INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTHROPOLOGY, ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE IN CLIMATE CHANGE REGIME

CONFERENCE DATE: OCTOBER 22-23, 2016

22 OCTOBER, 2016: OPENING SESSION

Speakers Time &Venue

Welcome Speech Professor Dr. Zahidul Islam, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka & Convenor of the International Conference.

09.00am–10.30am

Central Auditorium, Nabab Nawab Ali

Chowdhury Senate Bhaban, University of

Dhaka

Keynote Presentation Dr. Atiq Rahman, Executive Director, Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS), Dhaka.

Speech by the Special Guest

Dr. Engr. Jnan Ranjan Sil, Managing Director, Bangladesh Climate Change Trust (BCCT), Ministry of Environment and Forests, GoB.

Speech by the Special Guest

Mr. Nick Beresford, Country Director, UNDP.

Speech by the Special Guest

Professor Dr. Nasreen Ahmad, Pro-Vice-Chancellor, University of Dhaka

Speech by the Chief Guest

Professor Dr. Gowher Rizvi, International relation Affairs Adviser to the Prime Minister, GoB.

Closing Address Mr. Hasan A. Shafie, Chairperson, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

SESSIONS OUTLINE

DAY – 01: 22 OCTOBER 2016

SESSION CHAIR TIME ROOM NO.

SESSION – 01: CULTURE, ADAPTATION AND

RESILIENCE Ms. Farah Kabir 11:00 – 01:00 01

SESSION – 02: CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL

RESOURCE: VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE Professor Dr. Hafiza Khatun

11:00– 02:30 02

SESSION – 03: GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE Ms. Dilruba Haider 11:00– 01:00 03

LUNCH BREAK 01:00 – 01:30

SESSION – 04: ECOSYSTEM BASED ADAPTATION Professor Dr. Farid Uddin Ahmed

01:30 – 03:00 01

SESSION – 05: PERCEIVED RISKS: LOCAL

INTERPRETATION OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGE Mr. AKM Mamunur Rashid

01:30 – 03:00 03

TEA BREAK 03:00 – 03:15

SESSION – 06: KNOWLEDGE AND RESOURCE

SOVEREIGNTY IN CLIMATE REGIME Professor Dr. Sadeka Halim

03:15 – 05:00 01

SESSION – 07: HUMAN VULNERABILITIES AND

CAPABILITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Professor Dr. Shahed Hassan

03:15 – 05:00 02

SESSION – 08: POLICY AND POLITY: WHO MAKES

DECISION FOR WHOM? Professor Dr. Md. Ziaur Rahman

03:15 – 05:00 03

DAY – 02: 23 OCTOBER 2016

SESSION CHAIR TIME ROOM NO.

SESSION – 09: DISCOURSES OF CLIMATE REFUGEES: DISPLACEMENT, MIGRATION AND CLIMATE JUSTICE

Professor Dr. Saifur Rashid

09:30 – 11:30 01

SESSION – 10: RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES TO

CLIMATE CHANGE Professor Dr. Mostafa Kamal Akand

09:30 – 11:30 02

SESSION – 11: REFUGEES AND MIGRATION ISSUES IN

CLIMATE CHANGE Professor Dr. Zahir Ahmed

09:30 – 11:30 03

TEA BREAK 11:30– 11:45

SESSION – 12: CULTURE, RESILIENCE AND

ADAPTATION Mr. Khurshid Alam 11:45 – 01:45 01

SESSION – 13: HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE Professor AKM Mazharul Islam

11:45 – 01:45 02

SESSION – 14: ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY AND

EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS Mr. Sukanta Sen 11:45 – 01:45 03

BREAK 01:45 – 03:00

SESSION – 15: SUMMING UP AND CONFERENCE

DECLARATION Dr. Engr. Jnan Ranjan Sil

03:00 – 04:00 01

SESSION PLAN WITH PRESENTATION SCHEDULE DAY – 01: 22 OCTOBER 2016 SESSION – 01: CULTURE, ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE

Session Chair : Ms. Farah Kabir, Country Director, Action Aid, Bangladesh.

Discussant : Professor Dr. Kazi Maruful Islam, Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Dr. Md. Aminul Haque, Chairperson, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka.

Rapporteur : Jannatul Ferdous & Baishakhi Ghosh, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Dr. Asif Iqbal Siddiqui, Dr. Amzad Hossain & Dora Marinova

: Universal Sustainability Education vis-à-vis Indigenous Cultural Response to Climate Change in Bangladesh.

Bokhtiar Ahmed & A.K.M. Mamunur Rashid

: Climate Change and Adaptive Social Protection: Some Narrative Insights from the Ground.

Nirmal Kumar BK : Community Based Climate Change Adaptation: a Case of Community Forestry Programme of Nepal.

Sumayyah Kadir & Tanjila Islam

: Exploring the Importance of Culture and Children‟s Engagement in Climate Change Adaptation.

Muttaki Bin Kamal & Md. Rifta-Ur-Rahman

: Indigenous Knowledge Vs. Adopted Knowledge.

SESSION – 02: CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL RESOURCE: VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE

Session Chair : Professor Dr. Hafiza Khatun, Chairperson, Dept. of Geography and Environment, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Professor Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, Dept. of Geography and Environment, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Mr. Mostafa Ali, Director, GIS Division, CEGIS.

Rapporteur : Tanzila Tabassum & Iffat Kabir, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

R.M.S.S. Sanjeewani & L. Manawadu

: An Assessment of Spatial Variations of Land Surface Temperature Over Urban Environments: A Case Study of Kandy City, Sri Lanka

Dr. Shahriar Khan & Asma Khatun

: Decline in Cloud Cover in the Last 50 Years from Satellite Pictures.

C.M.K.N.K. : Water Quality Variations in Hamilton Canal-Sri Lanka 2013-2014.

Chandrasekara, K.D.N. Weerasinghe, Sumith Pathirana & Ranjana U K Piyadasa

V.P.I.S. Wijeratne & Lasantha Manawadu

: Identifying the Spatial Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature.

Sulakshika Senalankadhikara & L. Manawadu

: Rainfall Fluctuation and Changing Pattern of Agriculture Practices.

D R P Sendanayake & R M Bhagya Madhuwanthi

: Assessment of Flood Event and Risk Area using GIS and Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Kalutara District, Sri Lanka.

M.A.D. Samanmali, L. Manawadu, & M.S.P.M. Siriwardane

: The Identification of Shoreline Change and Coastal Vulnerable and its Impact of on Eastern Part of Coastal Region of Sri Lanka using the GIS and RS.

R.M.B. Madhuwanthi, R.U.K. Piyadasa, S.M.A.T. de S. Nandaseela

: Paddy Abandonment and its Causal Factors in Panadura ds Divion along with the Changes in Rainfall Patterns.

C.M.K.N.K Chandrasekara & D.S Matharaarachchi

: An Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Change Effects on Surface Temperature Trends along Land Use and Land Cover Gradient.

SESSION – 03: GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Session Chair : Ms. Dilruba Haider, Climate Change Specialist, UN Women.

Discussant : Ms. Musarrat Homaira, Coordinator-Gender, Equity and Diversity, CARE, BD.

Discussant : Ms. Shamima Nasreen, Chairperson, Department of Anthropology, University of Comilla.

Rapporteur : Sumiya Mollah Mim & Munna Sultana Neera, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Dr. Mst. Marzina Begum : Global Climate Change and its Impact on Women‟s Health: Dealing with the Crisis.

Tahmina Naznin, Sufia Khanom & Md. Mostafizur Rahman

: Climate Change, Gender and Livelihood Strategies: A Case Study in Koyra, Bangladesh.

Tahsina Ferdous : Climate Change and Gender Role: A Study on North Division of Bangladesh.

Md. Sabbir Hussain : Design of Disaster Adaptive Settlement for a Socially Excluded Vulnerable Coastal Community: A Case of Banishanta brothel.

SESSION – 04: ECOSYSTEM BASED ADAPTATION

Session Chair : Professor Dr. Farid Uddin Ahmed, Department of Anthropology, University of Chittagong.

Discussant : Dr. Ishrat Jahan, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Mr. Mohammad Ainul Haque, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Comilla.

Rapporteur : Sharmin Sultana & Fatematuz Kaberee Jeba, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Md. Mokhlesur Rahman, Rezuanul Haque & Chand Mia

: Diversity of Livelihood Activities and Adaptation Strategies on the Basis of Ecological Changes: An Insight from the Haor Area of Sunamgonj.

Sheikh Tawhida Rahman & Mohammad Monjur-Ul-Haider

: Coping Strategies and Forms of Struggles of Haor-People with the Changing Flash Flood.

Chowdhury Farhana Jhuma

: Shaping up life with River Flow direction: When Globe Comes to Indigenous-ing.

Md. Towhidul Islam : Impact of Climate Change on Safe Water and Sanitation in the Southwest Coastal

region of Bangladesh.

SESSION – 05: PERCEIVED RISKS: LOCAL INTERPRETATION OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Session Chair : Mr. AKM Mamunur Rashid, UNDP, Dhaka.

Discussant : Dr. Md. Khairul Islam Chowdhury, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Mr. Md. Towhidul Islam, Programme Coordinator, Concern Worldwide.

Discussant : Mr. Sanjay Krishno Biswas, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.

Rapporteur : Md. Saiful Jaman Nayem & Sharif Hasen, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

N.M. Rabiul Awal Chowdhury & Mohammad Ainul Haque

: Weather Forecast and Responsive Action among the Costal People of Hatiya During Disaster.

Md. Borhan Uddin : Local Interpretation of Weather and Climate Change: A Comparative Study in Two Districts of Bangladesh.

Ibtesum Afrin & K.M. Mahmudul Haque

: Shades of the Shadow: Climate Change, Perception and Practice of „Rich‟ People of Dhaka.

Asif Iqbal Arif : Knowing and Adapting the Unpredictability: Farmer‟s Perceptions and Adaptation Strategies of Climate Change in Coastal Area of Bangladesh.

SESSION – 06: KNOWLEDGE AND RESOURCE SOVEREIGNTY IN CLIMATE REGIME

Session Chair : Professor Dr. Sadeka Halim, Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Professor Dr. Rasheda Akter, Department of Anthropology, Jahangirnagar University.

Discussant : Dr. Seuty Sabur, Assistant Professor, Anthropology Programme, BRAC University.

Rapporteur : Jannatul Ferdous & Baishakhi Ghosh, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Dr. Mohammad Shahjalal and Zahirul Islam

: Climate Change: Epistemological and Ontological Essence.

Dr. Zahir Ahmed : Archival Evidences of Climate Variability in Colonial Bangladesh.

Dr. Iliona Outram Khalili : Sustainability Begins with a Person: Climate change and a Home of Earth.

Dr. Santanu Banerjee : On Translating Bengali Bratakatha from Postcolonial Eco-critical Perspective.

Dr. Asif Iqbal Siddiqui, Dr. Amzad Hossain, Dora Marinova

: Spirituality for Retreating from the Edge of Climate Change.

Md. Ekhtekharul Islam : School Readiness and Disaster Preparedness Knowledge among School Going Children in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh.

SESSION – 07: HUMAN VULNERABILITIES AND CAPABILITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

Session Chair : Professor Dr. Shahed Hassan, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Mr. Kazi Robiul Alom, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi.

Discussant : Mr. AFM Jakaria, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.

Rapporteur : Sumiya Mollah Mim & Munna Sultana Neera, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Atiqur Rahman Sunny & Mohammad Mahmudul Islam

: Coping with Climate Change Impacts: The Case of Coastal Fishing Communities in South Central Bangladesh.

