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International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Perspective on Small and Medium
Reactors Platts 4th Annual SMR Conference
Washington, DC 30 May 2013
Mark J. Harper 1
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency 4
Nuclear Nuclear Power
Technology Development
Section
Water Cooled
Reactors
Gas Cooled
Reactors
Fast Reactors
Small and Medium
Size Reactors
Non-Electric Applications
Department of Nuclear Energy
International Atomic Energy Agency Reference: IAEA-PRIS
Current Status
International Atomic Energy Agency Reference: IAEA-PRIS
Nuclear Share
International Atomic Energy Agency Reference: IAEA-PRIS
Country Overview
International Atomic Energy Agency Reference: IAEA-PRIS
2012 Status Changes 3 new connections to the grid:
SHIN-WOLSONG-1 (960 MWe, PWR, KOREA) on 27 January SHIN-KORI-2 (960 MWe, PWR, KOREA) on 28 January NINGDE 1 (1000 MW(e), PWR, CHINA) on 28 December
3 final shutdowns: OLDBURY-A1 (217 MWe, GCR, UK) on 29 February WYLFA 2 (490 MW(e), GCR, UK) on 25 April GENTILLY-2 (635 MW(e), PHWR, CANADA) on 28 December
7 construction starts: BALTIISK-1 (1082 MWe, PWR-VVER, Russia), 22 February SHIN-ULCHIN-1 (1340 MW(e), PWR, KOREA REP.) on 10 July BARAKAH 1 (1345 MW(e), PWR, UAE) on 18 July FUQING 4 (1000 MW(e), PWR, CHINA) on 17 November YANGJIANG 4 (1000 MW(e), PWR, CHINA) on 17 November SHIDAO BAY 1 (200 MW(e), HTGR, CHINA) on 9 December TIANWAN 3 (933 MW(e), PWR, CHINA) on 27 December
2 cancelled constructions: BELENE 1 & 2 (953 MWe, PWR-VVER V-466, BULGARIA) on 28 March
International Atomic Energy Agency Reference: IAEA-PRIS
2013 Status Changes 1 new connection to the grid:
HONGYANHE 1 (1000 MW(e), PWR, CHINA) on 18 February 2 final shutdowns:
CRYSTAL RIVER-3 (860 MW(e), PWR, USA) on 5 February KEWAUNEE (566 MW(e), PWR, USA) on 7 May
2 construction starts :
VIRGIL C. SUMMER-2 (1117 MW(e), PWR, USA) on 9 March VOGTLE-3 (1117 MW(e), PWR, USA) on 12 March
International Atomic Energy Agency Reference: IAEA-PRIS
Age of 2013 Operating Reactors
International Atomic Energy Agency 11
436 Operating Reactors, 30 May 2013
International Atomic Energy Agency 12
Under Construction 30 May 2013
International Atomic Energy Agency 13
Trend of Construction Starts
International Atomic Energy Agency 14
Reactor Constructions by Type CAREM, 27 MWe,
Argentina
Shidawan Bay-1 HTR-PM, 200 MWe, China
Kalpakkam PFBR (LMFBR) 500 MWe, India
Chasnupp-3/4, 300 MWe, Pakistan
KLT40, 40 MWe, Russia
Mochovce-3/4, 440 MWe, Slovakia
S < 300 Mwe 300 MWe < M < 700 MWe
BWR: Boiling Light-Water-Cooled and Moderated Reactor PWR: Pressurized Light-Water-Moderated and Cooled Reactor FBR: Fast Breeder Reactor HTGR: High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor LWGR: Light-Water-Cooled, Graphite-Moderated Reactor PHWR: Pressurized Heavy-Water-Moderated and Cooled Reactor
Kakrapar-3/4 & Rajashtan-7/8, 640 MWe, India
CHANGJIANG-1/2, 610 MWe, China
International Atomic Energy Agency 15
Country Reactor Model
Output (MWe) Designer Number
of units Site, Plant ID, and
unit # Commercial
Start
Argentina CAREM-25 (a prototype) 27 CNEA 1 CAREM-25 2017 ~ 2018
China
HTR-PM (GCR) 200 Tsinghua
Univ./Harbin 1 Shidaowan Bay-1 2017 ~ 2018
PWR610 610 SNERDI/CNNC 2 Changjiang-1/2 2014~2015
India
PHWR 700 640 NPCIL 2 Kakrapar-3/4 6/2015 and 12/2015
PHWR 700 640 NPCIL 2 Rajashtan-7/8 6/2016 and 12/2016
PFBR 500 (LMFBR) 500 IGCAR 1 PFBR Kalpakkam 2015
Pakistan CNP-300 300 CNNC - China 2 Chasnupp-3/4 12/2016
Russian Federation
KLT-40S (ship-borne) 30 OKBM
Afrikantov 2 Akademik Lomonosov 2012
Slovakia VVER-440 (V213) 440 OKB
Gidropress 2 Mochovce-3/4 ~ 2018
Reactors Under Construction in SMR category
International Atomic Energy Agency
Roles of IAEA on SMR Development
• Facilitate efforts of Member States in identifying key enabling technologies in development and addressing key challenges in deployment
• Establish and maintain international networks with Member States, industries, utilities, stakeholders
• Ensure coordination of Member State experts by planning and implementing training programme and knowledge transfer through technical meetings and workshops
• Develop international recommendations and guidance
focusing on specific needs of newcomer countries
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International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEA SMR Events in 2013 • Technical Meeting on Instrumentation and Control for
Advanced SMRs, Vienna, 21 – 24 May • INPRO Dialogue Forum on Licensing and Safety Issues of
SMRs, Vienna, 29 July – 2 August • Technical Meeting on Small and Medium-sized Reactors
(SMRs) Technology Development for Near Term Deployment, 2 - 4 September, CNNC,Chengdu, China
• Technical Meeting on Environmental Impact Assessment for Small and Medium sized Reactors (SMRs) Deployment in Newcomer Countries, Vienna, 28 - 31 October
• Consultancy Meeting on Instrumentation and Control for Advanced SMRs, Vienna, 21 – 24 May
• Workshop on Design Requirements for SMR and Advanced Reactor Technologies in Post-Fukushima Era, initially on 17 - 21 December 2012
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International Atomic Energy Agency
http://www.iaea.org/ NuclearPower/ Downloadable/ SMR/files/ smr-status- sep-012.pdf
International Atomic Energy Agency 19
INIG “Milestones”
International Atomic Energy Agency
Summary • SMR is an attractive option to enhance energy
supply security in newcomer countries with small grids and less-developed infrastructure and in advanced countries requiring power supplies in remote areas and/or specific purpose;
• Innovative SMR concepts have common technology development challenges: • licensability, competitiveness, control room staffing for multi-
modules plant, and so forth.
