Interior Design and Technology Advances in the Tech Workplace. · 2019-10-08 · rapid development. A public walkway along the river and extending ... buildings, office buildings,

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Interior Design and Technology Advances in the Tech Workplace.

Project Programming Prof. Esperanza MuinoFall 2019 | FIU

Leandro Lujan | Ramiro ExpositoAssignment 4 . Site Documentation and Sustainability Analysis

Privacy, Collaboration, and Wellbeing.

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Brickell Arch/ Unsplash.com

1871William and Mary Brickell established their home in the mouth of the Miami River.

1896Flagler’s extension of the railroad boasted the value of Brickell along with the rest of Miami. Mary Brickell took control of the family business

1910-1920The development of a subdivision just south of the river became “Millionaire’s Row” that soon was populated with a mixture of wealthy northerners and locals

1910-1920The development of a subdivision just south of the river became “Millionaire’s Row” that soon was populated with a mixture of wealthy northerners and locals

1950-1960The area started being developed for high density residential and commercial uses.

1970Miami became an important international financial hub, and Brickell became Miami’s financial district – in many respects the financial center of Latin America.

1980‘Millionaire’s row’ was developed into a row of condo towers, including the iconic Atlantis, which was depicted in the famous Miami Vice.

Today Brickell has continued booming with rapid development. A public walkway along the river and extending down the bay is gradually being built. Massive condominium towers, rental apartment buildings, office buildings, and hotels have sprouted up...

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Bordered by the Miami River to the north, Biscayne Bay to east, the Rickenbacker Causeway to the South, and I-95 to the west, Brickell is one of Miami’s oldest neighborhoods. Constantly evolving, Brickell has changed radically over the years, including an incredible development boom in the last twenty years. Brickell is a hub of the Latin American financial industry, and home to many of Miami’s foreign consulates, as well as thousands of condo-dwelling urbanites. Beginning as a neighborhood of luxurious mansions over a hundred years ago, Brickell has become the densest neighborhood south of Manhattan.

One of the earliest homesteading families was the Brickells, from whom the neighborhood of Brickell gets its name. William and Mary Brickell and their children came to mouth of the Miami River in 1871, where they established a home and trading post and purchased large swaths of land dense with natural foliage. In addition to developing property

themselves, the Brickells sold substantial tracts of land to others. As time went on, a surge in growth in the 1950s and 60s resulted in the land the winter estates occupied being developed for high density residential and commercial use. In the 1970s Miami became an important international financial hub, and Brickell became the financial district.

The fortunes of the Brickells, along with everyone else in Miami, changed radically when construction of Henry Flagler’s railroad reached Miami on April 7th 1896. The Brickells laid out a subdivision just south of the river, between the years 1910 and 1919, with broad avenues and landscaped medians. By 1920 grand winter estates lined Brickell Avenue, and Biscayne Bay. This area would become known as Miami’s ‘millionaire’s row’ or ‘gold coast.’ It was soon populated with a mixture of wealthy northerners and locals.

Brickell. Location & HistoryBuilding Context

Snazzymaps.com

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Since the adoption of the metropolitan form of government in 1957, Miami-Dade County has had a modified two-tier (or level) system for governance. The upper tier is a subdivision of the state government.. Counties are created by states to serve as state offices close to where people live. The County government provides major metropolitan services for all the County residents, and provide city-type services such as police protection, garbage & trash collection, planning and zoning enforcement for residents of unincorporated areas.

In the lower tier we can find the municipalities or incorporated cities. Each county has at least one incorporated city within their boundaries. Incorporated means that cities have legal status to transact government business much as a private corporation. Most cities provide their own police and fire protection, parks and recreation, and planning & zoning.

Snazzymaps.com

Brickell belongs to what is called Greater Downtown Miami, which is the urban city center based around the Central Business District (CBD). The City of Miami is one of the 34 municipalities in Miami-Dade County.

As an independent entity the City of Miami has their own officials, with a mayor and 5 district commissioners. Brickell is located in district 2, whose commissioner is Ken Russell. The “political autonomy” of a city allows Brickell to have their own ordinances or municipal codes, that are based in modifications of the Florida Building Code and more restricted requirements. Part of Miami’s code includes an even more restricted zoning code called Miami 21 which is the vision of the Miami of the 21st century.