Reza Patwary & SAM Husain

: Coastal Toilet Containments with Unusual Surface and Underground Water Conditions: Role of Community Organizations in Delivering Safe Sanitation Services

and Maintaining Containments Database in Khulna.

Imtiaz Ahmad and Kaniz Fatema

: Agricultural Adaptation Practices to Climate Change in Bangladesh: A Study on Rampal Upazila of Bagerhat District.

SESSION – 08: POLICY AND POLITY: WHO MAKES DECISION FOR WHOM?

Session Chair : Professor Dr. Md. Ziaur Rahman, Chairman, Department of Criminology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Ms. Sharmind Neelormi, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Jahangirnagar University.

Discussant : Dr. Bokhtiar Ahmed, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi.

Rapporteur : Md. Saiful Jaman Nayem & Sharif Hasen, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Professor Kazi Maruful Islam, PhD

: Changing Role of State in Bangladesh - From Control to Coordination: Case of Climate Change Policies in Bangladesh.

Shahab Shabbir : Legal Protection and Management of Aqua Biodiversity: What Maldives can learn from Bangladesh?

NowrinTabassum : Coherent Policy Option for Bangladesh to Deal with Climate-induced Displacement.

Dr. Md. Shahanoor Alam : Green Information Systems: Linking Digital Governance with Climate Change Mitigation in Bangladesh.

Md. Azmain Muhtasim Mir : The Politics of Development and the Impact of Water Logging on Local Life and Livelihood Strategy of South-West Coastal Region People of Bangladesh.

DAY – 02: 23 OCTOBER 2016 SESSION – 09: DISCOURSES OF CLIMATE REFUGEES: DISPLACEMENT, MIGRATION AND CLIMATE JUSTICE

Session Chair : Professor Dr. Saifur Rashid, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Dr. Md. Saiful Islam, Associate Professor, Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Dr. Shaila Sharmeen, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Rapporteur : Jannatul Ferdous & Iffat Kabir, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Farjana Islam Bhuiyan, Muhaiminah Faiz Chowdhury & Sanjay Krishno Biswas

: Mobile lifestyle and Adaption of the Marginalized River Gypsies: A Study of the Nomadic Bede Community in Sylhet.

Ms. Lamya Mostaque & Md. Sharif Hasan

: Climate Change-Induced Migration: Impact on Slumaisation.

Mst. Gulajannath Prianka Choudhury, Md. Shahgahan Miah

: Migration and Climate Change: A Study on Extended Urban Areas in Sylhet City.

Md. Nazmul Islam, Md. Hamidul Islam, Md. Saddam Hossain, Md. A. Raquib, Md. Nasir Uddin Sarkar and Md. Mostafizur Rahman

: Development of Decision Making Framework for Environmentally Friendly Migration in Rangpur City.

Md. Shafiullah : Migration and Climate Change at Hatiya in Noakhali of Bangladesh.

SESSION – 10: RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Session Chair : Professor Dr. Mostafa Kamal Akand, Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi.

Discussant : Dr. Md. Rafiul Islam, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Mr. Md. Golam Faruk Sarker, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi.

Discussant : Ms. Sumaiya Habib, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Rapporteur : Sumiya Mollah Mim & Baishakhi Ghosh, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Shishir Reza & Shamsur Rahman

: Assessment of Climate Induced Flood Vulnerability at Sirajgonj District of Bangladesh.

AlifaTajmin & Woakimul Islam Shakil

: Climate Change and its Bad Impacts on Human Health in Bangladesh.

Marjina Masud & Md. Mahabub Chowdhury

: Women‟s Economic Vulnerability of Flood: A Case Study of Area Habitants Living Nearby the Tista Rive of the Northern Territory of Bangladesh.

Muhammad Ashraful Alam

: Impacts of Climate Change on Nutrition Security: Who are Victims of Malnutrition?

SESSION – 11: REFUGEES AND MIGRATION ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE

Session Chair : Professor Dr. Zahir Ahmed, Department of Anthropology, Jahangirnagar University.

Discussant : Mr. Kazi Shahidur, Humanitarian Affairs Specialist, UN Residence Coordinator Office.

Discussant : Mr. Md. Kamal Pasa, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi.

Discussant : Mr. Sajid Raihan, Deputy Director - Programme, Policy and Campaigns at ActionAid Bangladesh.

Rapporteur : Tanjila Tabassum & Md. Saiful Jaman Nayem, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Md. Aminul Haque, PhD & MS. Sawkia Lupin

: Health Care Seeking Behavior among Migrants Vulnerable to Climate Change: Study of a Slum in Dhaka City.

Md. Humayun Kabir & Mohammed Abdul Baten

: Climate Change Induced Migration: The Case of Bangladesh.

Fahima Aqtar & Ibtesum Afrin

: Compelled Migration: A Consequence of Climate Change Accelerating Intense Settlement in Dhaka City.

Md. Arifur Rahman, Prabal Barua & Morshed Hossan Molla

: Rehabilitation Reality of Climate Displaced People in Southern Coast of Bangladesh: Need Relevant Policies and Institutional Frameworks.

SESSION – 12: CULTURE, RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION

Session Chair : Mr. Khurshid Alam, ACD, UNDP, Bangladesh.

Discussant : Dr. Kazi Shahedul Halim, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant : Mr. Tanjir Hossain, Head of Climate Change Unit, CCDB.

Rapporteur : Munna Sultana Neera & Sharif Hasen, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Dr. Shahriar Khan : Growing trees for Reversing Deterioration in Equilibrium of Land, River, and Sea in Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta.

Dr. Mahfuzul Haque : Community-based Adaptation to Climate Change: Experience of the Coast of Bangladesh.

Sudipta Das Gupta, Kaniz : Mass Psychological Stress and Media‟s Impact on Climate Change Issues in

Fatema Tuz Zuhara & Javed Kaiser Ibne Rahman

Bangladesh.

Shamima Akter Shanu & Md. Saidur Rahman

: Exploring Adaptation Challenges under Changing Climate in South-Western Coastal Part of Bangladesh.

SESSION – 13: HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Session Chair : Professor AKM Mazharul Islam, Chairperson, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.

Discussant : Dr. Farhana Begum, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Discussant Dr. Md. Faruq Shah, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi.

Discussant : Mr. NM Robiul Awal Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Comilla.

Rapporteur : Sharmin Sultana & Fatematuz Kaberee Jeba, Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Professor AKM Mazharul Islam

: Anthropology, Climate Change and Health: Some Perspectives.

Md. Aminul Haque, PhD : Climate Change Impact on Livelihood and the Determinants of Health of the People Vulnerable to Climate Change.

R M Bhagya Madhuwanthi, D R P Sendanayake, & M A D Samanmali

: Investigation of Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Social vulnerability of Dengue Fever in Sri Lanka.

Kazi Robiul Alom, Haribondhu Sarma &Md. Golam Faruk Sarker

: Adolescent‟s Sexual and Reproductive Health Vulnerabilities during and after Disaster: A Qualitative Assessment to Identify the Role of Stakeholders to Reduce these Vulnerabilities in Barguna Sadar Upazilla of Bangladesh.

Shakila Yasmin : Climate Change and Health: Livelihood and Ecosystem-based Impacts in Bangladesh and Migration Strategies.

Md. Sakhawat Hossain : Health and Climate Change.

Md. Nasir Uddin, Dr. Rafiqul Islam, Dr. AM Zakir Hossain & Md. Khaled Hossain

: Climate Change Impact on Human Health in Coastal Region of Bangladesh.

SESSION – 14: ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITYAND EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS

Session Chair : Mr. Sukanta Sen, Executive Director, BARCIK, Dhaka.

Discussant : Mr. Md. Mokhlesur Rahman, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.

Discussant : Mr. Md. Monjur-Ul-Haider, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.

Rapporteur : Jannatul Ferdous & Iffat Kabir, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Papers

Quazi Omar Foysal : Sustainable Development Goals and the Environment: The Existing Legal Framework and the Way Forward.

Jaher Wasim and AKM Hasan Julkernine

: Adapting Cities for Climate Change: An Assessment of Green Roof Technology.

Kazi Moriom Jahan & Halima Akhter

: Impact of Ecotourism on Environment, Society and Culture in Ratargul Swamp Forest in Sylhet.

Fazle Sharior and Israt Jahan Lipa

: Rituals for Relief from Adverse Effects of Environment: A Symbolic Interpretative Study on Rituals Performed in Das Para, Hatiya.

SESSION – 15: SUMMARY OF THE CONFERENCE AND FUTURE DECLARATION

Session Chair : Dr. Engr. Jnan Ranjan Sil, Managing Director, Bangladesh Climate Change Trust (BCCT), Ministry of Environment and Forests, GoB.

Co-Chair : Mr. Khurshid Alam, ACD, UNDP, Bangladesh.

Papers

Rapporteur’s Reports : Presentation of Key Points from the Technical Sessions

ABSTRACTS OF SESSIONS

SESSION – 01: CULTURE, ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE Universal Sustainability Education vis-à-vis Indigenous Cultural Response to Climate Change in Bangladesh Dr. Asif Iqbal Siddiqui, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia Dr. Amzad Hossain, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia Dora Marinova, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia Abstract: Sustainable development programs have been driven by the United Nations (UN) at a global platform which is essentially accompanied by sustainability education programs often conceptualized and structured in the west for the west and rest of the world. The notion of sustainability none the less is often ambiguous which have different connotation for different users. Furthermore, the notion does not accompany a set of universally acceptable operational parameters, while the operational elements of sustainability and sustainable development depends on the context and usage. Hence, it is not practical to standardize a universal approach to sustainability education while indigenous knowledge and culture can often provide innovative response to sustainability issues. Climate change has been one of the most highlighted and debated global sustainability agenda. Urgent actions have been sought for to combat climate change and its impacts as the 13thgoal of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the UN. However, the causes and consequences of climate change have simultaneously global and local as the climate change is dynamic and diversely varying in its impacts on geographical locations. Countries that are being affected are also different in terms of their culture and economic development. This reality needs to be recalled in every step for managing sustainable development and in climate change adaptation. However, what draws people together in responding to the climate change imperatives is in many ways similar, irrespectively of their location and cultural backgrounds. It is linked to universal spiritual values that are common across all traditions. Policy makers predominantly rely on the knowledge of experts and economic considerations but often neglect the reason why people care about the future and future generations. It is important to be able to capture and incorporate traditional values and the wisdom of communities in any climate change decisions. The paper argues that a possible way to achieve this is by using deliberative democracy which allows for a common ground to be established based on people‟s spiritual values and aspirations for the future. As we have witnessed unprecedented natural resource degradation triggered mainly by industrial development, the only option left to policy and decision makers is to open the arena for public deliberation as to what is the desired way forward. Climate Change and Adaptive Social Protection: Some Narrative Insights from the Ground Dr. Bokhtiar Ahmed, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A.K.M. Mamunur Rashid, Climate Change Specialist, UNDP, Bangladesh. Abstract: The paper explores the potentials of existing Social Protection Programs (SPP) in Bangladesh to promote climate change adaptation among their beneficiaries. Based on narrative testimonies of 150 vulnerable women across five distinct climate zones of Bangladesh, the paper delves into an ethnographic understanding of the complex ways the SPP inputs impact the diverse livelihood options and strategies of the recipients and therefore investigates how and up to what extent the inputs are transformed into livelihood capitals resulting in enhanced adaptation to climate change. With supporting micronarratives from our participants, we would like to argue that the Social Protection Programs pose dual possibilities in relation to climate change adaptation. While they exhibit immense potentials to build resilience depending upon presence and magnitude of other livelihood capitals, at the same time they may remain ineffective due to heavy standardization, inadequacy of inputs, expenditures in non-resilience sectors, and a range of governance failures. Therefore, the paper intends to shed light on some intangible realms of adaptive social protection in Bangladesh, and thus, suggest some policy reforms to make the programs more responsive to climate change adaptation. Community based Climate Change Adaptation: A Case of Community Forestry Programme of Nepal Dr. Nirmal Kumar BK, Forest Action, Nepal. Abstract: Community forestry programme is a major community based climate change adaptation (BCCA) and potential mitigation strategy, which is recognized by climate change policy and National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) of Nepal. In these regards, some community forestry user groups (CFUGs) in Nepal, in the support of donor organizations, are implementing practices of community based adaption plan, establishing fund as well as

