leng t hencod i ngorD P CM w i ll p r od u ce onlya2 Xt o3 X com p r es s i on i nt h i s t y p eofa p p li ca t i on, w h i chs t i llr es u lt si n exces s i ve d a t avolu m e.A n a d d i t i ona ld i s a d va nt a g eoft h ea p p a r a t u s t a u g h tb yMi ckai s t h a t t h eknow n g oodd evi ce m u s t? r s tb e i ns p ect edb yot h erm ea nsa ndcer t i ? ed t ob e g oodb e f or e i t ca n b e u s eda s am a s t er . Ah u m a n op er a t orca n i ns p ectla r g erd evi cesb ym ea nsofam i cr os cop e,b u tt o i ns p ectV LSI d evi ces ,w i t hs i d esa ss m a ll a s0. 5 i nch es ,b ys u ch m ea ns , w ou ldr equ i r em i cr os cop em a g ni ? cat i ona s h i g ha s lOOOX . A t lOOOX m a g ni ? ca t i on, ea ch? eld -of -vi ew w ou ldb eext r em ely s m a ll, a nd a s m a ny7 6 2 , 000 ? eld s -of -vi eww ou ldb e r equ i r edt o exa m i ne t h e 6 5w h oled evi ce. Th e u s eofh u m a n op er a t or s f or s u chi ns p ect i onsh a sp r oven t o p r od u ce s i g ni ? ca nt op er a t orer r or sa ndf a t i g u e.A n a lt er na t ea p p r oa chi s t oelect r i ca lly t es t t h ed e vi ce,w i t hcer t i ? ca t i on d ep end enton t h e d evi ce p a s s i ngt h e t es t . Nota llf a u lt yd evi cesw i ll b e d et ect edb yelec t r i ca lt es t i ng b eca u s e s om e p r oces s er r or s d o notp r o d u ce i m m ed i a t e f a i lu r es .Fa u lt ycer t i ? ca t i on oft h e m a st erca n r es u lti n even g r ea t erp r ob lem sw h en a p p li edt o cer t i f y i ng V LSI d evi ces . Inor d er t oelect r i ca lly t es td evi ces , t h ed evi ces m u s t? r s t b e f a b r i ca t ed , a ndt h en elect r i ca llyt es t ed .Af a b r i ca t edd evi ce t h a tp a s s esa? r s tt i m e-t es t m a ya ct u a lly b eg ood , b u t t h ed evi cecou lda ls oh a vea h i d d en d ef ect t h a t w ou ldnotb eexp os edu nt i lla t er . Ift h e d evi ce f a i ls , t h e f a u lt m a yb e d u e t oap h ot om a s k orr et i clef a u lt , ors om e ot h erp r oces sf a u lt .W h en ad evi ce f a i ls , t h er e m a yb e no w a yt o d et er m i ne w h i chi st h e a ct u a l ca u s e.Th i sm et h odofcer t i ? ca t i on i sp oora tb es ta ndr es u lt si nacons i d er a b le w a s t e oft i m e a ndm oney . Th u s , t h ei na b i li t y t oa ccu r a t ely cer t i f y a4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 9V LSI d evi cep r i or t ou s a g eoft h eMi cka a p p a r a t u sp r ovest o b e as i g ni ? ca ntd i s a d va nt a g e.As olu t i ont ot h i s p r ob lemw a sof f er ed b yKr y g er ,US.P a t . No. 4 , 2 1 8 , 1 4 2 , w h er ei na na p p a r a t u s i s d e s cr i b ed i nver yg ener a l t er m sw h i chcom p a r esa n u n know np h ot om a s kt oa nelect r oni cr ep r es ent a t i on s t or ed i na h i g h -s p eed m em or yd evi ce. H ow ever , i n Kr y g er ,t h e m em or yd evi ce onlys t or esas m a ll p or t i on oft h e t ot a lelect r oni cr ep r es ent a t i ona ndm u s tb e s u c ces s i vely r eloa d edb yt h e com p u t erw i t ht h e nexts ec t i ona f t er ea ch a p p li ca b lep or t i onofp h ot om a s kh a sb een i ns p ect ed .Ad i s a d va nt a g e t o t h i sa p p r oa chi s t h a tas i g ni ? ca nta m ou ntoft i m e m u s tb e s p entr eloa d i ngt h e m em or yd evi ce f r omt h e r ela t i velys lowcom p u t er .Th e t i m ed i s a d va nt a g ew ou ldb ep a r t i cu la r ly a cu t ew h en i ns p ect i ng s i ng le-d i eor m u lt i -d i er et i cles w h er ef ewr ep et i t i onsoft h e d i e p a t t er n exi s t , a ndw h er e la r g e d i e a nds m a llp i xels i z es m u s tb e u s ed , r es u lt i ng i naver yla r g ed a t a b a s es i z e, s u ch a s 6 > < l08 w or d s . Th u st h e Kr y g ert ech ni qu e a p p a r ent lyp r ovi d esas lowa ndi nef ?ci entp r oces sf ori ns p ect i ngV SLI p h ot om a s ksa ndr et icles .Th e ob j ecti ns p ect i on a p p a r a t u sd es cr i b edb yLloy deta l, US.P a t .No.3 , 9 1 6 , 4 3 9 ,u s esaTVca m er a ,a st h e op t i ca l p i cku pd evi ce,t o com p a r e t h e TVi m a g e oft h e u nknow n d evi ce w i t hap r evi ou s lys t or edi m a g e f r omaknow n g oodd evi ce.Th e com p a r i s on t ech ni qu e u s est h e p oi nt -b y -p oi nt m et h od , a ndt h es y nch r oni z a t i ont ech, ni qu e u s esli ne-b y -li ne t i m i ngoft h e TVca m er at o obt a i ncor r es p ond i ngd a t af r omt h e s t or a g ed evi ce. One d i s a d va nt a g e oft h i st y p e ofs y s