International Association of Snowmobile Administrators Groomer Operator Training Resource Guide Chapter 3: Managing Grooming Operations, Equipment, and

International Association of Snowmobile Administrators

Groomer Operator Groomer Operator Training Resource Training Resource

GuideGuideChapter 3:Chapter 3:

Managing GroomingManaging GroomingOperations, Equipment,Operations, Equipment,

and Safetyand Safety


Grooming OperationsGrooming Operations Understanding the “big picture” Understanding the “big picture”

helps facilitate a better, more helps facilitate a better, more effective grooming operation.effective grooming operation.

Successful grooming programs Successful grooming programs require a great deal of planning require a great deal of planning and management.and management.

Having a “Grooming Manager” Having a “Grooming Manager” is a key to success.is a key to success.


Establishing Grooming Establishing Grooming Priorities:Priorities: Factors to Factors to

ConsiderConsider Base of operations.Base of operations. Snowmobile use and traffic patterns.Snowmobile use and traffic patterns. Locations of parking areas and services.Locations of parking areas and services. How many groomers available for how How many groomers available for how

many miles/kilometers of trail.many miles/kilometers of trail. Budget available for season’s length.Budget available for season’s length. Cost to groom one mile/km of trail once.Cost to groom one mile/km of trail once.


Operator SelectionOperator Selection Good equipment is not a substitute for Good equipment is not a substitute for

poor operators.poor operators. Operators should have ability to Operators should have ability to

operate heavy equipment and have a operate heavy equipment and have a fairly high degree of mechanical fairly high degree of mechanical aptitude since on-trail repairs and aptitude since on-trail repairs and adjustments are inevitable. adjustments are inevitable.

Must be able to work alone in remote Must be able to work alone in remote areas and at odd hours, nights, and areas and at odd hours, nights, and weekends.weekends.


Operator TrainingOperator TrainingOperators should be thoroughly Operators should be thoroughly

instructed and tested on:instructed and tested on:

1.1. Operating features of Operating features of equipment.equipment.

2.2. Grooming principles and Grooming principles and procedures.procedures.

3.3. Maintenance schedules.Maintenance schedules.

4.4. Safe operating procedures.Safe operating procedures.


Operator TrainingOperator Training Checklist should be used to deliver Checklist should be used to deliver

effective and consistent operator effective and consistent operator training.training.

Training should include “hands-on” time.Training should include “hands-on” time.


Operator SafetyOperator Safety

Always wear seat belts Always wear seat belts with shoulder strapswith shoulder straps – – operators and passengers can be operators and passengers can be launched into the windshield if launched into the windshield if vehicle hits fixed objects like vehicle hits fixed objects like rocks and stumps, which can rocks and stumps, which can cause a very abrupt, dangerous cause a very abrupt, dangerous stop.stop.


Operator SafetyOperator Safety Be visible to snowmobilersBe visible to snowmobilers – –

always use reflective surfaces on always use reflective surfaces on equipment and operate with front equipment and operate with front and rear lights and top-mounted and rear lights and top-mounted amber beacon or strobe light “amber beacon or strobe light “ON”ON” at all times – day or night.at all times – day or night.

Also operate a Communicator Radio Also operate a Communicator Radio Beacon in the tractor at all times. Beacon in the tractor at all times.


Operator SafetyOperator Safety

Be prepared for troubleBe prepared for trouble – – grooming equipment grooming equipment WILLWILL malfunction, break and get malfunction, break and get stuck, so contemplate all stuck, so contemplate all potential problems. Have potential problems. Have emergency procedures in place emergency procedures in place and carry tools, spare parts, and carry tools, spare parts, supplies, first aid kits, GPS, etc.supplies, first aid kits, GPS, etc.


Essential Tools to Always Essential Tools to Always CarryCarry

AxeAxe ChainsawChainsaw JackJack Snow ShovelSnow Shovel Chain/Tow StrapChain/Tow Strap Come-Along or WinchCome-Along or Winch RopeRope FlashlightFlashlight


Safety/Emergency Safety/Emergency Equipment to Also Consider Equipment to Also Consider

Carrying in GroomerCarrying in Groomer First Aid KitFirst Aid Kit Foil BlanketFoil Blanket FlaresFlares Spare ClothingSpare Clothing TowelsTowels Hand CleanerHand Cleaner OilOil Sledge HammerSledge Hammer