• Domestic deployment in technology-developers’ countries is very important to encourage newcomer countries to adopt SMR (i.e. operability/safety record, provenness)
• Needs to address relevant lessons-learned from the Fukushima accident into the design development and plant deployment
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Thank you for your attention !
International Atomic Energy Agency
SMRs for Immediate Deployment
Name Design Organization Country of Origin Electrical
Capacity, MWe Design Status
1 PHWR-220 NPCIL India 220 16 units in operation
2 PHWR-540 NPCIL India 540 2 units in operation
3 PHWR-700 NPCIL India 700 4 units under construction
4 CNP-300 CNNC China, Republic of 300 3 units in operation, 2 units under construction
5 Prototype Fast Breed Reactor (PFBR-500) IGCAR India 500 Under construction –
Commissioning in mid 2012 6 KLT-40S OKBM Afrikantov Russian Federation 70 2 units under construction
7 HTR-PM Tsinghua University China, Republic of 250 Detailed design,
2 modules under construction
8 CAREM-25 CNEA Argentina 27 Started site excavation in Sept 2011, construction in 2012
International Atomic Energy Agency 24
Reactor Design Output [MWe] Designer Country of Origin
4S 10 Toshiba Corporation Japan
SMART 100 Korea Atomic Energy
Research Institute (KAERI)
Republic of Korea
SVBR-100 100 JSC AKME Engineering Russian Federation
mPower 160 Babcock & Wilcox USA
NuScale Power 45 NuScale USA
Westinghouse SMR 225 Westinghouse USA
PRISM 311 GE Nuclear Energy USA
SMRs for Near Term Deployment
International Atomic Energy Agency
Example of SMRs for Long-term Deployment
Name Design Organization
Country of Origin
Electrical Capacity,
MWe Design Status
1 Power Reactor
Innovative Small Modular (PRISM)
GE Hitachi United States of America 311 Detailed Design
2 IRIS IRIS International Consortium
United States of America 335 Conceptual Design
3 AHWR300-LEU
using Thorium MOX Fuel
BARC India 300 Conceptual Design
4 Integrated Modular Water Reactor (IMR)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Japan 350 Conceptual Design
5 Flexblue DCNS France 50-250 Conceptual Design
6 GT-MHR General Atomics USA 150 Conceptual Design
7 VK-300 RIAR Russian Federation 100/300 Conceptual Design
8 EM2 General Atomics USA 240 Conceptual Design
International Atomic Energy Agency
Current Newcomer Countries Plan Country Grid Capacity
in GWe Current Deployment Plan
Bangladesh 5.8 2 x 1000 MWe PWRs in Rooppur in 2018 Vietnam 15.19 4 x 1000 MWe PWRs in Ninh Thuan #1 by 2020
4 x 1000 MWe PWRs in Ninh Thuan #2 by 2025 Jordan 2.6 2 x 1000 - 1100 MWe PWR in + possible
interest in SMR UAE 23.25 4 x 1400 MWe PWR in Braka by 2018 Belarus 8.03 2 x 1200 MWe PWR in Ostrovets by 2018 Turkey 44.76 4 x 1200 MWe PWR in Akkuyu by 2022 Malaysia 25.54 2 x 1000 MWe LWRs, 1st unit by 2021 Indonesia 32.8 2 x 1000 LWRs, with potential interest of
deploying Small Reactors for industrial process and non-electric applications by 2024
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Commercial unavailability limits Newcomer Countries in advanced SMR Technology Selection
International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEA Activities on SMR for P&B 2014 - 2015
1. Formulation of roadmap for technology development and deployment - including countries requirements, regulatory and business issues
2. Defining safety-performance, operability, maintainability and constructability indicators to assist countries in assessing advanced SMR technologies
3. Development of Guidance and Tools to Facilitate Countries with Planning for SMRs Technology Implementation
4. Support and participate in relevant international and/or topical conferences on nuclear engineering and technology
5. Safety and Licensing of Small Reactors: safety approach, safety design criteria, safety features, probabilistic and deterministic safety analysis, severe accidents prevention and mitigation and post-Fukushima safety action plan
6. CRP on the Design and Performance Assessment of Non-Electric Engineered Safety Features in Advanced Small Reactors
7. Provide education and training on various aspects of SMR technology development and assessment and SMR applications
8. Provide support to the Department of Nuclear Safety, PESS, NPES, INPRO and INIG on the activities relevant to SMRs development and deployment
9. Participate in and collaborate with OECD-NEA and European Commission activities on topics relevant to development and technology deployment of innovative SMRs
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Status of Countries on NE Initiatives
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Technology developer countries (NPPs in operation) Countries with NPPs Newcomer countries
Asia Europe Africa Latin America
Which countries deploy SMRs?