t emi s t h a tt h e s y nch r o ni z a t i onm et h od , com p a r i s onm et h od a nd s t or a g e m et h oda r e notp r a ct i ca lf orh i g hr es olu t i on la r g e a r eaa p p li ca t i ons li keV LSIp h ot om a s ks a nd r et i cles , f orm a nyoft h e s a m e r ea s onsd i s cu s s eda b ove.Th e ob j ecti ns p ect i ona p p a r a t u sd es cr i b edb yKu r t zeta l, U. S.P a t .No.4 , 2 4 0, 7 5 0,u s esala s ers ca nnera st h e op t i ca lp i ck-u p m et h odf or t h ep u r p os eofi ns p ect i ngp r i nt ed ci r cu i t p a r a m et er s . Inoneem b od i m ent , t h e a p p a r a t u sm ea s u r est h e a ng u la rp os i t i on ofa lea d w i r e a ndt h en com p a r est h a tp os i t i on w i t had es i r edp os i t i on.Th i st ech ni qu e i s nota p p li ca b let ot h e t y p e ofi ns p ec t i ond i s cu s s edh er ei n. As econdem b od i m enti s s i m i la rt o t h e t y p e ofob j ecti ns p ect i on t ech ni qu esd es cr i b edb yA p p li ca nt . Int h i s em b od i m ent , t h ep r i nt ed ci r cu i tb oa r d t ob ei ns p ect ed i s s ca nned w i t h a r ect a ng u la rr a s t ert y p e s w eepw i t has p ots i z e ofa b ou t 1 . 5 m i ls( 3 7m i cr ons )a ndat y p i ca l a r eaof3X3 i nch es ,r es u lt i ngi n a b ou t4 x1 06d a t ap oi nt s .Th e know n g oodb oa r di s? r s ts ca nneda ndt h e r es u lti ngelect r oni c r ep r es ent a t i on i s s t or edi n am em or y .A n u nknow n b oa r d i s t h ens ca nned w h i les i m u lt a neou s lycom p a r i ngt h e elect r oni c r ep r es ent a t i on w i t ht h e s t or edr ep r es ent a t i on. Fa u lt s a r eloca t ed b y p er f or m i ng ap oi nt -b y -p oi ntcom p a r i s on oft h e t w o elect r oni c r ep r e s ent a t i ons .Th e s y nch r oni z a t i on m et h oda p p li edm er elycons i s t s oft h e s ca nnerp os i t i ona ndm em or yb ei nga dd r es s ed f r om t h es a m ecou nt er . Th u s , r eg i s t r a t i oni ss t a t i ca lly a ccom p li s h edb yi ns u r i ng t h a t t h eu nknow n b oa r di s p os i t i oned i nt h e s a m e p os i t i ona s t h e know n g oodb oa r d ,w h en i t w a ss ca nned .Th e d i s a d va nt a g est o t h i s s y s t em , w h en ext end edt o t h e i ns p ect i onofV LSI p h ot om a s ksorr et i cles ,a r e t h e s a m e a st h os e m ent i onedi n t h e p r evi ou sp a r a g r a p h sr eg a r d i ngt h e Mi ckaa p p a r at u s .Th e ob j ecti ns p ect i on a p p a r a t u sd es cr i b edb yLevyeta l,US.P a t .Nos .4 , 2 4 7 , 2 03a nd4 , 3 4 7 , 001 ,i su s edf ort h e i ns p ect i onofp h ot om a s ks u s ed i nt h em a nu f a ct u r eof2 0 2 53 0 3 54 0 4 55 0 5 56 54s em i -cond u ct ord evi ces . Th es e a p p a r a t u s loca t ef a u lt si nt h ep h ot om a s k b y s i m u lt a neou s ly com p a r i ng a d j acent d i eont h ep h ot om a s ka nd loca t i ng d i f f er ences .B eca u s e aknow n g oodd i ei s not u s edi nt h i s t y p eofi ns p ect i on, onlyr a nd omf a u lt s ca n b e loca t ed , t h er eb ylea vi ng r ep ea t i ng f a u lt s s t i llp r es ent . Fu r t h er m or e,Levys t a t est h a tno s t or a g e m et h odi s i nclu d ed , d u e t o t h e la r g e d a t avolu m e t h a tw ou ldb e r equ i r ed .Th e a p p a r a t u s d es cr i b ed i nLevyi s d es i g ned t ob e ca p a b leofloca t i ng 1 . 2 5 m i cr onf a u lt s . Levyd i s clos e t h a tt h e m ech a ni ca l t oler a ncesofs u chah i g hs ens i t i vi t y_ i ns p ect i on s y s t em ,i m p er f ect i onsi n t h e p h ot om a s k,a ndop er a t or m i s a li g nm ent oft h ep h ot om a s k t ob et es t edca n ca u s e t h e s ca nnedi m a g est o b e s li g h t lym i s a li g ned .Th i sm i s a li g nm entch a ng esw i t ht i m e d u r i ngt h e i ns p ec t i on a ndw i t ht h e p os i t i on oft h e m a s k.Unles st h e m i sa li g nm entca n b e com p ens a t edf ororp r ed i ct ed ,d ef ect ss m a llert h a n t h e m i s a li g nm entca nnotb e d et ect ed .In or d ert o cor r ecta nym i s a li g nm ent ,Levyd i s clos esa n a li g nm entm et h odcons i s t i ng ofah i g h -s p eed m emor y ,w h i chca n b e u s edt o d ela yt h e elect r oni c r ep r es en t a t i ons f r om t h et w od i eb ei ng com p a r ed r ela t i vet o ea chot h ert oef f ect ad y na m i c ch a ng e i nt h e r eg i s t r at i on, a ndad y na m i c a li g nm enter r ord et ect i on m et h od ,t od et er m i new h en a r eg i s t r a t i onch a ng eneed s t ob e m a d e.Si