Spare BatteriesSpare Batteries Weatherproof Weatherproof

MatchesMatches Hydraulic Hydraulic

Hoses/FittingsHoses/Fittings ToolsTools Snow ScraperSnow Scraper Hi-Lift JackHi-Lift Jack


Safety/Emergency Safety/Emergency Equipment to Also Consider Equipment to Also Consider

Carrying in GroomerCarrying in Groomer Extra FuelExtra Fuel Orange Spray Orange Spray

PaintPaint Fire ExtinguisherFire Extinguisher ChainsChains Pry BarPry Bar PaperPaper Plate for JackPlate for Jack

Tree StrapTree Strap StakesStakes Butane Butane

Torch/HeaterTorch/Heater At least 4 – 14” At least 4 – 14”

High-Visibility High-Visibility Traffic ConesTraffic Cones

High Energy FoodHigh Energy Food Drinking WaterDrinking Water


Operator SafetyOperator Safety Avoid grooming across iceAvoid grooming across ice – –

many jurisdictions prohibit ice many jurisdictions prohibit ice crossings. crossings.

If necessary, establish procedures If necessary, establish procedures to test and monitor ice thickness to test and monitor ice thickness and quality. Also consider installing and quality. Also consider installing an escape hatch (sun roof) for an escape hatch (sun roof) for emergency operator exit in the emergency operator exit in the event tractor falls through the ice.event tractor falls through the ice.


Operator SafetyOperator Safety Stay in communication Stay in communication – –

always carry a 2-way radio, cell always carry a 2-way radio, cell phone, or satellite phone phone, or satellite phone that that works in the area.works in the area.

Work the planWork the plan – file a Trip Plan – file a Trip Plan with route and scheduled check-in with route and scheduled check-in times; if an emergency occurs or times; if an emergency occurs or contact is lost – all should stick to contact is lost – all should stick to the plan and work it.the plan and work it.


Operator SafetyOperator Safety Carry extra signs for replacementCarry extra signs for replacement – –

replacing missing signs (particularly replacing missing signs (particularly safety and regulatory signs) helps ensure safety and regulatory signs) helps ensure route will be safe for riders, as well as route will be safe for riders, as well as the groomer the next time it must pass the groomer the next time it must pass through that area.through that area.

Groomer operator is often the most Groomer operator is often the most familiar with the trail’s signs, so carry familiar with the trail’s signs, so carry extra signs, stakes, and fasteners for extra signs, stakes, and fasteners for timely replacement of anything that is timely replacement of anything that is missing.missing.


Operator SafetyOperator Safety Routine preventative Routine preventative

maintenancemaintenance – the importance of – the importance of effective Preventative Maintenance effective Preventative Maintenance to safety should not be to safety should not be underestimated.underestimated.

Well maintained equipment is far Well maintained equipment is far less likely to injure an operator or less likely to injure an operator or strand an operator in a dangerous strand an operator in a dangerous situation.situation.


Operator SafetyOperator Safety Check equipment Check equipment PRIORPRIOR to to

departuredeparture – Check: fuel and fluid – Check: fuel and fluid levels; the tracks; hydraulic lines; levels; the tracks; hydraulic lines; for cracked or broken parts; the for cracked or broken parts; the flashlight, tool, and emergency kits; flashlight, tool, and emergency kits; and for adequate spare clothing in and for adequate spare clothing in case the heater or tractor quit.case the heater or tractor quit.

DO NOTDO NOT LEAVELEAVE unless everything unless everything checks out OK and is in place.checks out OK and is in place.


Stopping on the Trail:Stopping on the Trail:

PLANNED STOPSPLANNED STOPS Operator has full control over Operator has full control over

where and when the stop is made; where and when the stop is made; the groomer is parked well off the the groomer is parked well off the main trail.main trail.

Typically done off-trail where you Typically done off-trail where you know terrain is safe and snow is know terrain is safe and snow is compacted well enough to support compacted well enough to support tractor: along open straight-aways, tractor: along open straight-aways, intersections, parking lots, etc.intersections, parking lots, etc.


Stopping on the Trail:Stopping on the Trail:

UNPLANNED FULL UNPLANNED FULL STOPSSTOPS

Use best judgment and extreme Use best judgment and extreme cautioncaution

Sleds approaching groomer from front,Sleds approaching groomer from front, Informational stop by snowmobiler,Informational stop by snowmobiler, Repairs to trail or removing blow-Repairs to trail or removing blow-

down,down, Mechanical failure of groomer or stuck Mechanical failure of groomer or stuck

on trail,on trail, Assistance to disabled snowmobiler,Assistance to disabled snowmobiler, Crash related stop.Crash related stop.