creating institutions to benefit from REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) mechanism. However, there are very little evidences about the strength and limitations of such practices and its impacts on wider socio-economic development of vulnerable community. Based on the paper presenter‟s 10 years long experience in the issues and the study of six community forest user groups, the finding shows that the programme is suitable mechanism for planned, decentralized, cost effective, linked and inclusive adaptation strategies. The programme is initiated and groups are formed to address the issues of natural hazards and mal-adaptation practices the local people followed previously both in responses to changes in local ecosystem and to socio-economic condition due to climate change. The groups adopt bottom up planning process to identify and prepare adaption plan, collaborative effort to establish matching fund to implement prioritized activities and coordinating mechanism to integrate these activities into wider forestry and other development programme. These practices increased the livelihoods security of marginal groups through increasing human and food security and forest product availability, building social capitals, use of indigenous knowledge and providing alternative livelihoods to the landless poor members, and deriving benefits from development service providers. While community forestry policies and practices of Nepal seem climate change friendly exclusions persists and people who are member of the groups have opportunity to get benefit from the adaptation fund while there are some households/communities are excluded from the groups. Also, limitation on extraction of forest products is in some instances undermining the livelihoods strategies of the forest dependent people limiting their adaptation capacity. There are also issues of resource access with members in particular can be constrained by poorly aligned jurisdiction. The finding shows that the programme promotes entry points for pro-poor mitigation strategies. However, the finding shows that the executive committees of CFUGs are politicized and the political ideology affects resource distribution. Also, there are high value forest trees, the illegal sale of which offers considerable financial intensives. So, particularly in the Terai, the conservation and management of forest may be competing with very high opportunity costs. Also, there are significant issues of land tenure conflicts between people and Government, VDCs (Village Development Committee), and communities, the result of which does not favor the protection, management and conservation of forest. Exploring the Importance of Culture and Children’s Engagement in Climate Change Adaptation Sumayyah Kadir, MA, Goldsmiths, University of London. Tanjila Islam, MEAL Officer, Save the Children, Bangladesh. Abstract: Climatic hazards have served to be a prominent and perpetual risk to societies and individuals throughout our time, and the subsequent vulnerability can galvanize adaptive resource management. The adaptive capacity reflects the ability of a community to act collectively to any vulnerability they face. With a special focus on Bangladesh, the first part of this paper explores the social dynamics of adaptive capacity and how society perceives and responds to climate change – essentially, how society‟s response, and consequently their resilience, is mediated by culture. Societal perception largely involves direct personal experiences with climate change in time and space, and the how much cognitive presence the issue has in an individual‟s mind over other concerns. When discussing societal or cultural perception in regard to adaptive capacity, it is also worth mentioning that adaptation is highly context-specific whereby socioeconomic factors, local knowledge and social networks are a significant influence in shaping perception and consequently adaptation measures, thus highlighting how the various facets of culture play a key role in the adaptation process. Moreover, sense of place and identity is a vital element of culture – in simple terms, the attachment one experiences around their settlement, and how place is a fundamental component in an individual‟s or community‟s identity and therefore their culture. The effect place has on adaptation, as well as the effect climate change has on sense of place, will be explored. In addition, the paper examines the cruciality of the role and engagement of children in adaptive measures, and how them being agents for change is fundamental in building resilient social-ecological systems that cope with change and crisis. Children, being the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, are rarely included in adaptation policies and plans. There is a significant lack of this inclusion in Bangladesh even though there are some scattered interventions to address it from government and non-government agencies. The final chapter of this paper will contend that including children‟s perspective and integrating their specific needs in a child-centred approach to climate change adaptation can greatly reduce vulnerability and increase community resilience. Indigenous Knowledge vs. Adopted Knowledge Muttaki Bin Kamal, PhD student, Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, USA. Md. Rifat-Ur-Rahman, Senior Lecture, Stamford University Bangladesh. Abstract: Bangladesh is facing a flood of “Development” now. Government, different NGOs and donor/international organizations are working in different “development” issues like “poverty eradication”, “communication”, “climate

change” etc. Hence, an important issue is overlooked continuously, that is the basic indigenous knowledge of the people of Bangladesh. After the introduction of the Western knowledge frame by the rulers, the indigenous knowledge of the people here is being neglected alleging it as “superstition”. Yet, the people of Bangladesh has survived and prospered for millennia using such knowledge. On the other hand, the adopted western knowledge is proving to be inefficient - even harmful for the nature of this land. This paper discusses about the importance of the indigenous knowledge to maintain sustainable living in this land and its importance as the method to deter climate change threats SESSION – 02: CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL RESOURCE: VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE An Assessment of Spatial Variations of Land Surface Temperature over Urban Environments: A Case Study of Kandy City, Sri Lanka R.M.S.S. Sanjeewani, Department of Transport & Logistics Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. L. Manawadu, Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Abstract: Sri Lanka is experiencing a messy urbanization pattern which is characterized by urban sprawl and ribbon development along transport corridors as recorded by World Bank, 2015. These urbanization patterns encountered numerous socio-economic and environmental issues. Increased land surface temperature causing micro-climate warming in urban environments is a vital issue in the country. Heat trapping sources are associated with higher land surface temperature in the city than the surrounding environment generating number of issues like heat stress, air pollution and many other health problems. So it is timely need to identify the spatial trends of land surface temperature over urban regions to initiate mitigation actions and adaptation strategies so as to minimize the adverse impacts on human and nature. This study identifies the spatial trends of land surface temperature (LST)over Kandy city, the second largest city in Sri Lanka from 1988 to 2015 and further this study determines the impact of built-up areas on land surface temperature variations. Thermal bands of Landsat TM 5, Landsat ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TRIS data are used in this study to measure land surface temperature using Q GIS and ERDAS 2014. Distribution of LST is mapped to derive spatial patterns and zonal statistics is used to summarize LST by Grama Niladhari Divisions (GN) using ArcGIS 10 version. Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) calculated using near infrared and middle infrared bands of Landsat images is used to identify the changes of built-up area over the city and relationship between NDBI and LST is assessed using polynomial regression model in MINITAB 16 after selecting this model as the best representation of the two variables. Accordingly, higher temperature more than 300C in Kandy city is concentrated into a certain part of the Municipal Council (MC) area that it seems followed by the road structure of the area. Higher temperature can be seen along and beside Sirimavo Bandaranayaka Mawatha, William Gopallawamawatha and in and around the Center of Kandy city. And also considerable extent of western part of the MC area is also vulnerable to higher temperature. Mahanuwara, Poorna Watta West, IhalaKatukele, Katukele, Deiyannewela, Katukele West and Welata GN divisions are the highly exposed to high level of temperature. Furthermore, there is a significant positive relationship between NDBI and LST in Kandy MC and relationship is strong. These outputs are especially policy merited and can be utilized in policy planning, urban planning and designing to encourage mitigation strategies to adopt beforehand the worst case scenarios since Kandy city is the second largest city in the country. Decline in Cloud Cover in the Last 50 Years from Satellite Pictures Dr. Shahriar Khan, Independent University, Bangladesh. Asma Khatun, Independent University, Bangladesh. Abstract: While global warming and ozone layer depletion are well documented, the issue of the decline in cloud cover has seldom been addressed. The study of cloud cover is visible in satellite imagery rather than data from meteorological stations all over the world. This study compiles the satellite pictures from the earliest space flights, from around 1967, permitting the documentation of 50 years of cloud cover. A very visible and dramatic decline in cloud cover is observed, that has been rarely acknowledged, let alone investigated for causes. A qualitative observation here suggests that the cloud cover has declined from about 33 % to about 5 % of the globe. The decline in volume of clouds can be found from the simple geometry or V α A1.5, implying a decline of 95 % by volume. The reason for the decline in clouds is likely to be the same as the man made changes of global warming, ozone layer depletion, and deforestation. Extrapolation beyond 1967, it is likely the decline in cloud cover has been continuing for centuries or even thousands of years. Today‟s deserts such as in Egypt must have been once covered with clouds.

Water Quality Variations in Hamilton Canal-Sri Lanka 2013-2014 C.M.K.N.K. Chandrasekara, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. K.D.N. Weerasinghe, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka. Sumith Pathirana, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar. Ranjana U K Piyadasa, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Abstract: The Hamilton canal in the western province of Sri Lanka is a manmade canal that has been built to connect Kelani estuary with Maha oya estuary through Negombo lagoonal estuary. Therefore, water quality of the Hamilton canal has been influenced by the Kelani-Mahaoya estuaries and Negombo lagoonal estuary which in turn contaminated heavily due to increasing trend in anthropogenic activities in the surrounding area. The present study has been carried out to identify the seasonal and spatial variations of water quality of the Hamilton canal. Sampling has been carried out in 7 locations. In situ field-testing has been conducted to measure EC, salinity, pH and Turbidity. Laboratory analysis has been conducted for F+, Na+, Mg+, Ca+, K+, Fe++, Cl- , SO4- - ,PO4- -, NO3- ,Total Alkalinity and Total Hardness. Samples were analysed as per the standards methods of American Public Health Association (APHA) 20th edition, 1998 manual. Sampling has been done during May 2013 to March 2014 (in the wet period of May and December 2013 and in the dry periods of September 2013 and March 2014). Mapping and data analysis were accomplished using ArcGIS (version 10.1) software package along with Microsoft Excel analytical tool. According to the results, the segment of the Hamilton canal close to Negombo lagoonal estuary had the highest readings of EC, salinity, Turbidity, F+, Na+, Mg+, Ca+, K+, Cl- , SO4- - and Total Hardness. The second highest readings identified close to the Kelani estuary. The water in the Northern segment towards Mahaoya estuary of the canal showed relatively high total Alkalinity levels and pH of water showed slightly Alkaline and PO4- - of the water was slightly high. Although, NO3- and PO4- - of the canal water is slightly high, a considerable spatial or seasonal pattern could not be identified. On an overall the EC, salinity, F+, Na+, Mg+, Ca+, K+, Cl-, SO4- - and Total Hardness levels are comparatively high in September 2013 and March 2014 during the low rainfall. The highest Turbidity levels and Fe levels were identified in May 2013 and December 2013 during high rainfall. It can be concluded that the dynamics of EC, salinity, F+, Na+, Mg+, Ca+, K+, Cl- , SO4- - and Total Hardness levels in canal water have negative relationship with rainfall while Turbidity and Fe++ have positive relationship with rainfall. The water parameters in most locations of the canal except pH levels, are remained above the recommended levels of inland waters by CEA. Closer to the Negombo estuary the quality of water was comparatively low compared to other areas of the canal. This situation is harmfully impact on the canal ecosystem and especially ecosystem-service-function aspect. Degrading the quality of water affect different group of beneficiaries who receive various ecosystem services from the canal, especially, the low income families. Further, some potentially toxic materials and elements can enter into the human body easily through food chain. Additional negative consequences could be observed link to health risk due to contact or consumption of this unsafe water. Identifying The Spatial Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature V.P.I.S. Wijeratne, IT Instructor, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Lasantha Manawadu, Head, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Abstract: Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important factor in global climate change studies. Climate change is one of the most popular topics among all the countries of the world and there are lot of factors effecting to global climate change. However, one of the main factors is land-use and land cover change. Land-use changes for development typically result in significantly decreased vegetation cover, which decreases the land‟s heat reducing capacity. Therefore, Land-use change has been considered as a global environmental issue and it also has environmental implications at local and regional levels. Specially, unplanned land-use changes are a major problem and it is related with anthropogenic activities which create a lots of issues. As a result of urbanization and development, the land-use and land cover pattern is rapidly changing. It will be unbalanced the environment factors and also human livelihood. Mots anthropogenic activities; Unplanned constructions, agriculture and deforestation are major causes of land-use and land cover changes. Among these, the most effective problem is increase of land surface temperature. Changes in land surface temperature cause most of the environmental damages and degrade the living conditions. Land-use changes have been linked to many environmental problem as well as socio-economic impacts. Including air pollution, water pollution, loss of wildlife habitat, drinking water issues, loss of biodiversity and human health problems are some of them. Also climate change is the most important and this problem will be again attacked to the human life. They will face more health and other issues. So land-use and land cover changes and climate changes are most relative factors in human life and study of those things is very important to present and