nce t h e ob j ect st o b e i ns p ect eda r e loca t edon t h es a m ep la t e, m a ny of t h em i s r eg i s t r a t i oner r ors ou r cesa r e com m on t o t h e d et ect i on s y s t em ,a nda f f ectb ot hd i e,s u cha ss t a g e vi b r a t i on,s t a g e veloci t ych a ng es ,p la t er ot a t i on, et c. Th er ea r ea ls oa d d i t i ona ler r ors ou r ces w h i ch a r enot com m on t ob ot h d i e, s u ch a sr ela t i vevi b r a t i on oft h e t w o op t i ca l p i ck-u p u ni t s ( obj ect i ves ) ord i e r u n-ou tp r es enton t h e p la t e.Th e a li g nm entm et h odt a u g h tb yLevyu s esp a t t er nsw i t h i n t h ed i ef or er r ori nf or m a t i ona ndi s ca p a b leofd y na m i ca llyd et ect i nga ndcor r ect i ng :1p i xelofm i sa li g nm entoverat ot a l r a ng e of:I: 8p i xels .H ow ever ,t h e m et h odi s li m i t edt o onlys lowm ovi ngm i s a li g nm ent s .In a d d i t i on, a si s s t a t edi n t h e d i s clos u r e, t h e a li g nm entm et h odca nnotm a i nt a i n p r op era li g nm entw h en t h er e i sno p a t t er n i nf or m a t i on on t h e p la t e f orla r g e d i s t a nces ,ori ft h er e a r e s u d d en ch a ng esi n r eg i s t r a t i on a sm i g h tb e encou nt er edw i t ha s t ep p i nger r oron ap a r t i cu la r d i e.Th e over a ll s ens i t i vi t yoft h e a p p a r a t u si s p r es er ved -b yt h e i nclu s i on ofad et ect i on m et h odw h i chca n,t o s om e ext ent ,t oler a t e t h e a b ove m ent i oneds i t u a t i ons ,a sm i g h tb e encou nt er edon p h ot om a s ks .One d i s a d va nt a g et ot h es y s t em t a u g h t b y Levyi st h a tt h er e i s no m ea nsf orloca t i ngr ep ea t i ngd ef ect sorf ori ns p ect i ngs i ng le d i e r et i cless i nce t h er e i snot h i ngt o com p a r e a g a i ns t . W i t ht h e excep t i onofKr y g er , i na ll p r evi ou s ly m ent i onedp r i or a r t , a know n g oods t or edr ep r es ent a t i onm u s t a lr ea d y exi s t f or t h er et ob ea nyt h i ngf ort h e s y s t emt o u s e f orcom p a r i s on. Com b i ni nga nyoft h e s t or edd a t am et h od st a u g h tb yMi cka ,Ku r t z ,orLloy d ,a ndeven t h a tt a u g h tb yKr y g er ,t o t h e a p p ar a t u st a u g h tb yLevyw ou ldr equ i r e s u b s t a nt i a l r ed es i g n oft h e com b i neds y s t em sw h i chi s nei t h ers u g g es t ednort a u g h t b y a ny oft h er ef er ences . Su cha com b i na t i on w ou ldnotb e a b le t o a ccom m od a t e t h e h i g hd a t avol u m e ( a sd es cr i b edea r li er )a ndt h e even h i g h erd a t ar a t e r equ i r em ent s( a sh i g ha s2 0 MH z )ofas y s t ema na log ou s .t ot h e p r es enti nvent i ons .Fu r t h er m or e,even i fi t w er e p os s i b let op r od u cet h es t or ed r ep r es ent a t i ona t t h e r equ i r ed ,d a t a r a t e, t h ea li g nm ent m et h od t a u g h t b yLevyw ou ldb e f a r t ooi na d equ a t et om a i nt a i np r op era li g nm ent b et w eent h es t or ed r ep r es ent a t i ona nd t h e ob j ectb ei ngs ca nned .4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 95Th ea li g nm ent s y s t em t a u g h t b y Levy ca nnot b e ef f ect i velyext end edt o m a ke acom p a r i s on ofap h ot o m a s k orr et i cle w i t has t or edr ep r es ent a t i on.Su chau s e w ou ldnotb e p os s i b leb eca u s e t h er es u lt i ng m i s a li g n m ent er r or s t h a t w ou ld exi s t w ou ldb et oog r ea t i n nu m b er ,a nda lloft h e er r or st h a tt h e t w o d i e f or m er lyh a d i ncom m on, s u ch a s s t a g eveloci t y er r or s , s t a g e vi b r a t i on, op t i ca l p i ck-u pvi b r a t i on, r ot a t i on, a ndt h erm a lexp a ns i on, w ou ld only b ea p p li ca b let ot h eu n know n d i e.Th u s ,t h e a li g nm ents y s t emw ou ldnotonlyh a ve i ns u f f i ci ent er r ord et ect i on ca p a b i li t y , b u tw ou lda ls o h a ve i ns u f f i ci entr es p ons i venes s .In a d d i t i on, s i nce5 > < a nd 1 0X r et i cles , ort h eli ke,h a ve s i g ni ? ca nt lyla r g erp a t t er nst h a n a1 Xp h ot om a s k,la r g e a r ea soft h e p la t em a ycont a i n no p a t t er n. W h en t h er e i s no p a t t er non t h e p la t e, t h ea li g nm ents y s t emca nnott r a ck t h ea li g nm ent . Th u s ,w h en t h e p a t t er n i sa g a i n encou nt er ed ,t h e a li g nm enter r orm a yb e b ey ondt h e r a ng e oft h e er r ord et ect i on m et h oda ndt h e a li g n m ents y