Snowmobiles Approaching Snowmobiles Approaching Groomer from FrontGroomer from Front

When on a narrow trail – move When on a narrow trail – move groomer to far right side of trail groomer to far right side of trail as quickly as possible and stop.as quickly as possible and stop.

After checking to see that no After checking to see that no traffic is coming from opposite traffic is coming from opposite direction – signal to riders to direction – signal to riders to proceed past the groomer.proceed past the groomer.


Informational Stop by Informational Stop by Snowmobiler in Unsafe Snowmobiler in Unsafe

AreaArea Tell Tell

snowmobiler it snowmobiler it is not a safe is not a safe location to stop.location to stop.

Request them to Request them to follow you down follow you down the trail to a the trail to a safer location safer location where you’ll where you’ll answer their answer their questions.questions.


Stops for Repairs to Trail or Stops for Repairs to Trail or Removing Blow-DownsRemoving Blow-Downs

If you anticipate the time needed If you anticipate the time needed to make repair or remove to make repair or remove obstacle will be relatively short – obstacle will be relatively short – make sure all warning lights are make sure all warning lights are turned on, quickly make the turned on, quickly make the corrections, and get back corrections, and get back underway as soon as possible.underway as soon as possible.


Stops for Repairs to Trail or Stops for Repairs to Trail or Removing Blow-DownsRemoving Blow-Downs

If the stop is If the stop is anticipated to anticipated to take a longer take a longer period of time, period of time, place warning place warning devices on trail devices on trail to warn riders of to warn riders of the groomer’s the groomer’s presence. presence.


Mechanical Failure of Mechanical Failure of GroomerGroomer

or Stuck on the Trailor Stuck on the Trail If the groomer becomes disabled or If the groomer becomes disabled or stuck on the trail and cannot be moved stuck on the trail and cannot be moved – take action quickly by placing – take action quickly by placing warning devices in the front and rear of warning devices in the front and rear of the groomer.the groomer.


Assistance to Disabled Assistance to Disabled SnowmobileSnowmobile

If you anticipate there will be a If you anticipate there will be a need to be in the location for an need to be in the location for an extended time – park the groomer extended time – park the groomer as far right on trail as possible and as far right on trail as possible and also place warning devices.also place warning devices.

If communications are available – If communications are available – call for assistance for snowmobiler call for assistance for snowmobiler and get back underway again and get back underway again ASAP.ASAP.


Crash Related StopCrash Related Stop

If you come If you come upon the site of upon the site of any crash – any crash – presume it is presume it is most likely an most likely an “unsafe site.” “unsafe site.”

DO NOTDO NOT proceed until proceed until the site is made the site is made safe!safe!



First, park First, park groomer as far to groomer as far to right as possible right as possible and place and place warning devices.warning devices.

Secure the site Secure the site and assess and assess situation for any situation for any injuries.injuries.



If the accident is If the accident is because a because a snowmobile snowmobile collided with the collided with the groomer – do groomer – do not move the not move the equipment, just equipment, just secure the secure the scene.scene.



Assess the situation to determine Assess the situation to determine if current resources at the scene if current resources at the scene are sufficient to handle the are sufficient to handle the emergency.emergency.

If “yes” – offer any If “yes” – offer any

assistance you can give assistance you can give

and stay at site until the and stay at site until the

trail has been cleared.trail has been cleared.


Crash Related Stop – If Crash Related Stop – If situation is not being situation is not being

handled, take control and:handled, take control and:A.A. Call dispatch, 911, or send someone for Call dispatch, 911, or send someone for

help;help;B.B. State problem or situation;State problem or situation;C.C. Give the number of injured, if any;Give the number of injured, if any;D.D. Give the location, trail number, or trail Give the location, trail number, or trail

name;name;E.E. If known, state best way for rescue to If known, state best way for rescue to

arrive;arrive;F.F. Stay calm and do not talk too much; Stay calm and do not talk too much; G.G. Don’t move injured, but protect all victims Don’t move injured, but protect all victims

at scene and keep them warm; at scene and keep them warm;


Crash Related Stop – If Crash Related Stop – If situation is not being situation is not being

handled, take control and:handled, take control and:H.H. If there are bystanders, ask them to either If there are bystanders, ask them to either

close trail or direct traffic until other help close trail or direct traffic until other help arrives;arrives;

I.I. Update emergency personnel upon their Update emergency personnel upon their arrival;arrival;

J.J. DOCUMENT, DOCUMENT, DOCUMENTDOCUMENT, DOCUMENT, DOCUMENT After the scene has been turned over to After the scene has been turned over to emergency personnel, write down everything that emergency personnel, write down everything that you observed and that transpired while you were you observed and that transpired while you were at the accident scene. And don’t talk to others at the accident scene. And don’t talk to others about the incident.about the incident.