future planning of Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study was to identify the impact of land-use and land cover changes on land surface temperature and Western Province, Sri Lanka was considered as the study area. Landsat8 and Landsat 7 ETM+ data from March 2003 and March 2016 were used. Using ArcGis 10.1 land surface temperature were extracted for the study area. Landsat Thermal bands were used to estimate the actual land surface temperature and all preprocessing methods and radiometric corrections were done. Cloud free images were taken and it was useful to obtain good results. Unsupervised classification used to identify the land-use/land cover of the study area and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDBI (Normalized Difference Buildup Index) used as main vegetation indices for this classification. Also, identified the change detection of the land-use in period of 2003 to 2016. Calculated classified land-use and land cover area using grid values and that differences were helped to identify the land-use changes in this area. Both of land surface temperature and land-use classification results compared to identify the relationship of them. Also the zonal statistics method in ArcGIS was used to extract mean temperate values for each land-use and those values were compared with land-use changes. The correlation statistical method and map interpretation were used to reveal relationship between land-use/land cover and land surface temperature. This study revealed that land-use and land cover of this area were changed and area of homestead and buildup areas were increased within 13 years. That homestead areas were rapidly increased in Gampaha (8.87%) and Kaluthara Distrct (5.47%). Therefore, land surface temperature was shown high values in that areas than the 2003. Buildup areas and exposed land were shown high mean temperature (30oC – 35oC) than the other vegetation types. Changes of land-use and land cover have caused to change Land Surface Temperature pattern in this area and good relationship can be identified. However, these problem will be reducing the quality of human life and the environment. Therefore, good planning and actions are very important. Rainfall Fluctuation and Changing Pattern of Agriculture Practices Sulakshika Senalankadhikara, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. L. Manawadu, Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Abstract: The rainfall fluctuations and changing pattern of agricultural practices are investigated in this study by taking total rainfall and number of rainy days for the period 1961-2002 for 22 metrological stations scattered throughout the country and to investigate the changing pattern of agricultural practices the Crop Calendars of 15 reservoirs under the Mahaweli Authority is taken from 1983-2008. From the regression analysis carried out for the 22 rainfall stations for the total rainfall it was found out that all the wet and intermediated zone stations taken under study records declining trends, while only Jaffna, Pothuvil & Mulathivue records increasing trends. And in number of rainy days it‟s only Nuwara Eliya station that records an increasing trend, all other stations records declining trends. The spatial analysis indicate that the annual total rainfall below 1600 mm tend to expand towards the central and south western part of the country. By inspecting the Crop Calendar, it was found out that the beginning days of Yala/ Maha seasons have shifted backwards, especially in the Yala season. Also the water issued throughout years in both Yala/ Maha seasons have declined in majority of the years, and the number of days water is issued has decline in all reservoirs taken into study. Assessment of Flood Event and Population Expose Areas using GIS and Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Kalutara District, Sri Lanka. D R P Sendanayake, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. R M Bhagya Madhuwanthi, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Abstract: Floods are the most destructive from of natural hazards in both local and global contexts. Asian continent is found to be one of the most flood affected regions in the world (Herath, 2002). In Sri Lanka too, floods are more common than any other natural hazard and cause huge losses to lives, properties, livelihood systems, infrastructure and public utilities. There are 103 river basins of which about 10 rivers are considered as major. Among these major rivers Kelani, Gin, Kalu, Nilwala and Mahaweli are vulnerable to floods. According to the Disaster Management Center report (2005) Settlers in the Kalu Ganga flood plains are affected by floods that occur almost annually. In additionally 83 death case, 22,267 houses damages and 389,191 families affected to the flood from 2003 to 2006 and also 185 death cases, 189,664houses damages and 985,573families affected 1996 to 2003. According to the flood and landslide report 2016 the Colombo is the most violent affected district in the country last flood event. It was affected more than 190,349 people in Colombo district with flood case of Kelani River. Anyhow River Kalu is the 3rd largest river in Sri Lanka, causing floods along its route from the most upstream major city of Ratnapura to the most downstream city of Kalutara. Therefore, the study has focused on studying the flood risk and risk areas identification in around the Kalu River in Kalutara District. The main objective is to identify the temporal and spatial trends of Floods in Kalu River. In similarly studied about flood risk areas using Geographical Information System (GIS) and

Remote Sensing (RS). Secondary data were used for the study and Time Series analysis, Microsoft Excel and Arc GIS10.1version were employed for the data analysis. ERDAS IMAGIN 2014 used for the identify risk areas. Flood frequency data for the period of 1971-2010 were collected for all AGA Divisions in Kalutara District. Past four decades considered, the most recent decade (2001-2010) has shown a comparatively higher flood frequency in all AGA Divisions. In additionally, population of low land in this area were face to this flood disaster. Majority of access road blocked with overflow of river water. Anyhow, can be concluded that, Bulathsinhala AGA Division in Kalutara District has more flood hazards in every decade. In Kalutara, though there are slight differences in frequency of flood events between the decades of 1991-2000 and 2001-2010, the spatial distribution is similar in both decades. According to the analysis there is a clear fluctuation in occurrence of floods; as in high floods in the beginning of southwest monsoon season. The first peak can be seen in May and second peak can be seen in June. The Identification of Shoreline Change and Coastal Vulnerable and its Impact of on Eastern Part of Coastal Region of Sri Lanka using the GIS and RS M.A.D. Samanmali, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. L. Manawadu, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. M.S.P.M. Siriwardane, GIS Solutions (Pvt) Ltd, Sri Lanka.

Abstract: Coast area is most important zone of the island country. Because that it changes basically effected to the low land cultivation, tourism activities, ground water and fisheries activity act. Sri Lanka is an island with a coastline of length approximately 1,600km. Shoreline can be change with human and natural factors. As example remove the mangrove covers, unplanned settlement, sand transportation changings, changes of current wave act. The selected area is located in Eastern part of coastal region in Sri Lanka. Selected coast line was located between 6°53'12.72"Nand 81°50'36.50"E North Coordinate and 6°45'4.50"N 81°48'47.50"E south coordinate. Approximately 19km length of coast used for identify shoreline change and coastal erosion. The main objective of the study to identification of Shoreline change and coastal vulnerability and its impact on Eastern part of coast region. Spatial data sets were prepared using Landsat satellite Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images of 1980 to 2016 use for identify land cover and its changes. Normalize Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index were used to differentiate the shoreline. Data was analyzed using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) with ArcGIS 10.1. estimate the change in shoreline (positive or negative). R 2.14.0 was used to calculate relationship between time and sand deposition/erosion in Pothuvil to Panama coast line. Coastal vulnerability index was calculate using coastal slop, shoreline erosion, tree cover, building cover and geomorphological factors etc. According to the result of these study Pothuvil and Panama area was recorded positive correlation between distance of shoreline change and time. In similarly these shore line change with seasonal wind direction. The land use analysis also reflects the human interaction. As the conclusion, the Arugam bay wetland is in vulnerable stage and conservation process has to be speed up as the erosion effect is getting worse with the human and natural interaction. Paddy Abandonment and its Causal Factors in Panadura Division along with the Changes in Rainfall Patterns R.M.B. Madhuwanthi, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. R.U.K. Piyadasa, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. S.M.A.T. de S. Nandaseela, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Abstract: Paddy cultivation in Asia has evolved through generations with more than 2500 years old history. It was the main agricultural activity in many parts of the Asia and it is equally important today since most people in Asia are still engaged in the paddy cultivation. Over the centuries, most of our occupations relate with agriculture. That‟s why, Sri Lanka is called as “Eastern granary”. Paddy is the main crop in wet areas like river deltas and paddy farming has taken 1st priority crop in Sri Lanka and it is cultivated in all districts except in higher elevations. Paddy is more water consuming than many other crops. Rice is cultivating in all agro - ecological zones for two seasons which is called Yala and Maha. Paddy farming has spread 34% of whole area in Sri Lanka. During the gap Between Yala and Maha seasons, Paddy lands become abandonment in natural. There are two types of abandonment of paddy lands such as Short term fallowing and long term fallowing. This study is based on Panadura Divisional Secretariat Division in Western Province of Sri Lanka. Abandonment of paddy lands is huge problem in the study area and because of the abandonment there is no productivity of the lands. Panadura area is a semi urbanized area and population also very high. Most of the people do farming as the occupation before 10 - 15 years back and now they are shifting some other occupations. So, in this research it will support to identify what are the causes that are effect to changing a paddy land as a fallow land. Examine the Spatial Variations of Abandonment of Paddy Lands and Identify the