s t em , a ndm a ynot h a ves u f ? ci ent r es p ons i ve nes s t op r event d et ect i onofa ny f a u lt s s olely d u et o m i s r eg i s t r a t i on. Fu r t h er m or e, a next ens i onoft h ed e s cr i b edt ech ni qu e t o:8p i xelsw ou ldr equ i r e u pt o5 0 t i m esm or e com p u t a t i on,t h er eb ym a ki ngt h e s y s t emt oo com p li ca t ed a nds low t ob e p r a ct i ca l. Th u s , a r et i cle i ns p ect i on s y s t emu s i ngt h e a b ove d es cr i b eda li g nm ents y s t emw ou ldh a ve p oors ens i t i vi t y , d u e t o t h e i na b i li t yoft h e a li g nm ents y s t emt o m a i nt a i n p r op era li g nm ent .SUMMA RY OF TH E P RESENT INV ENTION Iti s t h er ef or e ap r i nci p a l ob j ectoft h e p r es enti nven t i on t o p r ovi d e anovel, a u t om a t i c s y s t emf ort h e h i g hp er f or m a ncei ns p ect i onof r et i cles a nd p h ot om a s ks ,es p eci a llyt h os e u s edi n V LSI i nt eg r a t edci r cu i t s .It i s a not h erob j ectoft h e p r es ent i nvent i on t op r o vi d ea na u t om a t i cs y s t em f or i ns p ect i ng r et i cles a ndp h ot om a s ksw h i chi nclu d esanovel m et h odofcom p a ri ngt h e u nknow n r et i cle orp h ot om a s k w i t ht h e or i g i na l d es i g n d a t a b a s e ( CA D )oft h e r et i cleorp h ot om a s k.It i s s t i lla not h erob j ect oft h ep r es ent i nvent i ont o p r ovi d e anovel m et h odofs i m u lt a neou s lyh a nd li ngt h e la r g e d a t a b a s e, h i g hs p eed sa ndh i g hs p a t i a lr es olu t i on m i s r eg i s t r a t i ona t t end a nt w i t h V LSIp h ot om a s ka ndr et i clei ns p ect i on, i n acos tef f ect i vem a nner .It i s af u r t h erob j ectoft h e p r es enti nvent i on t o p r o vi d ea na u t om a t i cs y s t em f or i ns p ect i ng r et i cles a ndp h ot om a s ks h a vi ng t i m i ng a nd cont r olf u nct i ons t h a ts y nch r oni z e a n or i g i na ld es i g n d a t a b a s e r ep r es ent a t i on w i t h t h eu nknow nr et i cleor p h ot om a s ks ot h a t t h e a li g nm ents y s t emca n p r op er lya li g n t h e d es i g n d a t a b a s e w i t ht h e u nknow n r et i cleorp h ot om a s k i m a g e.It i s s t i llaf u r t h erob j ectoft h e p r es enti nvent i on t o p r ovi d e a n a u t om a t i c s y s t emf ori ns p ect i ngr et i cles a ndp h ot om a s ks w h er et h es y s t em t i m i ng a nd cont r oli n clu d esanovel m et h odofm od u la t i ngp i xel s i z e i n one d i m ens i on t o ext endt h e r a ng e oft h e a li g nm ents y s t ems o t h a tla r g e s low -m ovi nger r or sca n b e ef ? ci ent lycomp ens a t ed .It i s a not h erob j ect oft h ep r es ent i nvent i on t op r o vi d ea na u t om a t i cs y s t em f or i ns p ect i ng r et i cles a ndp h ot om a s ks t h a t ca nconver t a n or i g i na ld es i g nd a t ab a s e i nam a nners u cht h a tt h e s t or edd a t ab a s e ca n b e s y nch r onou s lycom p a r edw i t ht h e s ca nnedi m a g e ofa n u nknow n r et i cle orp h ot om a s k w h er ei n t h e com p a r i s on ca n b e m a d e a t h i g hs p eed , la r g ed a t a b a s esca n b e a c com m od a t eda ndt h e over a ll p r oces si s ver yef f i ci ent .It i s a not h erob j ectoft h e p r es ent i nvent i ont op r o vi d ea na u t om a t i cs y s t em f or i ns p ect i ng r et i cles a nd1 0 2 0 2 54 55 56 0 6 56p h ot om a s ks t h a t h a s a novela li g nm ent s y s t em w h i chca nd y na m i ca lly com p ens a t ef or r eg i s t r a t i oner r or sp r es entw h en com p a r i s on ofar et i cleorp h ot om a s k i sm a d e w i t ha n or i g i na ld es i g nd a t a b a s er ep r es ent a t i on,a ndw h er e s p a t i a l r es olu t i on oft h e a u t om a t i c s y s t emi sver yh i g ha ndt h e i ns p ect i on s p eedr a p i d .It i s s t i lla not h erob j ect oft h ep r es ent i nvent i ont o p r ovi d e a n a u t om a t i c s y s t emf ori ns p ect i ngr et i clesa ndp h ot om a s ks w h er et h ea li g nm ent s y s t em i nclu d es anovel Z-d i m ens i ona l p h a s e d et ect orf ort h e ef f i ci enta ndh i g h -s p eed d et ect i onofa li g nm ent er r or s i nexces s of:1p i xel.It i s a not h erob j ectoft h e p r es enti nvent i on t op r o vi d ea na u t om a t i cs y s t em f or i ns p ect i ng r et i cles a ndp h ot om a s ks w h er et h ea li g nm ent s y s t em i nclu d es anovel, a d a p t i ve a li g nm entm et h odw h i chca n a d j u s tt o