Operator Guidelines and Operator Guidelines and PoliciesPolicies

No alcohol or drugsNo alcohol or drugs – impaired – impaired operators present a severe safety risk operators present a severe safety risk and increased liability. and increased liability.

No smokingNo smoking – absolutely prohibited – absolutely prohibited around refueling, shop, and around refueling, shop, and maintenance areas; may also be banned maintenance areas; may also be banned in tractor cab. in tractor cab.

No firearmsNo firearms – present a safety and – present a safety and liability issue and should not be carried liability issue and should not be carried in tractor.in tractor.



Passengers in groomerPassengers in groomer – while some – while some areas routinely operate with a driver and areas routinely operate with a driver and an assistant, others prohibit passengers an assistant, others prohibit passengers not associated with the grooming not associated with the grooming operation. operation.

Safety is the key issueSafety is the key issue: 1) is the operator : 1) is the operator competent enough to not be distracted by a competent enough to not be distracted by a passenger, and 2) the Grooming Manager passenger, and 2) the Grooming Manager needs to know how many to rescue in the needs to know how many to rescue in the event of an emergency.event of an emergency.



CommunicationsCommunications are key to the are key to the success of any grooming program – success of any grooming program – always have a formal always have a formal communications plan and follow it. communications plan and follow it.

CommunicateCommunicate: weather : weather conditions, large groups, trail conditions, large groups, trail conditions, hazards, leave times, conditions, hazards, leave times, planned grooming routes, safe planned grooming routes, safe return at end of shift, etc.return at end of shift, etc.


Preparing the TrailPreparing the Trail

Remove bumps, holes and Remove bumps, holes and debris PRIOR to snowfalldebris PRIOR to snowfall:: preparation and smoothing of the preparation and smoothing of the trail’s sub-base (dirt, gravel, grass, trail’s sub-base (dirt, gravel, grass, road, etc.) prior to freeze-up and road, etc.) prior to freeze-up and snowfall can be the single most snowfall can be the single most important item to help provide a important item to help provide a smooth, stable winter trail.smooth, stable winter trail.



Trail maintenance prior to snowfall can Trail maintenance prior to snowfall can help make trails smoother in the winter. help make trails smoother in the winter. It is a good investment of time and It is a good investment of time and money.money.



Bumps and holes in Bumps and holes in the ground will the ground will also produce also produce bumps in the trail bumps in the trail after snowfall; they after snowfall; they can reappear as can reappear as moguls on heavily moguls on heavily traveled trails traveled trails almost immediately almost immediately after grooming.after grooming.



Brush, stumps, Brush, stumps, and debris should and debris should be removed from be removed from trail where they trail where they could be a hazard could be a hazard or block visibility.or block visibility.

Keep debris off Keep debris off the trail to help the trail to help prevent prevent premature thaws.premature thaws.



Limb trees to Limb trees to improve trail improve trail visibility and visibility and safety, protect safety, protect equipment from equipment from damage, and to damage, and to open up the open up the canopy so snow canopy so snow can reach the can reach the trail’s surface.trail’s surface.


Early Season Trail Early Season Trail PreparationPreparation

First snowfallsFirst snowfalls processed on the processed on the trail often create the base for trail often create the base for remainder of the winter; an early remainder of the winter; an early solid, smooth base will help keep solid, smooth base will help keep the trail smoother throughout the the trail smoother throughout the season.season.

Early snowfalls often contain more Early snowfalls often contain more free water and can compact well, free water and can compact well, so vigorous smoothing and heavy so vigorous smoothing and heavy compacting is important.compacting is important.



Newly fallen snow layersNewly fallen snow layers should should ideally be cut to 6 inches (15 cm) or ideally be cut to 6 inches (15 cm) or less before compacting to ensure less before compacting to ensure full compaction throughout the full compaction throughout the layer.layer.

Thick layers of newly fallen snow Thick layers of newly fallen snow typically do not compact well; this typically do not compact well; this often can result in a less dense base often can result in a less dense base layer that is more prone to mogul layer that is more prone to mogul formation.formation.