Factors Effecting for Abandonment. Another objective is to identify the changes of rainfall patterns according to yala and maha harvesting seasons. Main methodology of data collection is semi structured questionnaires and interviews. For mapping the spatial distribution, GIS software is used as the tool. According to the analysis it was found that the total extent of paddy lands in study area are 849.08 hectare and from that 393.87 hectare identified as fallow fields or abounded. Even though there are some changes in the seasonal rainfall patterns the main reason for the abandonment is lack of human resources to continue the cultivation. Changes in the seasonal rainfall patterns indicate slight difference but since the study area is located in the wet zone of the country the impact is not much due to rainfall throughout the year. But intensity of the rainfall has cause some damages in paddy lands due to floods in the present years. Generation today has transitioning from primary production to service sector and the attitudinal change has course many paddy lands to be abounded. An Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Change Effects on Surface Temperature Trends along Land Use and Land Cover Gradient. C.M.K.N.K Chandrasekara, Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. D.S. Matharaarachchi, Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Abstract: Land is a fundamental and finite resource for most human activities. Humans have been altering land cover of the earth surface since pre-historic times of their hominid ancestors. Later human initiated the systematic agriculture and animal husbandry which directly encouraged the enlargement of the sphere of human‟s domain. With the commencement of the industrial revolution human‟s deleterious consequences on the earth surface have been notably accelerated. Since then Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) of the earth underwent rapid and significant transformations. At present aforementioned changes are substantial. This rapid transitions include high population density, high infrastructure development, increasing of built-up areas, consumption of energy coupled with emission of heat and pollutant especially in urban and subsurface areas. The modification of earth surface dramatically changes the temperature of the land surface and the atmosphere above. However, the changes and consequences are difficult to grasp when they occur incrementally. Negombo-Muthurajawela region in Gampaha district of the Western province in Sri Lanka located within the coordinates of 60 57' 40.63'' N, 70 13' 35.38'' N and 790 48' 45.12'' E and 790 53' 36.33'' E is also an environmentally sensitive area which has immense human pressure. The paces of changes of LULC in this area keep rising due to population growth, unplanned settlements, municipal expansions and industrialization. The changes in LULC in this region have high potential ability to impact on the land surface temperature in the area. Therefore, an attempt has been made to assess land surface temperature dynamics along the LULC gradient. Time-series satellite images of Landsat TM and Landsat 8 which covered the time frame in1987 and 2013downloaded from US Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resource Observation Systems Data Center website were used in this study. Interpretation of images and analysis of data was accomplished through integrated use of ERDAS imagine (version 14) and ArcGIS (version 10.1) software packages along with Microsoft Excel analytical tool. Image data calibration is performed for spectral radius and brightness. Precision of the land surface temperature assessment was made by comparing the available temperature data in the meteorological department of Sri Lanka. Aerial photograph, topographic maps and GeoEye image pertaining to the study area were used for accuracy checking of LULC changes. The results revealed that LULC pattern of Negombo and Muturajawela region has been considerably changed from home gardens, paddy fields, and coconut plantations to built-up areas during 1987-2013, mainly by converting coconut and paddy lands in to buildup areas. During the selected years substantial increasing trend of land surface change could be observed. Further, it was identified that the land extent of land surface temperature between 30-35 0C expanded considerably during the considered 26 periods. SESSION – 03: GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE Impact of Climate Change on Women’s Health: Dealing with the Crisis Dr. Mst. Marzina Begum, Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Abstract: There are plenty of research findings that climate change affects the health status of millions of people worldwide and particularly those countries with limited adaptive capacity in dealing with the negative effects of climate change. Unexpected health risks due to climate change happen due to heat waves, cyclone, floods, droughts and all other types of natural disasters. As a consequence of natural disaster, the increased rate of infertility, the high frequency of maternal mortality rate and some newly identified health problems are alarming. Therefore, through the lens of the paper, I intend to discover numerous types of health risks to women due to the impact of climate change in the context of Bangladesh. Impacts of climate change on women‟s health are not duly

acknowledged in the research domain in the country. In a patriarchal society like Bangladesh, women are more at risk among the vulnerable groups. Again, when I come to the case of Bangladesh, due to high salinity in water, pregnant women are suffering from drinkable water in the south-western region that causes numerous number of diseases such as eclampsia, hypertension, extreme weather events in the affected areas elevate women to poor mental health, undernourishment, sexual violence, etc. it is also observed that women are suffering from health problems due to the cultural and behavioral pattern in the areas most at risk from climate change. Furthermore, miscarriage and abortion increases in the crowded cyclone shelter. This paper will be descriptive in nature that will be based on citing different empirical research finding in order to explore the impact of climate change on women‟s health in Bangladesh. Climate Change, Gender and Livelihood Strategies: A Case Study in Koyra, Bangladesh Tahmina Naznin, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. Sufia Khanam, Research Fellow, BIISS, Bangladesh. Md. Mostafizur rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh.

Abstract: Environmental problems both sudden and gradual have always caused different forms of impact on the livelihood strategies of the rural people. However, women suffer differently and disproportionately due to gender discrimination throughout her life. Thus disaster prone area of Bangladesh “Koyra” had been selected purposively to know various vulnerability, coping strategy and livelihood strategy of men and women in order to make gender sensitive disaster risk and response management policy and program. Key informants interview, questionnaire survey and in-depth interview were conducted to do the research. This article demonstrate that women‟s vulnerability is more severe than men because of their low level of education, less access to resources, lack of employment and limited control over income. Moreover, cultural and religious norms and values, domestic violence, reproductive burden are also responsible for women disadvantage position in the society. We argue that climate change affects women excessively because most of their works are related to household. Women had to suffer disproportionately during coping period due to socially prescribed gender division of labour and patriarchal social values. At the same time reproductive responsibility and socio-cultural norms restricted women to migrate for better livelihood opportunity. Therefore, women urgently need sustainable livelihood in the locality. On the other hand, men are able to take the decision of migration in response to climate change as a strategy which is a great problem towards women‟s daily life, taking all family responsibilities. Climate Change and Gender Role: A Study on North Division of Bangladesh Tahsina Ferdous, Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Comilla University, Bangladesh. Abstract: The study provides an overview of climate change and gender role in the north part of Bangladesh where river bank erosion is one of the most common natural hazards. It states the gender role and adaptation strategy with the danger of the river bank erosion. River bank erosion is relatively frequent as our country has become synonymous for climate change persuaded natural disasters. The environmental significances of climate change affect men and women differently. The study conducted in the river side villages of Jamuna, Sirajganj district, Rajshahi division (the northern part of Bangladesh) where river bank erosion is very dangerous and prevalent natural hazard. The study followed qualitative techniques like case study and in-depth interview to gather and interpret data. I conducted intensive fieldwork and collected data from the Jamuna riverside villages of Kajipur, Tarash and Bohuli of Sirajganj district. Basically, here erosion leaves nothing for the affected area and the affected people. In erosion prone areas, people especially women are worried concerning loss of their homesteads and other sufferings and misery. After the river bank erosion affected people loss their original house and suffer without homestead for months and sometimes for years. They have no permanent settlement. The people of these areas move from here and there for their place of living. In this situation women are going through with physical insecurity, loss of self as well as family esteem and so on. Moreover, they have to face the situation of lack of production opportunities and work and lack of food security in the aftermath of the climate change event. One of the most vital issues is that since men tend to leave the area in search of employment, the all responsibility of household being falls on the shoulders of women. In this area often male members of the household never come back again. Behind this reason, the cause is that they think the family, women, kids and old persons are burden for them. It is the women in the family who cannot leave her family unfed and unguarded. In the dire poverty and vulnerable situation, trafficking and prostitution are very common. Young girls and women are become vulnerable with this forced trafficking and prostitution and go through with the miserable condition. Out migration and transfer the homestead of these villages are the coping strategies with river bank erosion. Consequently, women are affected more severely than male but they tolerate their vulnerable situation surreptitiously and hardly show any objection and try to play the effective role for their household

and family. Women and girls play the vital roles during and after river bank erosion. Since women have diverse experience about their household and surroundings, they can protect and care children, elderly, cattle and poultry. Generally natural calamity and hazard reinforce, perpetuate and increase gender inequality. The people of these areas are facing terrible problems to manage their shelter and livelihood in the vulnerable context of river bank erosion. Design of Disaster Adaptive Settlement for a Socially Excluded Vulnerable Coastal Community: A Case of Banishanta brothel Md. Sabbir Hussain, Architecture Discipline, School of Science, Engineering & Technology, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. Abstract: Every year climate change induced disasters compel many people of coastal region of Bangladesh to migrate. However, migration is not possible to some people due to socio-economic impediments and they have no option but to stay and risk their lives. Socially excluded sex-workers of Banishanta brothel are of that kind. These people are left to fend for themselves within their settlement boundary. The purpose of the research was to explore a set of strategies to re-design their settlement which enables them to better adapt to the climatic disasters. Various types of survey methods such as non-participatory observation, unstructured interview and field survey were used for collecting the primary data. Information from secondary sources was also used. It was found that disaster resiliency, dearth of basic infrastructures and the distinguished culture and lifestyle of the inhabitants are the major components to be focused in the re-design process. A set of strategies, regarding the issues that were found from these components, was accumulated without compromising the occupational and cultural needs of the sex-workers. Finally, these strategies guided to compose a design of the settlement for this special coastal community which can logically claim itself disaster adaptive, affordable and self-sustainable.

SESSION – 04: ECOSYSTEM BASED ADAPTATION

Diversity of Livelihood Activities and Adaptation Strategies on the basis of Ecological Changes: An Insight from the Haor Area of Sunamganj Md. Mokhlesur Rahman, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet. Rezuanul Haque, Student, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet. Chand Mia, Student, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet. Abstract: The basic aim of this study is to understand the livelihood pattern rely upon the ecological change of the Haor area. Ecology is being remarkably influenced specially in the two major seasons, like the dry and wet. Quite naturally, agriculture is the main livelihood of the majority population during the dry season. On the other hand, the land which they use for cultivation in the dry season, goes under water in the wet season. As its result, there is no scope to conduct agricultural activities in this whole area in the wet season. These ecological circumstances are effective to diversify their livelihood activities. Unlike agriculture, in the wet season, they are being compelled to be engaged in some alternative activities for their livelihood purpose like fishing, part time work in village market, and some of them are being unemployed as well. During the wet season, fishing is the mainstream occupation of the Haor people since they cannot continue agricultural activities again. However, they have to face different ecological conditions with the changes of the seasons and they have to adapt their livelihood activities with the changing ecological patterns as well. In addition, this study also attempts to demonstrate GOs and NGOs role in their changing livelihood activities. Thus, they are basically dependent on agriculture and all of them return to agricultural activities again when the wet season is over. By considering all the factors, this research provides insights to elucidate the real livelihood condition count on ecological change of Haor area. Basically, this study has been based on empirical data. Fieldwork has been conducted to collect data with the help of In-depth interview, Key Informant Technique, Focus Group Discussion and Case Studies as well. To gather existing knowledge about the socio-ecological background of the Haor area people, secondary sources have been reviewed. Coping Strategies and Forms of Struggles of Haor-People with the Changing Flash Flood Sheikh Tawhida Rahman, MPhil Student, Department of Social Work, SUST, Sylhet. Mohammad Monjur-Ul-Haider, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, SUST, Sylhet.