t h e r es p ons i venes soft h e a li g nm ents y s t ema ccor d i ngt o p a t t er n d ens i t ya ndexer ta li g nm enta ct i vi t y , s u cht h a ta li g nm entca n b e p r op er lym a i nt a i nedi n t h e p r es ence ofla r g e a r ea sd evoi dofp a t t er ns .It i s a not h erob j ectoft h e p r es enti nvent i on t op r o vi d e ar et i clea ndp h ot om a s k i ns p ect i ons y s t emw h i chg i vest h e op er a t ort h e a b i li t yt o op t i ona llys electalowr es olu t i on, h i g h -s p eedop er a t i on.Th es e a ndot h erob j ect s , w h i chw i llh er ei na f t er b e com e a p p a r ent , a r ea ccom p a ni ed i na ccor d a ncew i t ht h ei llu s t r a t ed p r ef er r ed em b od i m ent of t h ep r es enti nvent i on b yp r ovi d i nga n a u t om a t i c i ns p ect i on s y s t emi nclu d i ng ca r r i a g em ea ns , i llu m i na t i onm ea ns , op t i ca l m ea ns ,d et ect orm ea ns ,d a t a b a s e a d a p t a t i on m ea ns ,a nds i g na l p r oces s i ngm ea ns .Th e i llu m i na t i on m ea nsi llu m ina t esar et i cleorp h ot om a s k t o b e i ns p ect ed , w h i le t h e op t i ca l m ea nsp r oj ect sam a g ni ? edi m a g e oft h e r et i cle or p h ot om a s k ont ot h ed et ect or m ea ns . Th e ca r r i a g e m ea ns m ove t h er et i cleor p h ot om a s ka t a cons t a ntveloci t y t oa llow t h ed et ect or m ea ns t os equ ent i a llyvi ewt h eent i r es u r f a cet ob ei ns p ect ed . Th e d et ect orm ea nsa r er es p ons i ve t ot h ei nt ens i t y ofli g h t i nci d entt h er eu p on a nda r e p er i od i ca llys ca nnedt o ob t a i n at w o d i m ens i ona lm ea s u r ed r ep r es ent a t i onoft h er et i cleorm a s k.Th e d a t a b a s e a d a p t a t i on m ea nsf or m u la t esacomp a r a b le t w o-d i m ens i ona l r ep r es ent a t i on oft h e r et i cle orp h ot om a s k f r omt h e d es i g n d a t a b a s e d es cr i p t i on s i m u l t a neou sw i t ha ndi ns y nch r oni s mw i t ht h e s ca nni ngoft h e p h ot om a s k orr et i cle. Th e m ea s u r ed a ndd a t a b a s e a d a p t edr ep r es ent a t i on oft h e r et i cleorp h ot om a s k' a r e i np u tt ot h e s i g na l p r oces s i ngm ea nsf ora li g nm enta ndd ef ect d et ect i on. W h i le t h er ep r es ent a t i ons a r es h i f t edt h r ou g h a m em or y , a na li g nm ent ci r cu i t d y na m i ca llym ea s u r es a nd cor r ect s f or m i s a li g nm ent b et w eent h e r ep r es ent a t i ons ,s o t h a tad ef ectd et ect orca n ef f ect i velycom p a r e t h e r ep r es ent a t i ons f ord ef ect s . A ls o i nclu d eda r e m ea nsf orm od u la t i ngt h e s i z e oft h e m ea s u r edr epr es ent a t i on t o a d d i t i ona llycor r ectf orm i s a li g nm ent .A tt h eop er a t or s op t i on, a s econd m ea s u r ed i m a g eof am u lt i -cell r et i cle orp h ot om a s k m a yb e u s edf orcom p a ri s on a s as u b s t i t u t ef ort h e d a t a b a s e r ep r es ent a t i on.Som eof t h enu m er ou s a d va nt a g es of t h ep r es enti nvent i on a r e t h a ti t a llow st h e com p a r i s on ofap h ot o m a s k orr et i cle, es p eci a llyas i ng led i e r et i cle, w i t ht h e'com p a ni on d es i g n d a t a b a s e f ort h e p u r p os e ofloca t i ngf a u lt s ; a ndes p eci a lly , r ep ea t i ngf a u lt s . Th e p r es ent i n vent i on a ls o d y na m i ca llya nda ccu r a t elya li g nst h e t w o r ep r es ent a t i ons s ot h a t a nef f ect i ved ef ect i ns p ect i on ca n b e p er f or m ed .Th es e a ndot h erob j ect sa nda d va nt a g esoft h e p r esent i nvent i on w i llno d ou b tb ecom e a p p a r entt ot h os e s ki lledi n t h e a r ta f t erh a vi ngr ea dt h e f ollow i ngd et a i led4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 97d es cr i p t i on oft h e p r ef er r edem b od i m entw h i chi s i llu st r a t edi n t h e s ever a l ? g u r esoft h e a ccom p a ny i ngd r a wi ng . 