Political Organization

Brickell Skyline/ Brickell.com

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Mayor Carlos Gimenez

Decisions at this level affect all incorporated municipalities

Has legal status to transact government business much as a private corporation. Provide their own police and fire protection, parks and recreation, and planning & zoning.

Code of laws for a local government. Can overwrite state and county codes. Generally more restricted. Affects building and zoning codes

District 5 Commissioner Eileen Higgins

Brickell Miami-Dade County

Board of County Commisoners

Mayor Francis SuarezMunicipal CodeMiami 21

Commisioner Ken Russel

City of MiamiCode of Ordincances

District 2

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Economic EnvironmentAlmost 45% of Greater Downtown Miami’s population resides on Brickell and it is such a tourism and business magnet that more than 15 million visitors go to Brickell every year. Not surprisingly, the last several years have seen the enclave welcome enormous amounts of development, including one now serving as home to a veritable United Nations of residents, Brickell City Centre.

It is also home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States and is the second-largest financial hub outside of New York City’s financial district. Renowned as one of the hottest retail real estate markets in the United States, it is benefiting from the influx of newcomers to the Sunshine State, estimated by some to be 900 a day.

With Greater Downtown’s proximity to Latin America and the Caribbean, many large international firms have a presence A handful of these firms even have a regional or divisional headquarters in Downtown Miami, 213 multinational corporations have offices in the CBD or Brickell These firms represent each continent and span across several different industries While there’s a healthy mix of industries operating in Downtown Miami, financial services organizations, banks, and law firms are the largest employers with regard to total office space leased. (Miami Downtown Authority, 2018)

BCC / designboom.com

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Downtown Miami: Who’s Here

Downtown Miami: Who’s Looking

Law firms, financial services organizations, and banks are Downtown Miami’s largest office users

International Banks

Over 15 Headquarters, including main, US & LatAm HQs.

Touring office space in Downtoen Miami is up 350% since 2013

Downtown Miami’s Top Industries Touring the Market for Office Space as % ot Total Market Share

Downtown Miami’s Top Industries by Share of Upcoming Demand for New-To-Market Office Space

Source: Miami Downtown Authority

Tech Firms

Financial Services

Real Estate

Leisure & Hospitality

Alternative Investment Firms

6 International Law Firms with 1B or more in revenue

4 Largest Accounting 2 Largest PR Firms, and many more

60+

350%82%

3% 4% 11%

15+

100 $1B 4 & 2

Tech

Financial

Banking

Law Firms

Real Estate

38%

14%

13%

12%

7%

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As of 2010, the population of Brickell had 27,776 people, with a population density of 37,622 per square mile, making it one of the densest neighborhoods in the United States. In the 2010 US Census, the racial makeup of Brickell was 62.0% Hispanic of any race, 33.2% White (non-Hispanic), 1.6% Asian, and 1.4% Black.

Brickell is a highly educated and affluent neighborhood. As of 2014, an estimated 75% of residents older than 25 hold at least a bachelors level degree with 34% holding an advanced degree. The approximate average household income of $125,500 is more than twice the average for the City of Miami. Brickell its a place culturally rich in Food, Drink and Nightclubs. Food its maybe the center of attention in the Brickell area since numerous important Michelin star chef started opening restaurant in this area with a blooming in economic growth.

The new Brickell City Centre has contributed to foster the culture of the area, not only its home for numerous retail stores but also has a very luxurious Cinema and a variety of restaurants with healthy markets, something very important for this area, since the majority of people that lives here seems to have a healthy lifestyle.

With 23 parks and favorable weather all year long, Downtown Miami residents have a great foundation for staying in shape As of 2018 we estimate that just under 70 of all Greater Downtown Miami residents aged 18 and older exercises at least two hours a week That number is up eight percent from 2016 While Downtown Miami has a plethora of parks and linear green spaces, the majority of downtowners exercise at home. (Miami DDA, 2018)

Social & Cultural Environment

BCC / Unsplash.com

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The daytime population of Greater Downtown Miami is 250 757 people Daytime population combines residents, workers, and tourists that visit a destination on an average weekday. Approximately 70% of Greater Downtown’s daytime population comes from employment The other 30 consists of residents, students, and tourists.