Abstract: Human history is the history of coping or crumbling with the changing climate. The impacts of climate change are already being felt by people from all walks. Learning how to live with these impacts is a priority for human progress. Bangladesh is one of those countries, which is tagged as one of the most vulnerable to climate change. Climate driven hazards are exhibited frequently in the Haor (wetland) -regions of the country. Shonir Haor is the largest fresh water and one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh, located at Tahirpur upazilas of Sunumganj district. The present paper will unveil the coping strategies, and identify the forms of struggles with Haor-people with the changing flash flood. Data and information that have been used in the paper are collected by a research team that brings together a range of methodological approaches, including Life Histories, Case Studies, In-depth Interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) in order to obtain greater insight into the study area. Shaping up Life with River Flow Direction: When Globe Comes to Indigenous-ing Dr. Choudhury Farhana Jhuma, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Abstract: The incidence of Bashkhali, Shundorbon represents that there are layers of beneficiary groups in development activities. To speak for one particular group as exploited and others as beneficiary, there are a need of explaining the feedback „beneficent‟ within the group, between the groups, with the governance and among the states. It reflects that development beneficiary needs to analyze from individual and actor oriented perspective rather than simple micro or macro level of fact findings. The interest variation among the inside and outside of the groups has made the „homogeneity‟ under question whether it is from indigenous or national scale. Right on environmental resource use has become the matter of competition and objectification more than subjectivity. The subjectivity of environmental resource use also within the package of different interest from political aspects. The impact of this stratified social milieu in the pattern of environmental uses of Jaflong area of North-Eastern region of Bangladesh has been explained here where the indigenous and national value pattern are working side by side. The concept of boundary according to Roy Ellen (1982) has shown here as arbitrary which has become amplified in the context of class formation. For the need of subsistence, the value pattern towards environment become similar with changes in value flow and induces stratified social context. This has led the rethinking of sustainable development by changing resource extraction policy. In the paper, the stratified social system of Khasi reflects that social change occurs from individual activity and individual activity is directed by community value system. As The mechanism between environment and human behavior is very direct and vital in indigenous community, the changes occurs with the judgmental and meaningful appropriation of environmental resource. This process of change of environmental resource use has been discussed in the article through the specification of river „Peyign‟ of the area. Impact of Climate Change on Safe Water and Sanitation in the Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh Md. Towhidul Islam, Program Officer, Water Aid, Bangladesh. Abstract: The intention of this paper is to explore the relation between lacks of potable water, proper sanitation with the effects of climate change. In September 2014 a study was carried out by WaterAid Bangladesh in two Upazillas of Satkhira district. This was cross sectional study and data was collected through questionnaire survey. In addition, qualitative method also deployed to triangulate the data. The study revealed that there were three types of climate change impact. One was severe salinity intrusion into surface water body. Another was prolonged drought. However, these two were again linked with each other as increased drought was responsible to severe salinity into surface water. Third one was flash flood which polluted safe water sources at large extent. The study revealed that there was an increased demand for safe water sources in the communities. Although due to increased salinity, drought and flash flood those hindered the improvements in access, practices and behavior of the community people, there is a challenge of maintaining the “safe water chain”. In the survey, 47% respondent mentioned that the water they access was not pure. However, increased access to PSF and other water sources justifies the claim. Nearly (53%) households have access to improved drinking water sources like shallow deep tube well which was 10% just three years back. December to August is the water crisis period with different kind of upward and downward mobility. September to December found to be the lowest crisis period. Draught (40%), salinity (29%), lower ground water level (15%) and damage of water source (12%) were some major reasons found behind the crisis sector. These findings suggest to design further projects/intervention considering the seasonality factor. Although after the intervention the quality of the water source has improved, but it is remember that water shortage and flood has much more impact on the water quality and consequently on the health of a population. It is proved that vulnerable water shortage contributes to increased microbial contamination and decreased microbial quality. The average improved sanitation facilities (84%) in the study area was at 56 percent point higher than 2011 and 30 percent point higher in compare with the average national rural Bangladesh of 54.5%. But such findings do not refer to the impact of climate change.

If we consider the drought and flood impacts, then the safe sanitation percentage goes down. Thus this indicates about the need of a regional focus as well while planning any future intervention. SESSION – 05: PERCEIVED RISKS: LOCAL INTERPRETATION OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Weather Forecast and Responsive Action among the Costal People of Hatiya During Disaster N.M. Rabiul Awal Chowdhury, Assistant professor, Department of Anthropology, Comilla University, Bangladesh. Mohammad Ainul Haque, Assistant professor, Department of Anthropology, Comilla University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Weather forecast communications have become increasingly accurate over the past several decades. Nevertheless, the knowledge gained from research on this issue contributes to understanding when communicating uncertainty information might be desirable and what communication formats might be most effective. Such understanding can, if coupled with user oriented product development efforts, support development of uncertainty-explicit forecast products grounded in empirical research. This study aimed at in-depth understanding of people access, interpretation and response of disaster weather forecast. A comparative perspective of weather forecasts communication between previous and recent communication pattern was explained as well. Here attempted investigating issues were like; right to use, own explanation, trust in weather information received, tendency to ignore weather information, readiness and planning for severe weather, weather information's influence on responsive action while comparing and assessing people‟s attitude and behavior between previous and recent ways of weather forecasts communication. This study is exploratory in nature, investigating only a few of the many aspects of communication related forecasts. Using qualitative tools like; group discussion, Key Informant Interview and Semi Structured Interview, this study was conducted in Hatiya, Noakhali, Bangladesh. This article uses empirical data to investigate beliefs, practices and responses concerning disaster weather forecast communication among study people from a comparative standpoint of time. The results show that when given a recent ways of forecast, most respondents expected the change of weather around the predicted value like they did in earlier from their own interpretation. The language and sign of the forecasts do not speak the forthcoming consequences to the local people. They cannot explain the severity and take to mean what and how they should response. Article also presents people‟s explanations and confidence in different types of forecasts, their interpretations of the probability of disaster forecasts, and their preferences for how forecast uncertainty is conveyed. But it was revealed that even when people know about weather change, like earlier still in some cases they are using the mental model of communication. On that point it was evolved, when a person has a deeply held belief that is very emotionally motivated, they are prone to engage in ideologically motivated reasoning to cherry-pick and look for evidence that supports what they already believe. It was found very difficult to get them to change that view and response accordingly because it is so wrapped up with their life, lives and self-identity from earlier to present period. One important contextual and functional rationalization is the value of their limited wealth and life without that wealth to them. But unlike some other contexts involving risk communication, weather forecasts communications were found familiar to most people in study area. This communication also offers them frequent opportunities to evaluate new types of information and learn to interpret new formats which do not exist in their previous communication approaches. The implication for research on „weather forecast communication‟ is that close attention should be paid not only to text but to context itself, and how ideas are expounded and developed among community people regarding their communication approaches on weather forecast. The present study advocates building awareness of proactive responses to official weather forecast communication while integrating local knowledge systems in order to improve the proactive response rate and establish reliable forecasting that would help in disaster mitigation and lessen the emergency management activities. Local Interpretation of Weather and Climate Change: A Comparative Study in Two Districts of Bangladesh Md. Borhan Uddin, Research Assistant, SEACCAOB, Former Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Abstract: In recent times, a prevalent ongoing polemic matter of discussion in Bangladesh is whether climate is changing or not. Documenting local perception and impacts of climate change in Bangladesh through anthropological insight is a timely deed. In order to do so, this comparative in-depth study in Protapnagar and Khajra unions of Satkhira district, Charhajari and Charparvoti unions of Noakhali district aims to elucidate (a) peoples‟ realization of climatic changes from different human-environment interaction (b) ways of observing erratic changes in climatic condition (c) local causation behind changes in climate (d) its impacts on social life and (e) local rituals to keep stability in climate and to adapt to its changes. People‟s perception of these two regions toward climate change differs in some instances as majority informants of Charhajari and Charparvoti unions believe that climate is

changing while a good number of informants of Protapnagar and Khajra unions skeptical about climate change. People of Protapnagar and Khajra unions realize gradual climatic changes through frequent river bank erosion due to climate induced river-siltation results inundation and salinity intrusion. Informants of Charhajari and Charparvoti unions internalize climate change due to erratic rainfall causes declination of Aush-paddy production. Elderly people argue that previous days were full of happiness because human being, on those days, practiced several rituals i.e. Milad, Quran Khotam, Istiskar prayer, Jhuta Brishti ritual etc to make feel god happy which results, according to them, ensured necessary and timely weather during six seasons. But climate started to change or as they argued, god is changing climate as a punishment for human wrong deeds and transgressions. So during some decades, informants reported that weather condition has becoming been unpredictable as no precipitation happens during early rainy season (Ashar month) which impacts Aush production and no necessary cold falls during winter season (Poush and Magh month) rather intensive cold falls after winter season which results insect-attack and detests winter seasonal vegetable. People of the two different fields agreed that substring and test of agricultural produce and fish has been decreasing as essential weather for specific produce and fish lacks due to climate change. Informants firmly insist on gradual climatic changes by a mostly used proverb on it „„present days are good but coming days will be worse‟‟ (zacche din valo, ashce din kharap). People are migrating to India and Middle Eastern countries in search of subsistence activities as local agricultural crop production declines due to erratic weather condition. People who mainly depend on agriculture and cannot afford to go abroad lead miserable life without having work because there is only one type of agro-production (Aman) and this situation makes this people more climate vulnerable group. As a result, this study argues that traditional relationship is breaking down and an unequal social relationship is taking place which also lessening social ties among agriculture-dependent people because who (among agriculture-dependent) afford to go abroad and accumulate money can uplift his social status from his previous fellow agriculture-dependent beings. Due to this climate induced (forced) migration, migrated wealthier previously agriculture-dependent people rarely interact with their previous fellow agriculture-dependent beings in various socio-economic activities. Shades of the Shadow: Climate Change, Perception and Practice of 'Rich' People of Dhaka City Ibtesum Afrin, Research Assistant, Access to Information Program, Bangladesh. K. M. Mahmudul Haque, BSS (Hon‟s) and MSS, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka. Abstract: Climate change and its impact always been prioritized the poor population of a country. Though, the climate change has its effect on rural area and urban areas as well in rich and poor population. The text of this paper draws the alternate side of understandings regarding climate change victims. This study illustrates the perspective of those people who are termed as “rich” in the context of Dhaka city. Broad objective of this study was to reveal the perception of these people about climate change. It also draws whether education or social or cultural contexts are influencing people about climate change adaptation. Is their life style changing the perception about climate change? This also illustrates the perception of rich about climate change and climate change adaptation. This paper applies a participatory approach and assumes that certain socio-political conditions within the city – namely local values, social learning and modes of governance – influence urban behavioral modifications towards adaptation activities. To accomplish this study, we have conducted open-ended interview, ethnographic interview among school going children and office employers and with some house residents. We used these tools and methodology with persuasive intention of conducting this research. This study was carried out by employing a general review of literature on climate change, focusing on its effects in Bangladesh. In school and college students are learning about climate change impacts, adaptation and other related issues. This research portrays some critical issues regarding their practices related to adaptation to climate change. Life style of their living pattern and consumption of luxury products are raising rigorously. This study reveals thinking about climate change related to their lifestyle Climate change and its adaptation became a taken for granted issue in urban area and their learning from educational background is not contextualizing the climate change issue in real life. This writing draws the picture of urban peoples who are a part of the global climate change but were not studied by researchers and writers. Also in anthropological studies we find the lacking of study interest among urban rich population. On this occasion, this gives us a knock that- though we are taking initiatives for climate change adaptation and mitigation, it is high time we should work on raising awareness among total population and implement climate change adaptation concepts for a better living place. Knowing and Adapting the Unpredictability: Farmer’s Perceptions and Adaptation Strategies of Climate Change in Coastal Area of Bangladesh Asif Ekbal Arif, Former Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka.