'B RIEF D ESCRIP TION OF TH E D RA W ING FIG.1 i s af u nct i ona l b lock d i a g r a mofar et i clei n s p ect i ons y s t em a ccor d i ng t ot h ep r es ent i nvent i on,i nclu d i ng a ni ns p ect i ons t a t i onp or t i ona nd a r et i cle i ns p ect i on a d a p t erp or t i on.FIG.2i sad i a g r a m m a t i c r ep r es ent a t i on ofas equ ence ofs t a g e m ovem ent si n Xa ndY d i r ect i onst h a ta r e t y p ica lly p er f or m edd u r i nga n i ns p ect i on op er a t i on b yt h e p r es enti nvent i on.FIG.3i s ad i a g r a m m a t i c r ep r es ent a t i on ofone s w a t hofp i xelsf or m eda sar es u ltofas t a g e m ovem enti n t h e Xd i r ect i on.FIG.4i s af u nct i ona l b lock d i a g r a mofp i xel g ener at i ona nd a li g nm ent cor r ect i onci r cu i t s of t h er et i cle i ns p ect i on s y s t emofFIG.1 .FIG.5i s at i m i ngd i a g r a moft h e i ns p ect i ons t a t i on ' a ndi llu s t r a t es t h e va r i ou sop er a t i ona l m od esd u r i nga n i ns p ect i on op er a t i on.FIG.6i s af u nct i ona l b lock d i a g r a mofas ca n s y n ch r oni z a t i onci r cu i t u s ed i ns y nch r oni z i ng m ea s u r eda nd s t or ed r ep r es ent a t i ons ofa r et i cleor p h ot om a s k d u r i nga n i ns p ect i on op er a t i on.FIG.7 ai sad i a g r a m m a t i c r ep r es ent a t i on ofr i g h ta ndlef t p i xelm em or i esi llu s t r a t i ng t h e r ela t i vep os i t i oni ngofi ns p ect i on w i nd ow sw i t h i n t h e p i xel m em or i es .FIG.7 b i s a d i a g r a m t h a t i llu s t r a t es t h ela b eli ng ofp i xelsw i t h i n a n a li g nm entd et ect i on m a t r i x.FIG.8i saf u nct i ona l b lock d i a g r a mofa n a li g nm enter r or d et ect i onci r cu i t t h a t d y na m i ca lly d et ect s a li g n m enter r or si n b ot hXa ndY d i r ect i ons .FIG.9i s alog i c d i a g r a mofa? r s ts t a g e ofY a li g n m entd et ect i on-u t i li z edb yt h e a li g nm enter r ord et ect i on ci r cu i tofFIG.8 .FIG. 1 0i s a log i cd i a g r a m ofa s econd s t a g eofY a li g nm ent d et ect i onu t i li z ed b y t h ea li g nm ent er r ord et ect i on ci r cu i tofFIG.8 .FIG. 1 1 i s a t i m i ng d i a g r a md ep i ct i ng t h eY a li g n m entd et ect i onf u nct i onoft h ea li g nm ent er r or d et ec t i on ci r cu i tofFIG.8 .FIG.1 2i sad i a g r a m m a t i c r ep r es ent a t i on oft h e op era t i onoft h eXa li g nm ent d et ect i onf u nct i ona lof t h e a li g nm enter r ord et ect i on ci r cu i tofFIG.8 .FIG.1 3i s alog i ca l t r u t ht a b le d ep i ct i ngt h e m et h odem p loy edb yt h ea li g nm ent er r or d et ect i onci r cu i t t o d et er m i ne t h e s ens e ofXa li g nm enter r or s .FIG. 1 4i s ag r a p h i ca lr ep r es ent a t i onofnor m a li z eda li g nm entcor r ect i on f a ct or sa s ca lcu la t edb ya n a li g n m entp r oces s orp or t i on oft h e a li g nm enter r ord et ect i on ci r cu i tofFIG.8 .FIGS.1 5 aa nd1 5 ba r e af lowch a r toft h e com p u t at i ona l b r a nch esoft h e a li g nm entp r oces s orci r cu i t .FIG.1 5 ad ep i ct st h e op er a t i on ofa n er r ort es tcom p u t a t i ona l b r a nch ,a ndFIG.1 5 bd ep i ct st h e op er a t i on ofa n a ccum u la t oru p d a t e b r a nch .FIG. 1 6 i s a f u nct i ona lb lockd i a g r a m ofa s y s t emt i m i ngcont r olci r cu i t u t i li z edb yt h e r et i clei ns p ect i on s y s t emofFIG.1 .2 53 0 3 54 0 4 55 5FIG.1 7i s ad i a g r a mt h a ti llu s t r a t est h e p r oced u r e of 6 5m a p p i ngp i xels f ori m a g e com p r es s i on.FIG. 1 8 i s a log i ca lt r u t h t a b leu s ed i ncom b i ni ngp i xelsf ori m a g e com p r es s i on.8D ESCRIP TION OF TH E P REFERREDEMB OD IMENT Ref er r i ng nowt oFIG. 1 oft h ed r a w i ng , t h ep r e f er r ed em b od i m ent ofa r et i clei ns p ect i ons y s t em a c cor d i ngt ot h e p r es enti nvent i on i s s ch em a t i ca llyi llu st r a t eda t2 0.Th e r et i cle i ns p ect i on s y s t em2 0 i nclu d esa n i ns p ect i ons t a t i on2 2f ori ns p ect i ng a r et i cleorp h ot o m a s k 2 4f ord ef ect s , a ndar et i cle i ns p ect i on a d a p t er2 6f or g ener a t i ng a d i g i t a lr ep r es ent a t i onof t h er et i cle f r omas t or edd a t a b a s e w h i chi s i n ah i g h -level d es cr i pt i on. Th e i ns p ect i ons t a t i on2 2i nclu d es a n a i r -b ea r i ngs t a g e 2 8m ou nt edon ag r a ni t e t a b le 3 0 f ort r a ns p or t i nga ndp os i t i oni ng t h er et i cleor p h ot om a s k 2 4t ob e i n s p ect ed .Th e s t a g e 2 8i s m ova b le i n t h e Xa ndY d i r ec t i onsb ys t ep p erm ot or sa ndlea ds cr ew st h a t a r e s ch e m a t i ca llyi llu s t r a t eda t3 2a nd3 4 ,r es p ect i vely .Ar et i cle h old er3 6i sr ot a t a b le i n t h e 0 d i r ect i on b yam ot ora t3 8 .Ar et i clet ob ei ns p ect ed i s m ou nt ed ont h er et i cle h old erw h i chi s r ot a t edi nt h e 0 d i r ect