Greater Downtown Miami residents are more educated than the rest of the City, County, and MSA. Approximately 54% of Downtown residents have either a bachelor’s degree or higher.

of daytime population comes from employment

Greater Downtown Household types

One Person

Non-Family

Family w/o Children

Family w Children

47%

26%

17%

10%

70%

54%

Couple running in Brickell KeyPanoramatower.com

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Geographic Characteristics1221 Brickell Building is fully covered with windows in all the perimeter. This is a typical construction of the area, where most of the buildings are designed to have a glass curtain wall in the exterior.

The sunlight penetration its an important factor to take into consideration when designing the space.As shown on the sun diagrams there is a minimal sun penetration in the north part of the building, thanks to our position in the North hemisphere.

The majority of the sun penetration will be during the summer at 12pm. Despites the fact that this neighborhood has a high density of high rise buildings, there is some vegetation that acts as a buffer. There are also close parks in the area. This green areas will act as a connection with nature, which is highly encouraged when designing the workplace. According to our literature research contact with nature and biophillic design elements in the workplace are elements that enhance wellbeing.

Brickell Key / cervera.com

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Summer

06/21/2020 8am 06/21/2020 12pm 06/21/2020 5pm

12/21/2020 8am 12/21/2020 12pm 12/21/2020 5pm

Other important issues to consider are the climatic factors, such as wind and sea penetration. As we know the position of the building close to the coast makes this place at risk of sea penetration, while winds are typically strong when there is bad weather such as hurricanes or local storms.

The temperatures in the area are typical of this tropical climate, with hot and humid summers and short periods of winter that are warm compared

with other cities. Temperature oscillates between 69 and 87°F, but since the building is closer to a coastal zone there may be a slight difference of temperature compared to other zones of Miami.

Traffic in the zone is heavy most of the day, with people moving around in scooters or bicycles. Despites the traffic, this zone experience a high volume of pedestrian, although the conditions are not the best for it.

Winter

SunCalc.com

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Architecture of the AreaThe architecture of Brickell has been changing in the last 20 years. Skyscrapers started sprouting up, slowly replacing low-rising condos and apartment buildings, older hotels and retail buildings. The skyline of Miami Brickell boasts the third tallest in the U.S., trailing only New York City and Chicago.

The mix between residential and commercial towers is adequate, most of the buildings have a glass and steel facade.

There are some mixed-used developments rising as the new trend in this century. Spaces where people can live, work, and play has become the norm in new constructions. An example of this is Brickell City Centre, which include residential, hospitality, retail, and commercial offices. The hype of construction is still hot, with 7 ongoing projects, 29 projects recently completed, and more than 50 projects in development pipeline.(Miami DDA, 2019).

Icon Brickell/ Patricia Montalvan

Icon BrickellArchitect: Arquitectonica Designer: Philippe Stark and John Hitchcox’sConstruction: 2006-2008Type: Residential

The Icon Brickell Complex is an urban development that consist of three skyscrapers and the Icon Brickell Plaza, connecting the towers at their base. The modular structure and repetitive character of the design its typical of this style of buildings and transmit a sense of order in the facade. Large glass facades like this one are characteristic of this type or architecture and lead to a significant heat loss and thus high energy consumption.

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Rise Tower / brickellcitycentre.com

Brickell City CentreArchitect: Arquitectonica.Construction: 2012- 2016Type: Mixed Use

This new complex its a mix of different styles in coordination. The six towers that form part of the complex have characteristics of skyscrapers architecture. A steel frame that permit large expansions of curtain wall and the repetition of windows that create a rhythmic facade in occasions a little bit boring. This stand as juxtaposition of modern architecture on the base where the retail portion of the project live.

A more dynamic facade create by the composition of different rectangular mases create a diversification of interior spaces. The building its treated more as an landscape experiences rather than a mere building. Integrated with natural elements the configuration is based on “connectivity”, this project shares a close relationship with both the neighborhood of Brickell and the wider urban area.