Areas prone to wetnessAreas prone to wetness (like low or (like low or swampy crossings): advantageous to swampy crossings): advantageous to keep snow thickness to a minimum in keep snow thickness to a minimum in early part of season. This allows early part of season. This allows underlying soil to freeze and become underlying soil to freeze and become stable; frozen layer of earth will also stable; frozen layer of earth will also help keep trail solid later into spring.help keep trail solid later into spring.

Since snow is an excellent insulator, Since snow is an excellent insulator, keep thin but covered so ground keep thin but covered so ground remains frozen.remains frozen.



Some wet areas (like springs, seeps) Some wet areas (like springs, seeps) never freeze to any degree. They never freeze to any degree. They should be a concern throughout season, should be a concern throughout season, particularly if they produce ice flows. particularly if they produce ice flows. Sometimes these areas can be covered Sometimes these areas can be covered with materials like wood chips to with materials like wood chips to minimize carryover of mud and dirt minimize carryover of mud and dirt onto the adjacent trail surface.onto the adjacent trail surface.

If possible, avoid such areas with the If possible, avoid such areas with the trail.trail.


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz1.1. Ensuring the safety of groomer Ensuring the safety of groomer

operators includes:operators includes:a)a) making sure they are prepared for trouble making sure they are prepared for trouble by by carrying safety and emergency carrying safety and emergency equipmentequipmentb)b) providing them with communications providing them with communications equipment equipment and requiring them to file a and requiring them to file a trip plantrip planc) c) a good preventative maintenance programa good preventative maintenance programd)d) requiring that they wear seat belts requiring that they wear seat beltse)e) a and b above a and b abovef)f) a, b, c, and d above a, b, c, and d above


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz1.1. Ensuring the safety of groomer Ensuring the safety of groomer

operators includes:operators includes:a)a) making sure they are prepared for trouble making sure they are prepared for trouble by by carrying safety and emergency carrying safety and emergency equipmentequipmentb)b) providing them with communications providing them with communications equipment equipment and requiring them to file a and requiring them to file a trip plantrip planc) c) a good preventative maintenance programa good preventative maintenance programd)d) requiring that they wear seat belts requiring that they wear seat beltse)e) a and b above a and b abovef) a, b, c, and d abovef) a, b, c, and d above


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz2.2. New equipment helps compensate New equipment helps compensate

for poor equipment operators.for poor equipment operators. True or True or

FalseFalse

3.3. Budget, weather, and traffic Budget, weather, and traffic patterns should be considered patterns should be considered when developing and managing when developing and managing weekly grooming schedules. weekly grooming schedules.

True or FalseTrue or False


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz2.2. New equipment helps New equipment helps

compensate for poor equipment compensate for poor equipment operators.operators.

FalseFalse

3.3. Budget, weather, and traffic Budget, weather, and traffic patterns should be considered patterns should be considered when developing and managing when developing and managing weekly grooming schedules. weekly grooming schedules.

TrueTrue


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz4.4. Groomer operators should never Groomer operators should never

operate equipment while under the operate equipment while under the influence of drugs or alcohol because influence of drugs or alcohol because their abilities and judgment will be their abilities and judgment will be impaired. impaired. True or FalseTrue or False

5.5. When parked on the trail, always shut When parked on the trail, always shut the groomer’s lights off to avoid the groomer’s lights off to avoid blinding or distracting oncoming blinding or distracting oncoming snowmobile traffic. snowmobile traffic.

True or FalseTrue or False


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz4.4. Groomer operators should never Groomer operators should never

operate equipment while under the operate equipment while under the influence of drugs or alcohol because influence of drugs or alcohol because their abilities and judgment will be their abilities and judgment will be impaired. impaired. TrueTrue

5.5. When parked on the trail, always shut When parked on the trail, always shut the groomer’s lights off to avoid the groomer’s lights off to avoid blinding or distracting oncoming blinding or distracting oncoming snowmobile traffic. snowmobile traffic.