i on t oa li g nf eat u r es oft h e r et i cle w i t ht h e Xa ndY d i r ect i ons .Th e i ns p ect i on op er a t i on i s p er f or m edon t h e r et i cle 2 4b ycom p a r i ngt w o d i g i t a lr ep r es ent a t i onsofas m a ll a r eap or t i on oft h e r et i cle. One d i g i t a l r ep r es ent a t i on oft h er et i clei s f or m u la t ed b yop t i ca lm ea ns . Th e ot h erd i g i t a l r ep r es ent a t i on i s op t i ona llyf or m u la t edei t h erb yop t i ca lm ea nsor f r oma s t or ed d a t a b a s e. Th e op t i ca l m ea nsi nclu d esa n i llu m i na t or4 0, d i s p os edb enea t ht h e g r a ni t e t a b le 3 0,w h i chi llu m i na t est h e b ot t omofr et i cle 2 4t h r ou g ha n op eni ngi n t a b le 3 0.A ls o i nclu d eda r e lef ta nd r i g h t i ns p ect i onop t i cs 4 2 a nd 4 4 , r es p ect i vely ,w h i chp r oj ect i m a g es oft h er et i cleont oa b i nocu la rvi ewh ea d4 6 , a ndont o lef t a ndr i g h t d et ect or s4 8a nd5 0,r es p ect i vely .Th e b i nocu la rvi ewp er m i t svi ew i ngofa m a g ni ? edi m a g e oft h er et i cleb y a n op er a t or . Th e i ns p ect i on op t i cs4 2a nd4 4a r e a u t om a t i ca llyf ocu s edb ya n a u t om a t i c f ocu sci r cu i t 5 2 , ofat y p e cor r es p ond i ngt o t h a t d i s clos edi n US.P a t . No.4 , 2 4 7 , 2 03 .Th e r et i clei ns p ect i ons y s t em 2 0ca nop t i ona lly i n-'s p ectp h ot om a s ksa s w ell a s r et i cles f ord ef ect s . W h en i ns p ect i ng a p h ot om a s k, t h elef t a nd r i g h t i ns p ect i on op t i csa r e p os i t i oneds o a st o f ocu son i d ent i ca l p or t i onsof a d j a cent d i ce. Elect r oni cr ep r es ent a t i ons of t h os e a d j a centd i ce a r e f or m edb yt h e lef t a ndr i g h td et ect or s4 8a nd5 0 a nda r e la t er com p a r edt o? ndd ef ect s .Th e p os i t i onofas w i t ch 5 4d et er m i nes w h et h era n op t i ca l oras t or edd a t a b a s e r ep r es ent a t i on i s u t i li z edf orcom p a r i s on t ot h eop t i ca lr ep r es ent a t i onf r omt h elef td et ect or4 8 .Ifs w i t ch5 4i si n t h e p os i t i on s h ow n i n FIG.1 , t h es t or ed d a t a b a s er ep r es ent a t i onoft h er et i clei st r a ns m i t t edt o t h e i ns p ect i on s t a t i on 2 2f r omt h e r et i cle i ns p ect i ona d a p t er 2 6 t h r ou g h a nRIAi nt er f a ce5 6 .A not h ers w i t ch5 8 -op t i ona llyconnect st h e ou t p u toft h e lef t d et ect or4 8t o t h e RIAi nt er f a ce 5 6f orca li b r a t i on p u r p os es ,w h i chw i ll b e exp la i nedi nf u r t h er d et a i lb e low .A s s u m i ngt h a ts w i t ch5 8i si n t h e p os i t i on i nd i ca t edi n FIG.1 , t h e ou t p u toft h e lef t d et ect ori s i np u ti nt o alef t p i xel m em or y6 0. Ar i g h tp i xel m em or y6 2s t or es acor r es p ond i ng r ep r es ent a t i onof t h er et i cle, ei t h er a sm ea s u r edb yt h er i g h t d et ect oror a s s t or ed on a d a t ab a s e a ndcons t r u ct edb yt h e r et i clei ns p ect i on a d a p t er ,t h es elect i onofw h i chd ep end s u p ont h ep os i t i onofs w i t ch5 4 .B ot ht h e lef ta ndr i g h tp i xel m em or i es6 0 a nd6 2 a r ef i r s t -i n-? r s t -ou t ( FIFO) t y p em em or y ci r cu i t st h a ta ta nyone t i m e cont a i n onlyas m a ll f r a ct i on oft h e t ot a lop t i ca l a ndd a t a b a s e r ep r es ent a t i ons . Th es e m emor yci r cu i t s ca nb e u s edt oh elp ca u s e a d ela y a t t h ei r4 , 9 2 6 , 4 8 99ou t p u t sb et w een t h e lef t a ndr i g h ti m a g e u nd ercont r ol oft h e A li g nm entCor r ectci r cu i t6 6 .D a t as t or ed i nt h e lef t a ndr i g h t p i xelm em or i es6 0 a nd6 2a r e com p a r edt o ea chot h erb yad ef ecta na ly z er6 4t o loca t e a ndch a r a ct er i z e d ef ect si n t h e r et i cle 2 4 .In or d er t oelect r oni ca lly p r ovi d ed y na m i c a li g nm ent oft h et w or ep r es ent a t i ons of t h er et i cle, a na li g nm entcor r ect i on s u b s y s t em6 6i s u t i li z ed w h i chcont r ols t h e r ela t i ved ela y b et w eent h elef t a nd r i g h t i m a g es . As y s t em t i m i ng cont r ol6 8 p r ovi d es t i m i ng s i g na ls t o s y nch r oni z e t h e op t i ca l a ndd a t a b a s e r ep r es ent a t i onsoft h e r et i cle, a sw ell a st o coor d i na t e t h e s equ encesoft h e i ns p ect i on p r oces s . B ot ht h e a li g nm entcor r ect i on s u bs y s t ema ndt h