Abstract: This paper aims to provide insights on the local farmer‟s perceptions of climate change and their adaptation strategies in cultivation. For collecting first hand data from field experience, this study has been conducted in a coastal village of Coxbazar District in Bangladesh. This is a qualitative study which employs anthropological tools and techniques of data collection including KII, FGD, and informal interview. The respondents of this study were selected on the basis of purposive sampling method. Employing theoretical and methodological lens of anthropology, this study explores the impacts of the erratic behavior of climatic conditions including over rainfall, drought, high temperatures, low temperatures including cold wave and fog, salinity intrusion and water logging in cultivation and the farmer‟s adaptation strategies as well. The indigenous knowledge system approach and the ecological rationality of agriculture have been employed as the key analytical model for this study. The field experiences claim that there is a differential experience of the impacts of climate changes and adaptation strategies on the basis of age and economic positions amongst the farmers in the study area. Through this study, the farmer‟s adaptation strategies of erratic behavior of climatic elements employing shared knowledge have also been explored. Here, both intrinsic and extrinsic adaptation strategies of climate change in agriculture have been explained in the perspective of the study area. SESSION – 06: KNOWLEDGE AND RESOURCE SOVEREIGNTY IN CLIMATE REGIME

Climate Change: Epistemological and Ontological Essence Professor Dr. Mohammad Shahjalal, Department of Anthropology, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Zahirul Islam, PhD Student, Department of Anthropology, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Climate change as a phenomenon is an outcome of multiple processes and causalities at global and cosmic magnitudes. Paradigmatically, any scientific investigation ought to address inevitably the causes of this particular outcome, so is to gain meaningful understanding about the phenomenon that would exclusively help develop theoretical, empirical and technological understanding to introduce any input that is relevant. Authors conceive that the causes are invisible and in the core of climate change the presence of Homo sapience as solid rock and crystal clear cause. Therefore, this paper would have a closer, possibly closest look at the relationship between Homo sapience and climate change in historical perspective. Further, the relationship between Homo sapience (human beings) and climate change could not be conceived directly, instead it is feasible by looking at the relationship between human being and the earth as climate change is intrinsic to this relationship and outcome as well. Of fundamental causes of climate change, it is pivotal to recognize that the human beings, being in the center, have created their own world on the earth, being the children of “mother earth”. So, the world that has been created, constructed, raised, made functional, „livable‟ have an instricable link to climate change. This created world has been divided into small, large, too large and immensely large segments and are termed as „country‟ and been imposed two key and basic attribute, particularly (A) each segment is independent. (B) An ownership of the segment that including, territory, everything that remain within it including water reservoir (ocean) and the space. Further, human beings have divided the Homo sapience as a species into nationality, nation, ethnic groups. Religions, race, place of origin, caste, language are valid attributes to divide the species further. Political system, ethnicity, law, rules are also unique for each segment that helped further division. The created world has given the complete liberty to each segmented territory to do whatever the owner wants to do within its sovereign land. This in coupled with the power of human brain that helped acquire understanding about the nature and natural resources that exist within the territory in one hand and technology to be used as an extension of intervention into the mother earth in order to extract resources by any means and cost. So, the phenomenon of economy has helped divide the human being into poorest, poor, rich, richest, that again divided the species. Human relationship has contributed to build society that has further divided the species. This uniquely created world has direct and indirect contribution and close relationship with climate change. This thesis refers that the mother earth is nothing other than a great source of resources. Therefore, the process of extracting, acquiring resources from mother earth by her children (Homo sapience) are underway commerce, money, and finally struggle for resources often lead to conflict and even the war. So, making deleterious weapon, militarization, application of weapon on the earth is also a vital process, testing weapon of mass destruction are too relational to climate change. In this background, the earth mother with having anything such as human brain how would she address the question – „to be or not to be‟. So, as it is apparent, that the earth has to cope up, adopt with the activities of her children. The authors conceive it as the self-defense of mother earth the activities of her children. Apparently, it is perceived as to how children could cope with the response of mother and the climate change paradigm is based on the response that often deals with disaster and its management with coping up mechanism. Authors cognize that this paradigm must have a shift on the ground as to how the earth would adopt to the acts of children. It is a more conception that could climate change be an

independent phenomenon that could be perceived, conceived or understood, and finally resolute in the background when children are consistent by carrying out rigorous process of acquiring resources from and within earth in order to make their life comfortable to the infinite degree. Further, fundamental question is that whether children have already done so much to their mother, that the solution of the implication has already gone out of their control. Address of greenhouse gases, formation of ozone layer would provide an illusive of understanding complex built and processes. This paper would address the epistemological and ontological issues of causes of climate change in detail. Archival Evidences of Climate Variability in Colonial Bangladesh Dr. Zahir Ahmed, Department of Anthropology, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Abstract: This paper examines some published archival documentary sources for exploring the nature of climatic variability and extreme weather events during colonial era in Noakhali char (newly accreted land) areas in Bangladesh. Attention focuses on these contingent areas, both physical and social, covering a variety of natural risks such as gale, floods, droughts, storms and cyclones. A number of themes are considered. First, the evidence of varied climate events as triggers of agrarian risks. Second, correspondences of the District Magistrates to London where devastating climate induced extreme rainfalls, droughts and cyclones were described. Third, the impacts of selected historical climate variable events are explored in order to highlight how the degree of impact of an event was a function of particular environmental context in which the event took place. An overview of the vulnerability to climatic variations and extreme weather conditions is then provided, presenting those colonial recorded events that could potentially relate to today‟s discourses on global climate changes. The district Magistrates' narratives suggested variants of climate change even within a short time of span. I suggest that historically the term climate changes are no longer new. Far from being new discovery, the term now simply recycles the past - and it is therefore time for it to be unveiled the politics. Sustainability Begins with a Person: Climate Change and a Home of Earth Dr. Iliona Outram Khalili, Director, Earth Architecture, United Kingdom. Abstract: Timeless reference points are available to human beings in response to climate change. When these form the basis of the responding human action, the possibility for equilibrium and healing change is developed. The pain of disaster can be seen as the fuel for relevant change, yet this must happen gradually within an existing cultural anthropology. An architect can make a small but significant contribution as a small part of a much bigger picture, since design holds within itself both macrocosm and microcosm. The proposal within this paper is for a modified low to medium-income urban house, suitable for Eco-Village development or middle class semi-rural development within Bangladesh and generally on the subcontinent. It has been developed to resist extreme environments, as a self-help, community orientated process, initially in the USA and Europe. Since 2014, the concepts have been tested through hands-on workshops in Bangladesh and West Bengal, as well as post-disaster Nepal, and the concept is ready for application and a built prototypes and training programme. The accumulated human knowledge in masonry and ceramics, and the timeless qualities and materials of the universal elements, can provide a practical basis for empowerment of local communities. The earth under human‟s feet is the most precious resource freely available to all, which combined with appropriate training, and some 21st century adaptations of traditional technology of ceramics and masonry, can create the most beautiful, affordable, and disaster resilient structures. The proposed design is based on architect Nader Khalili‟s celebrated design of a 3-vaulted house of 720 sq. ft. Its evolution into a 2-storey house of 1,450 sq. ft. integrates revival of traditional materials such as ceramics and lime, with techniques such as Catalan vaulting, solar “sintering” and 3-D printing. It is founded in the principles of masonry, both esoteric and exoteric. For such a design proposal to gain meaningful relevance within the culture and history of Bangladesh, the roots of masonry experience must be expressed within the entire culture especially the religious and social archetypes. Thus the house and the training course will be presented with limited reference to Islamic Sufi concepts, while the presenter humbly offers this perspective as an interested student of such subjects, rather than an expert. In this sense, the issue of sovereignty of knowledge and resources is approached on a personal level, in the belief that “Sustainablity Begins with a Person”. Only when the knowledge that is learned by direct experience with all the senses is combined with the resources that are freely available at hand, such as the earth beneath our feet, can sovereignty in a climate change regime become a realistic goal. Translating the Unthinkable in Bengali Bratakathas: A Study on the Cultural Dynamics of Climate Change Dr Santanu Banerjee, Assistant Professor, Department of English, Kazi Nazrul University Asansol, India.

Abstract: So far, Bengali Bratakathas are not given their due acclaim as literature-proper by any literary historian of repute. The colonialists‟ paradigm was to treat these ritual tales as instances of something very primitive in the culture of the colonized, best suited for ethnographic rather than literary studies. The nationalist literary historians were interested in creating a glorious past which could pair chiefly with their actual concern in modern literary creations. And the Marxists, though focused on the struggle of ordinary human beings in literature, were no less progressive than their nationalist counterparts. They also did the mistake of treating the culture and worldview of olden times subservient to their typical historical-materialist interest. The result has thus been a relegation to the margin, this very important corpus of narratives which most often talk about sustainable relation between the human and the natural world. In his recent book entitled The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable the noted social-anthropologist and litterateur Amitav Ghosh has pointed out that contemporary literary imagination hardly recognizes the extreme natures of today‟s climate events. In the historical writings too, climate change is grossly simplified. And to top everything, in the contemporary political scenario, climate issue is considered as a matter of personal moral and ethical choice rather than collective action. What we need in the Anthropocene, Ghosh rightly mentions, is a search for other forms of human existence. It is quite evident that we can no longer be satisfied with the human beings at the centre of all our thoughts and actions. The present paper seeks to focus on the climate crisis and cultural dynamics with reference to the marginalized Bengali Bratkathas. In a personal attempt of translating these tales into English, it is found that those are capable of evoking the „unthinkable‟ as this particular term is used by Amitav Ghosh in his book. And by this the tales may relate us to the most contemporary Paris declaration signed by the leaders of various nations, and also the famous encyclical Laudato Si issued by the Holy Pope at Vatican. A conservation of these ritual tales for the benefit of the earth would be another call in the paper. It is matter for great fortune that in Bengali literature the presence of such tales would ensure for us a culture of prolonged and sustainable habitation on this beautiful bluish-green planet. Spirituality for Retreating from the Edge of Climate Change Dr. Asif Iqbal Siddiqui, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia. Dr. Amzad Hossain, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia. Dora Marinova, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia. Abstract: Climate is the synergistic reflectivity of natural conditions of a place. The natural conditions of a place, apart from natural causes such as volcanic eruptions, can be changed as a result of the combined consequences of human intervention. Human intervention to nature, in order for development and progress, is integrally connected to human spirituality embodying synergies between ethics, values and wisdom reflected in lifestyle. Thus, climate change and lifestyle go hand in hand. It is now widely believed that lifestyles of most people in developed countries and some in developing countries are liable for the ongoing human induced unnatural climate change. Largely failing technological solutions are though still being sought for redressing human induced climate change; it is also widely perceived that a revival of a culture of spirituality intensive lifestyles can indeed retreat people from living on the edge of human induced climate change. Spirituality can intrinsically inspire humanity to meet their basic survival needs including happiness by sustainable exploitation of nature, yet with minimum ecological footprint. The paper depicts that the spiritually developed people inherently prefer sustainability in harmony with ecological sustainability. This lifestyle is prominent in traditional rural societies than in modern urbanised societies. Rural Bangladesh is an example. In this regards, the Baul-spiritualists of Bangladesh assert that due to a lack of global policy for naturalistic spiritual education and practices, the global humanity, particularly the modern West, is currently living on the edge of insecurity in view of socio-demographical and ecological sustainability. For example, America‟s pro-war politics, unsustainable development and over-consumptive lifestyles are increasingly widening the edge of climate change. In conclusion, the paper envisages that a global policy framework must be drawn and implemented to nourish people with sustainability spirituality to understand how nature reciprocates human actions, and what wisdom to apply for retreating from living on the edge of unnatural events such as climate change, floods and droughts. School Readiness and Disaster Preparedness Knowledge among School Going Children in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh Md. Ekhtekharul Islam, Senior Lecturer, Department of Environmental Science, Independent University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Climate change induced disasters have continued to exact a heavy toll on children in Bangladesh and have affected their well-being and safety. These children are considered agents of change and have much potential to contribute to disaster risk reduction if well prepared. According to disaster experts, more research and inclusive government policies are fundamental to understand the dynamics of disaster preparedness among children. In this regard, school readiness is a powerful framework to ensure quality education for children in order to provide required

knowledge on disaster preparedness. School readiness is essentially determined by government policies and derived from effective school curriculum, quality teaching and effective learning practices. This study examined the readiness of some secondary schools selected from five disaster prone areas of Bangladesh and their roles to provide knowledge on disaster preparedness among children. It addressed two basic yet critical questions: What factors affect school readiness in the selected areas? And how does readiness affect knowledge on disaster preparedness among children? It involved interviewing 275 children and 10 teachers from secondary schools. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in analysis. Findings suggest that insufficient learning materials, institutional incapacities and teachers‟ ineptitude significantly affect school readiness and thereby, affect children‟s knowledge on disaster preparedness. The study has its implications to promote culture of cognitive learning environment for children in secondary schools of Bangladesh in relation to disaster preparedness. Thus, it will contribute to existing knowledge about the characteristics of ready schools in low-resource and developing countries as well.