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1450 BrickellArchitect: NBWWType: OfficeConstruction: 2006-2010

This building is a 500 foot tall glass sheathed office tower its one of Miami’s most resilient buildings. The use of impact-resistant glass in all the facade create an almost seamless structure that looks like a typical skyscrapers but without seeing the exterior steel structure. The high-tech glass used on the facade is designed for large-missile impact and is the strongest curtain wall of any commercial building in U.S. means that it uses less energy for cooling. The angular morphology make it look less heavy visually and the “cut” in one of the edges creates a visual clue of where the entrance its located.

Miami TowerArchitect: Pei Cobb Freed & PartnersType: Commercial OfficeConstruction:1983-1987

The Miami Tower is a 47 story, landmark office in Miami and one of the tallest skyscrapers of the city. Its compose by three glass tiers that its illuminated during the night in a dramatic way. The tower consist in two separate structures: A 10 story parking garage and the 47 story office tower built upon the air rights of the garage. The design of the building has characteristics of the skyscrapers architecture. Large spans of curtain walls that rest in a Steel structure. A repetitive rhythm of the windows that create a monotonous facade and lack of ornamentation. In this particular case the use of multiple led lights create a more dynamic facade by the projection of different colors in relationship with some season holiday.

1450 Brickell / thenewtropic.com

Miami Tower/ Color Kinetics

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colorkinetics.com

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Team Assessment & Design GuidelinesAccording to the information collected in this investigation we assessed the following design criteria:

• The Architectural style and trends presented on Brickell are mostly glass and steel buildings, which resonates with the perception of this neighborhood as the financial center of Miami. This type of facades lead to a significant heat loss and thus high energy consumption. Although, most of the new buildings are LEED Certified in the three tiers. (Silver, Gold, and Platinum). A fully covered glass facade guarantees a 360 view of the city, which is very important to attract new tenants and buyers. Ultimately, this connection with the outdoor makes the offices spaces more appealing for organizations that are interested in employee satisfaction and wellbeing.

• According to our research, Brickell has a high retention of tenants and the high economic standards of the constructions are a key factor to attract new users. The tech industry is rising as the most popular category looking for office spaces in the areas. This validates our proposal to locate a tech workplace in the 1221 Building.

• Our main goal its create a new concept of Workplace environment based in a sustainable point of view that merges with the new technological advances while respecting the local culture.

• The design of the new Workplace should blur the lines between indoor and outdoor to foster the wellbeing of the employees.

• Incorporation of flexible office design will permit our proposal to compete with the rest of the office buildings located on the Brickell area.

1221 Brickell / loopnet.com

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Political Organization:• Follow and comply with the zoning codes

and municipal ordinances of the City of Miami. Compare existing regulations and look into the city future goals to create a workplace that aligns with them.

Economic Environment• Research and connect with economical

organizations such as Miami Downtown Authority to know more about the office landscape and new emerging trends in the market, and asses the validity of a tech office in this environment.

• Keep track of the continuous growth of Brickell and make sure that the design implement the last technological advances for a better experience.

Cultural and Social• Create a space that permits the

integration of the diversity of cultural backgrounds.

• Implementation of spaces that permit the users to be proactive, and to foster a healthy lifestyle in the work environment.

• Integration of technologies and diversity of spaces that maintain the interest of the patrons in newest trends.

Geographic Characteristics• Take advantage of the building position

for daylight usage.• Foster wellbeing using the outdoor

space of the building.• Provide parking for Bicycles and the new

Scooters that are in use on the Brickell area.

Architecture of the Area• Take into consideration the surrounding

architecture and the architecture of the building itself to create spaces that reflect what’s happening on the exterior. Use behavioral theories studies to promote a better user experience of the space.

• Take in consideration the architectural features of the building in the new design.