e s y s t emt i m i ngcont r ol w i ll b e d es cr i b edi n f u r t h erd et a i l b elow .Ti m i ngs i g na lsa ndd ef ectr es u lt sa r er es p ect i vely i np u tt oa ni ns p ect i ons t a t i onm i cr o p r oces s or7 0 b yt h e s y s t emt i m i ngcont r ol a ndt h e d e f ecta na ly z er .Th e i ns p ect i on s t a t i on m i cr op r oces s or7 0 cont r olst h e p os i t i ona nd m ovem ent of t h ea i r -b ea r i ng s t a g e2 8t h r ou g hX ,Y a nd0 d r i ves7 2 , 7 4 , a nd7 6 , r es p ect i vely ,i nr es p ons et op r og r a mi ns t r u ct i ona ndd a t a r ecei vedf r omas t a g e p os i t i on s ens or7 8 .D r i ves7 2 ,7 4 ,a nd7 6a r e p r ef er a b ly s t ep p er m ot orcont r oller s a nd s ens or 7 8 i sp r ef er a b lycom p r i s edofop t i ca l encod er sf ort h e Xa ndY a xi s . P r og r a mi ns t r u ct i onsa r e p r er ecor d eda ndi np u tt o m i cr op r oces s or7 0 vi aa? op p yd i s k 8 0.Sy s t emop era t i on i s cont r olledm a nu a llyb yt h e op er a t ort h r ou g hakey b oa r d8 4a ndm a nu a l cont r ols8 6 .Ins t r u ct i onst o t h e op er a t ororavi s u a ld i s p la y oft h e r et i clem a yb e d i sp la y edon aCRT d i s p la y8 8 .D ef ectd a t ar es u lt i ngf r omt h ei ns p ect i onop er a t i oni s ou t p u t on a p r i nt er 9 0, ors t or edb yt h e t a p e ca s s et t e 8 2 .W h i le t h e a u t om a t i c f ocu sci r cu i t 5 2m a i nt a i nsaf o cu s edi m a g e oft h e r et i cle 2 4on t h e lef td et ect or4 8 ,t h e i ns p ect i on s t a t i on m i cr op r oces s or7 0 d i r ect st h e Xa ndY d r i ves7 2a nd7 4t o m ove t h e s t a g e 2 8i n as er p ent i ne p a t hs o t h a tt h e ent i r e p or t i on oft h e r et i clei s s equ en t i a lly vi ew ed b y t h elef t d et ect or . If a p h ot om a s ki sb ei ng i ns p ect ed b y com p a r i ng a d j a cent d i e, t h ent h e r i g h td et ect or5 0 a ls o vi ew st h e i ns p ect eda r ea . FIG.2s h ow st h e s er p ent i ne p a t hd es cr i b edb yt h e s t a g e. Th e i ns p ect i onop er a t i on occu r s d u r i ng t h eXt r a ns la t i ons ,w h en t h es t a g e2 8 i s m ovi ng a t a cons t a nt veloci t y .B et w een Xt r a ns la t i ons , t h es t a g ei s i nd exed i nt h eY d i r ect i on t o r ep os i t i on i t f ort h e nextXt r a ns la t i on.A sam a t t erofconveni ence, f ea t u r es on t h e r et i clet h a t a r e p a r a llel t o t h e Xd i r ect i on a r e h er ei na f t err ef er r edt o a sh or i z ont a l, a ndf ea t u r esp a r a llelt ot h e Y d i r ect i ona r e h er ei na f t err ef er r ed t oa s ver t i ca l.Th e i m a g e s ens i ngelem ent sofd et ect or s4 8a nd5 0 a r e p h ot os ens or st h a ta r e r es p ons i ve t o t h e i nt ens i t yofli g h ti nci d ent t h er eu p on. P h ot os ens or s a r ed i s p er s ed a tequ a lly s p a cedp os i t i ons a long ali nep a r a llelt ot h eY d i r ect i on.Th e ext entoft h e r et i cle t o w h i chap h ot os en s or r es p ond si s a f u nct i onoft h em a g ni f i ca t i onoft h e i ns p ect i on op t i cs4 2a nd4 4 .Th e m a g ni ? ca t i on r es u lt si n ea ch p h ot os ens or t y p i ca lly r ep r es ent i ng a na r ea of0. 5> < 0. 5 m i cr onson t h er et i clea lt h ou g ht h es y s t emi sca p a b le ofla r g e s i z es . Clea r lys m a llers i z esorr ect a ng ula rs i z escou ldb e u s ed . A ta nyone t i m e, t h e p h ot os en s or svi ewa n a r eaoft h e r et i cle t h a ti s one u ni tw i d e i n t h e Xd i r ect i on a ndi s N u ni t s longi n t h e Y d i r ect i on,w h er e N equ a lst h e nu m b erofp h ot os ens or s .B ym ovi ngt h e s t a g e 2 8i n t h e Xd i r ect i on a tacons t a ntveloci t ya ndb yp er i od i ca lly s ca nni ng t h eelect r i ca lou t p u t s oft h e 1 0 2 56 0 6 51 0 p h ot os ens or s , a r ep r es ent a t i onof t h er et i cleca nb e f or m ed .FIG.3i llu s t r a t ess u char ep r es ent a t i on f or m edd u r i nga n ent i r e Xt r a ns la t i on oft h e s t a g e.Th i sr ep r es ent a t i on i s ca lledas w a t h9 2a ndi s com p os edofN p i xelsi n t h e Y d i r ect i on a ndL p i xelsi n t h e Xd i r ect i on, w h er e L i st h enu m b er ofs ca ns p er f or m ed ont h ep h ot os ens or sd u r i ngt h e Xt r a ns la t i on. Ea chs ca n oft h e N p h ot os en s or sd e? nesone ver t i ca l colu m n oft h e s w a t h .Th e ou tp u tofea choft h e N p h ot os ens or si s s ca nnedL t i m es ,t h u sf or m i ngt h e N>