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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6 | 3
Decoding Needs of Studentsin Upper Elementary and
Middle School
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How Students Acquire Vocabulary
1. Direct Instruction2. Wide Reading3. Context
- Helpful- Hindrance
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Elements of EffectiveVocabulary Instruction
• Awareness of Words• Wide Reading • Direct Instruction
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Figure 6.1: Decisions to Make About Teaching Selection Vocabulary.
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Tiers of Words
1. Tier One Words2. Tier Two Words3. Tier Three Words
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Vocabulary Strategiesfor Student Independence
• Inferring Word Meaning from Context
• Concept of Definition (word map)
• Semantic Mapping• Semantic Feature
Analysis• Hierarchical & Linear
Array
• Preview in Context• Contextual Redefinition• Vocabulary Self-
collection• Structural Analysis• Dictionary/Thesaurus
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6 | 9
Figure 6.2: Intermediate and Middle-
School Strategy Poster for
Inferring Word Meanings
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Figure 6.3: Completed WordMap for Ice Cream.
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Terms You Need to Know
■ base words■ context■ direct teaching■ hierarchical array■ inflectional endings■ linear array■ prefixes
■ root words■ semantic feature
analysis■ suffixes■ Tier One Words■ Tier Two Words■ Tier Three Words■ word bank (word file,
word book)