1221 Brickell / loopnet.com

1221 Brickell / 42 Floors.

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LEED O+M: Existing Buildings (v2009) GOLD, AWARDED MAY 2015

SUSTAINABLE SITES AWARDED: 14 / 26

SSc1 LEED certified design and construction 4 / 4

SSc2 Building exterior and hardscape Mgmt plan 1 / 1

SSc3 Integrated pest Mgmt, erosion control, and landscape Mgmt plan 0 / 1

SSc4 Alternative commuting transportation 8 / 15

SSc5 Site development - protect or restore open habitat 0 / 1

SSc6 Stormwater quantity control 0 / 1

SSc7.1 Heat island effect - nonroof 1 / 1

SSc7.2 Heat island effect - roof 0 / 1

SSc8 Light pollution reduction 0 / 1

WATER EFFICIENCY AWARDED: 10 / 14

WEp1 Minimum indoor plumbing fixture and fitting efficiency REQUIRED

WEc1 Water performance measurement 2 / 2

WEc2 Additional indoor plumbing fixture and fitting efficiency 5 / 5

WEc3 Water efficient landscaping 2 / 5

WEc4 Cooling tower water Mgmt 1 / 2

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE AWARDED: 15 / 35

EAp1 Energy efficiency best Mgmt practices - REQUIRED

EAp2 Minimum energy efficiency performance REQUIRED

EAp3 Fundamental refrigerant Mgmt REQUIRED

EAc1 Optimize energy efficiency performance 10 / 18

EAc2.1 Existing building commissioning - investigation and analysis 0 / 2

EAc2.2 Existing building commissioning - implementation 0 / 2

EAc2.3 Existing building commissioning - ongoing commissioning 0 / 2

EAc3.1 Performance measurement - building automation system 0 / 1

EAc3.2 Performance measurement - system-level metering 0 / 2

EAc4 On-site and off-site renewable energy 4 / 6

EAc5 Enhanced refrigerant Mgmt 0 / 1

EAc6 Emissions reduction reporting 1 / 1

MATERIAL & RESOURCES AWARDED: 3 / 10

MRp1 Sustainable purchasing policy REQUIRED

MRp2 Solid waste Mgmt policy REQUIRED

MRc1 Sustainable purchasing - ongoing consumables 0 / 1

MRc2.1 Sustainable purchasing - electric-powered equipment 0 / 1

MRc2.2 Sustainable purchasing - furniture 0 / 1

MRc3 Sustainable purchasing - facility alterations and additions 0 / 1

MRc4 Sustainable purchasing - reduced mercury in lamps 1 / 1

MRc5 Sustainable purchasing - food 0 / 1

MRc6 Solid waste Mgmt - waste stream audit 1 / 1

MATERIAL & RESOURCES CONTINUED

MRc7 Solid waste Mgmt - ongoing consumables 1 / 1

MRc8 Solid waste Mgmt - durable goods 0 / 1

MRc9 Solid waste Mgmt - facility alterations and additions 0 / 1

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AWARDED: 10 / 15

EQp1 Minimum IAQ performance REQUIRED

EQp2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) control REQUIRED

EQp3 Green cleaning policy REQUIRED

EQc1.1 IAQ best Mgmt practices - IAQ Mgmt program 1 / 1

EQc1.2 IAQ best Mgmt practices - outdoor air delivery monitoring 0 / 1

EQc1.3 IAQ best Mgmt practices - increased ventilation 0 / 1

EQc1.4 IAQ best Mgmt practices - reduce particulates in air distribution 1 / 1

EQc1.5 IAQ best Mgmt practices - IAQ Mgmt for facility additions and alterations 0 / 1

EQc2.1 Occupant comfort - occupant survey 1 / 1

EQc2.2 Controllability of systems - lighting 1 / 1

EQc2.3 Occupant comfort - thermal comfort monitoring 0 / 1

EQc2.4 Daylight and views 0 / 1

EQc3.1 Green cleaning - high performance green cleaning program 1 / 1

EQc3.2 Green cleaning - custodial effectiveness assessment 1 / 1

EQc3.3 Green cleaning - purchase of sustainable cleaning products and materials 1 / 1