FalseFalse


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz6.6. A Grooming Manager:A Grooming Manager:

a)a) someone who directs all aspects of a someone who directs all aspects of a grooming grooming program and establishes program and establishes priorities and schedulespriorities and schedulesb)b) important for a successful grooming important for a successful grooming programprogramc) c) anyone who wants to be in chargeanyone who wants to be in charged)d) should understand heavy equipment should understand heavy equipment operation, operation, maintenance, snow maintenance, snow mechanics, and be able to mechanics, and be able to work with work with peoplepeoplee)e) a, b, and d above a, b, and d abovef)f) a, b, c, and d above a, b, c, and d above


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz6.6. A Grooming Manager:A Grooming Manager:

a)a) someone who directs all aspects of a someone who directs all aspects of a grooming grooming program and establishes program and establishes priorities and schedulespriorities and schedulesb)b) important for a successful grooming important for a successful grooming programprogramc) c) anyone who wants to be in chargeanyone who wants to be in charged)d) should understand heavy equipment should understand heavy equipment operation, operation, maintenance, snow maintenance, snow mechanics, and be able to mechanics, and be able to work with work with peoplepeoplee)e) a, b, and d above a, b, and d abovef) a, b, c, and d abovef) a, b, c, and d above


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz

7.7. A mid-day grooming in high A mid-day grooming in high traffic areas may be useful to traffic areas may be useful to keep moguls from getting too keep moguls from getting too deep, but a second grooming deep, but a second grooming should be scheduled that same should be scheduled that same night to provide better conditions night to provide better conditions and proper time for effective trail and proper time for effective trail setup. setup. True True or Falseor False


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz

7.7. A mid-day grooming in high A mid-day grooming in high traffic areas may be useful to traffic areas may be useful to keep moguls from getting too keep moguls from getting too deep, but a second grooming deep, but a second grooming should be scheduled that same should be scheduled that same night to provide better conditions night to provide better conditions and proper time for effective trail and proper time for effective trail setup. setup.

TrueTrue


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz8.8. The following factors should be considered The following factors should be considered

when establishing grooming priorities:when establishing grooming priorities:a)a) available labor and operating budget available labor and operating budget

b)b) number of groomers available number of groomers available

c) c) total miles/kilometers of trail to be groomedtotal miles/kilometers of trail to be groomed

d)d) snowmobile traffic patterns snowmobile traffic patterns

e)e) locations of businesses, parking areas & locations of businesses, parking areas & attractionsattractions

f)f) length of season, snow conditions, weather length of season, snow conditions, weather patternspatterns

g)g) all of the above all of the above


Chapter 3 QuizChapter 3 Quiz8.8. The following factors should be considered The following factors should be considered

when establishing grooming priorities:when establishing grooming priorities:a)a) available labor and operating budget available labor and operating budget

b)b) number of groomers available number of groomers available

c) c) total miles/kilometers of trail to be groomedtotal miles/kilometers of trail to be groomed

d)d) snowmobile traffic patterns snowmobile traffic patterns

e)e) locations of businesses, parking areas & locations of businesses, parking areas & attractionsattractions

f)f) length of season, snow conditions, weather length of season, snow conditions, weather patternspatterns

g) all of the aboveg) all of the above


Chapter 3 – Training Program Photo CreditsChapter 3 – Training Program Photo Credits

Kim Raap – Trails Work ConsultingKim Raap – Trails Work ConsultingNew Hampshire Bureau of TrailsNew Hampshire Bureau of Trails

New Hampshire Fish & Game DepartmentNew Hampshire Fish & Game DepartmentSouth Dakota Department of Game, Fish & ParksSouth Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks

Wyoming State Trails ProgramWyoming State Trails Program

Project ManagerProject ManagerKim Raap – Trails Work ConsultingKim Raap – Trails Work Consulting

4015 S. Brady Court – Sioux Falls, SD 571034015 S. Brady Court – Sioux Falls, SD 57103(605) 371-9799 (605) 371-9799 [email protected]@aol.com

Contact IASA at Contact IASA at www.snowiasa.orgwww.snowiasa.org


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT & DISCLAIMERACKNOWLEDGEMENT & DISCLAIMER

This series of Power Point training slides has been produced to accompany Chapters 1 – 6 of Guidelines for Snowmobile Trail Groomer Operator Training – A Resource Guide for Trail Grooming Managers and Equipment Operators which was produced by the International Association of Snowmobile Administrators (IASA) in 2005. This project has been produced by IASA, with financial assistance from the Recreational

Trails Program administered by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), to aid local operator training.

This training program is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States

Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The contents of this program do not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.

Special recognition is given to the many agencies, companies, and individuals whose photos have been used for demonstration purposes in this project. Sponsors of this project do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturer’s names

appear in this training program only because they are considered essential to the object of these training slides.

Copyright © 2007 Owned by the International Association of Snowmobile Administrators. All Rights Reserved.

Documents

International Association of Snowmobile Administrators Groomer Operator Training Resource Guide Chapter 3: Managing Grooming Operations, Equipment, and