EQc3.4 Green cleaning - sustainable cleaning equipment 1 / 1

EQc3.5 Green cleaning - indoor chemical and pollutant source control 1 / 1

EQc3.6 Green cleaning - indoor integrated pest Mgmt 1 / 1

INNOVATION AWARDED: 5 / 6

IOc1 Innovation in operations 3 / 4

IOc2 LEED Accredited Professional 1 / 1

IOc3 Documenting sustainable building cost impacts 1 / 1

REGIONAL PRIORITY AWARDED: 3 / 4




INTEGRATIVE PROCESS CREDITS AWARDED: 0 / 2

IPpc89 Social equity within the community REQUIRED

IPpc90 Social equity within the operations and maintenance staff REQUIRED

TOTAL 60 / 110

40-49 Points

CERTIFIED

50-59 Points

SILVER

60-79 Points

GOLD

80+ Points

PLATINUM

1000054434, Miami, FL

1221 Brickell Recertification

1221 Brickell. Aerial View Golden Dusk Photography

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TOTAL 60 / 110

40-49 Points

CERTIFIED

50-59 Points

SILVER

60-79 Points

GOLD

80+ Points

PLATINUM

1000054434, Miami, FL


The 1221 Brickell Building its Gold Certified by the LEED Accreditation System with a total of 60 points. Our objective is to achieve Platinum Certification or at least increase the point quantity inside the the Gold Certification to create a more stronger base for a future intent. For this our design need to gain a minimum of 20 more points.

Sustainability Analysis

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TOTAL 60 / 110

40-49 Points

CERTIFIED

50-59 Points

SILVER

60-79 Points

GOLD

80+ Points

PLATINUM

1000054434, Miami, FL


As we can see that the major areas where our design can impact the score card will be the Energy & Atmosphere category. This category focuses on the strategies and technologies to address energy use and consumption reduction.Materials and Resources: this category detail strategies to minimize the environmental impact of building materials, how to asses and select materials and what to do with them after their useful life. This is another area where our design proposal can impact in a significant way the score card since only 3 out of 10 points are currently achieve.

Finally the last category where we have the possibility to increase the score is Indoor Environmental Quality. This area of the certification process its critically important since Americans typically spend about 90 percent of their time indoors. The focus is on enhance the lives of the building occupants lowering the levels of indoor pollutants and creating strategies to improve indoor environments in matters of lighting, acoustics and the overall occupant experiences.

LEED Check List & Analysis

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Design Strategies

Greater Downtown Miami Unsplash.com

• Outdoor Conection: Creating a connection between the indoor environment and the Outdoor the occupants of the space not only can befit of a restorative experience but this can also help, with the use of natural light, to decrease the electricity consumption.

• Implementation of Green Walls: The use of Green walls in strategic areas of the space can help to naturally cool down the building reducing the the solar reflective index value and also to increase the sense of wellbeing.

• Windows: The building envelope thermal performance that include the selection of eh windows can reduce drastically energy demands by ensuring a thermal break between interior and exterior.

• Renewable Energy: Generating on site renewable energy can reduce the amount of energy needed from the supplied grid. The deign proposal need to address this point to create a small footprint of the building.

• Conservation of Materials: The new design should implement dual purpose spaces and eliminate unused ones.

• Reduction of Materials: Space studs at 24 inches instead of the typical 16 inches could help with the reduction of material use on the new design.

• Furniture Selection: The selection of furniture in the new design should be guided by the cradle to cradle certification since this ones are composed of recycled content and will help to avoid landfills and the need of virgin materials.

• Purchasing Selection: The identification of local sources environmentally preferable products. The selection should be evaluated based on their upstream and downstream impact.

• Green Materials: The selection of interior finishes, equipment and materials need to be guided by third party certifications as Green Seal, Energy Star and Forest Stewardship Council.

• Smoke Areas: The creation of smoke areas outside the building can help to improve patrons satisfaction and at the same time improving the indoor air quality.

• Monitor Airflow: Incorporation of airflow measurements devices to measure and control the minimum airflow rate.

• Thermal Comfort: The installation of operable windows for fresh air access.

• Lighting: The use of day light sensors to trigger alternative light sources only when its need it.

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References1221 Brickell Leed Scorecard. USGBC https://www.usgbc.org/projects

Artiza, A. (2017) 1450 Brickell is where you want to be when disaster strikes. The New Topic. Retrieved from https://thenewtropic.com/1450-brickell/

Brickell City Centre / Arquitectonica + ArquitectonicaGEO (n.d) Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/899814/brickell-city-centre-arquitectonicageo

Brickell City Centre: The arquitectonica-designed mixed-use mega complex in Miami (n.d) Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/brickell-city-centre-miami-swire-properties-arquitectonica-06-20-2017/

Brickell [Wikipedia Page] (n.d.) Retrieved October 2, 2019 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickell

Davidson,Lisa.(2019) Miami, a cultural city guide: rich in cutting-edge art and culture, there’s more Magic City than pool parties and Art Deco icons... WE Heart. Retrieved from: https://www.we-heart.com/2019/03/22/miami-city-guide-art-culture/

Larin, Andres.(2017) Brickell rent prices arent BUilding-yet. Retrieved from: https://brickell.com/brickell-rent-prices/

Miami Downtown Authority (2009) DWNTWN MIAMI... Epicenter of the Americas. 2025 Downtown Miami Master Plan [PDF Document] Retrieved from https://www.miamidda.com/data-resources/collateral/

Miami Downtown Authority (2018) Greater Downtown Miami Demographics [PDF Document] Retrieved from https://www.miamidda.com/data-resources/collateral/

Miami Downtown Authority (2019) Miami Tech Ecosystem Report [PDF Document] Retrieved from https://www.miamidda.com/data-resources/collateral/

Miami Downtown Authority (2018) Office Tenant Trends in Downtown Miami. A look at patterns of business industry demands [PDF Document] Retrieved from https://www.miamidda.com/data-resources/collateral/

Skycraper Architecture (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/skyscraper.htm

Steel,Jefreey.(2019) Why Brickell is Miami Fastest-Growing Neighborhood. Forbes Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffsteele/2019/03/29/why-brickell-is-miamis-fastest-growing-neighborhood/#32aeb76f7cd0

Sun Diagrams. Retrieved October 1, 2019 from https://www.suncalc.org/#/25.7614,-80.1914,19/2019.12.21/17:00/1/3

The Iconic giants of Miamis cityscape: Icon Brickell and Icon South Beach. (2019) Retrieved from: https://blog.kmpfurniture.com/2019/03/iconic-giants-miamis-cityscape-icon-brickell-icon-south-beach/

Thorpe, Caroline. (2019) Five reasons to live in Brickell, Miami. Retrieved from: https://propertylistings.ft.com/propertynews/miami/5814-five-reasons-to-live-in-brickell-miami.html

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List of FiguresCover Page Soorma, M. (2018). Downtown Miami Skyline [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://unsplash.com/photos/KTdzeb28jyo

Page 2Shane, L. (2012). Brickell Arch [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/192599321536104156/?lp=true

Page 31221 Brickell Location. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.snazzymaps.com

Page 4-5Brickell Skyline (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.brickell.com

Page 6Kelley, M. (2017) Brickell City Centre, Overall View. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/brickell-city-centre-miami-swire-properties-arquitectonica-06-20-2017/

Page 8Azam, U. (2018) Brickell City Centre. Interior View. [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.unsplash.com

Page 9Couple running in Brickell Bay (n.d.) [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.panoramatower.com

Page 10Brickell Key (n.d.) [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.cervera.com

Page 12Icon Brickell (n.d.) [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.patriciamontalvan.com

Page 13Rise Tower (n.d.) [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.brickellcitycentre.com

Page 141450 Brickell (n.d.) n.d.) [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.thenewtropic.com

Page 15New York Focus. Miami Tower [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.colorkinetics.com

Page 161221 Brickell Avenue (n.d.) [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.loopnet.com

Page 171221 Brickell (n.d.) [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.42floors.com

Page 18Golden Dusk Photography (2017) 1221 Brickell. Aerial View. [Photograph] Retrieved from https://www.goldenduskphotography.com/blog/2017/4/26/1221-brickell-purchased-for-155m

Page 21Rutherford, S. (2018) Greater Downtown Miami. [Photograph] Retrieved from https://unsplash.com/photos/P4tbpnpz61Y

Back Cover Shane, L. (2012). Brickell Arch [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/192599321536104156/?lp=true

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Documents

Interior Design and Technology Advances in the Tech Workplace. · 2019-10-08 · rapid development. A public walkway along the river and extending ... buildings, office buildings,