SESSION – 07: HUMAN VULNERABILITIES AND CAPABILITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

Coping with Climate Change Impacts: The Case of Coastal Fishing Communities in South Central Bangladesh Atiqur Rahman Sunny, Research Assistant, WorldFish Bangladesh and South Asia. Mohammad Mahmudul Islam, Assistant Professor, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Abstract: Globally, Bangladesh is considered as one of the most vulnerable countries to the anticipated impacts of climate change. Following that situation, scientific community often uses Bangladesh as a test case of studying climate change impacts and respective adaptation strategies in different professional groups. However, very few studies focused on the coastal fishing people, though they are one of the most vulnerable professional groups to climate change impacts. Based on a fieldwork in four fishing communities in Patuakhali and Bhola region of Bangladesh, this study identifies livelihoods strategies that fishers adopt to cope with the impacts of climate changes that impinge on them and possible ways to enhance their capacity to make climate resilient fishing communities in Bangladesh. To collect empirical data, household survey was conducted and a number of qualitative tools such as interviews, focus group discussions, and oral history were employed. Coastal fishers in the study areas suffer from a number of climate changes related events such as cyclones, tidal surges, and saline water intrusion. Combination with high frequency of natural disasters, weak economy and acute poverty make fishing people very vulnerable to any shocks. In response to multi-faceted vulnerabilities, fishers adopt a number of strategies in considering long-term sustainability of their livelihoods. Immediate aftermath of the any disaster, fishers are found to survive depending on personal savings, relief from government and NGOs, taking loan from NGO and mohajon (money lender) or by doing extra labor to increase income and savings. Improvement of physical capital such as brick-built housing structure is a common strategy found among better off fishers. Fishers are also found to plant trees around their house to get protection. In response to increased salinization of ground water, fishers harvest rainwater. In case of long-term adaptation, fishers put utmost importance to secured future of next generation and want to educate their children so that they can be able to leave risky professions and vulnerable place. The government support is not enough to increase the adaptive capacity of the people due to insufficient structural protection, poor management, rise of corruption. A number of suggestions elicited from fishers‟ perception for effective tackling of climate change related vulnerabilities that includes construction of more cyclone centre having effective infrastructure and communication system, construction and repairing of embankment, mangrove afforestation to protect embankment, public private partnership for climate protection such for coastal afforestation, starting of rationing of food support, mobile banking system for cash support, training to improve skills for alternative employment opportunities to reduce pressure from fishing, disaster management training, checking corruption by introducing risk allowance for law enforcing personnel and other governmental officials during disasters rehabilitation, recruitment of trained graduates having deep knowledge on coastal resource and disaster management, providing sufficient buoys in boat, helicopter rescue system from fishing place, wireless network or specialized software response system for early warning of disasters. Coastal Toilet Containments with Unusual Surface and Underground Water Conditions: Role of Community Organizations in Delivering Safe Sanitation Services and Maintaining Containments Database in Khulna Reza Patwary, WASH Business Advisor, FSM Programme, SNV Netherlands Development Organization, Khulna, Bangladesh.

SAM Husain, Behavior Change Communication Advisor, FSM Programme, SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Khulna, Bangladesh. Abstract: Southwestern Bangladesh including Khulna is characterized by high underground water level caused by rising seas; and inner water-logging caused by frequent rains in the monsoon. Health conditions of the communities living in the low-lying areas within Khulna City Corporation are often challenged by the sludge water mixed with surface and underground water posing grave health risks. Sludge spill and unauthorized dumping may lead to serious health hazard with lack of hygiene observance among the children and adults. There has been minimal awareness at the household level about the necessity and availability of safe sanitation services, particularly of faceal sludge emptying and transportation services. The emptying services has mostly been shouldered by independent emptiers (80%) in a city with no central sewerage system and mainly composed of on-site technologies, septic tanks and pits. Bangladesh is a striking example of the rapid progress in access to sanitation where open defecation has been reduced from 42% in 2003 to 6% in 2009. However, the inability to sustain use of existing toilets and unsafe disposal of faecal sludge pose the next challenges in improving health and economic situation of urban populations. Presently most of the tanks and pits are never to be emptied as they are directly connected to the drains or open water bodies. Of the remainder, the majority are emptied manually by “sweepers” while very less is being emptied mechanically. Infrequent emptying of containments may lead to sludge overflow and incompliant construction not following national building codes may lead to leakage and/or seepage of sludge waters into the nature and flowing-in of rain waters into the containments leading to pollution of large volume of underground and surface waters. Community Development Committees (CDCs) are community organizations formed in every ward of Khulna City Corporation that works for the city‟s mostly underprivileged households in accessing public benefits, financial services, formal and informal income generating activities and some of the basic urban services like faecal sludge collection and transportation. CDC-run vacutugs are smaller in size (i.e. 1000 ltr) and can navigate narrower roads of the city. In comparison with the vacutugs maintained by the city corporation, the CDC does not require full advance payment and the services are usually free from any sort of informal fees. Being well-connected to the community, CDCs also considers part-payment or payment in instalments for their services before delivering the services. CDC charges moderately lower fees and deliver faster services and comply with occupation safety and health of the emptiers and environmental standards (e.g. disposing sludge in the designated site). This study is based on a demonstration-cum-campaign of CDC-led vacutug services in ward 17 in the city. The campaign involves distribution of leaflets with health and environmental cautions and service pricing information. Among others, it also executes emptying application / request, assessment of the containments and customers satisfaction forms which are then imputed and stored in real-time information systems developed for the FSM service providers. The integrated systems reports help the city authority to offer solutions to containment upgradation and to anticipate time at which next containment emptying tasks will be carried out. The study reveals, among others, lack of awareness among the households of the risks associated with health and environment as well as familiarity of the services that are available. This study presents those findings that will later be used as basis for developing tools for behavior change communication to encourage safe emptying and improve community health and the conditions of the natural environment. Agricultural Adaptation Practices to Climate Change in Bangladesh: A Study on Rampal Upazila of Bagerhat District Imtiaz Ahmad, Imtiaz Ahmad, Student, Urban and Rural Planning, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Kaniz Fatema, Student, Urban and Rural Planning, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Bangladesh one of the world‟s most vulnerable country that will face remarkable challenges to climate change. Agriculture is an important sector of the country and dominate the economy of the country but it is also the most vulnerable sector to climate change as a result, adaptation with climate change is in agriculture is now a priority for Bangladesh. Significance of agriculture on livelihoods of a majority poor in the developing world and its vulnerability to impacts of climate change and variability motivated this study. This research identifies the climate change risk and impact as well as adaptation mechanism. It also sought to analyze socio-economic implications of the changes in crop based agricultural practice and recommends appropriate policy and strategic actions to assist smallholder farmers adapt and enhance their resilience. Using a mixed research approach based on primary data from Rampal Upazila of Bagerhat district, the results from the study revealed that the state of climate in the area is changing; rainfall shows a decreasing trend while temperature indicates an increasing trend. Changes in the local climate and subsequent changes in farming practices had mostly negative implications at household and community level causing water shortage, decrease in income, food insecurity and threats to human health. The farmers have also been changing their farming practices overtime. The farmers have introduced new crops and crop varieties

which are saline tolerant and they have also stopped cultivation of some crops as well as crop varieties. In this regard the study also attempted to identify roughly the cost effectiveness of various alternative practices in crop agriculture. Farmers are engaging in various economic activities to diversify their income sources also. Farmers recommended various interventions to support them to adapt in the following thematic areas: research and development to enhance resilience, strengthening sustainable management of water resources to deal with changes in salinity and other extreme events. Other recommended aspects include enhancing access to incentives, subsidies and introducing crop insurance to farmers; and enhancing farmers‟ adaptive capacity through provision of technological and technical support like adaptation technologies, early warnings, education and training. The study also reviewed the existing policies relevant to agriculture and climate change adaptation to have a better understanding to recommend specific measures that can be undertaken to help the farmers further capable to adapt with the impact of climate change impacts based on the findings from the study area.

SESSION – 08: POLICY AND POLITY: WHO MAKES DECISION FOR WHOM?

Changing Role of State in Bangladesh - From Control to Coordination: Case of Climate Change Policies in Bangladesh Professor Dr. Kazi Maruful Islam, Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka. Abstract: Historically, the state has been recognized as the most instrumental actor in the policy arena with its tight control over the public policy process. However, in recent years there has a gradual shift in the role of state in several policy domains been observed; the state has moved away from a controlling position to a more kind of coordinating role in a complex policy network. The aim of this paper is, primarily, to map out the process of this transformation in a post-colonial state like Bangladesh; and also, to examine its implications for accountability and democratic legitimacy. Having employed narrative analysis as the core research method using narratives from various sources including in-depth interviews and published documents the paper took a closer look at the climate policy domain in Bangladesh. The paper argues that, in complex multilevel governance structure the state loses the control over the policy domains that involve higher technical knowledge and higher dependence on non-state actors. Having examined the climate policy arena, for instance, the paper finds that the state is neither the sole, nor necessarily the primary, actor in climate change governance in Bangladesh. The paper also argues that the state depends on and thus involves different non-state technical bodies in climate governance; and thus creates room for increased influence and control of non-state actors. The paper suggests, in a postcolonial society where a host of systemic inequalities already exists, the change in the role of state may lead to lowering accountability of policy actors and reducing the legitimacy of the state in the long run. Legal Protection and Management of Aqua Biodiversity: What Maldives can Learn from Bangladesh? Shahab Shabbir, Lecturer, Faculty of Shari‟a & Law, The Maldives National University, Maldives. Abstract: The Republic of Maldives has one of the richest marine biodiversity of the world. The country‟s coral reefs are the seventh largest in the world, representing some 5% of the global reef area. Its 21,000 square kilometers of reefs are home to 250 species of coral, which teem with over 1,000 species of fish and this unique environment is the bedrock of their economy as well. Fisheries and tourism are their two largest industries which are heavily dependent on a healthy and diverse marine ecosystem. These two industries alone provide three quarters of jobs, 90% of the GDP and two thirds of foreign exchange earnings for the Maldives. Moreover, healthy coral reefs help protect the islands from natural disasters and guard against the adverse effects of climate change. However, in recent years, the economic and environmental health of Maldives has been put to jeopardy by taking the biodiversity as granted and neglecting the natural environment for earning short-term benefits. The real time protection of the Maldivian biodiversity is, thus, not only important for the country‟s environmental health but it is also an economic and developmental imperative. As the nation has witnessed political unrest and social instability in the recent years, the legal instrument and management mechanics for the ecosystem conservation and protection is hardly available. An inspiration for a proper compliance mechanism is thus a sine qua non for the Maldives. Bangladesh, being a remarkable growth holder in terms of aqua biodiversity conservation, could be a source helpful in shaping the future legal mechanism for the preservation and management of marine ecosystem in the Maldives. The legal system of Bangladesh has distinct arrangements for the conservation of its ecosystem in general and its aqua biodiversity in particular. Very recently, the Government of Bangladesh has declared the Swatch of No Ground as its first Marine Protected Area (MPA) that covers an area of 1,738 square kilometers on the southern side of Dublachar Island in the Bay of Bengal. It is home to a significant number of endangered marine species, some of which are considered to be vulnerable from a conservation standpoint. Protecting the ecosystems in which these marine animals live is

also beneficial to the local communities who make a living out of fishing in the waters. The need for protecting land and marine based natural resources is likely to become even more important as the challenges of climate change increase. Though Bangladesh do not have any specific legislation addressing the coastal ecosystem issues, yet a sincere review of the available laws and policies gives clear implication of coastal area conservation and development and thereby ensuring the effective management of marine biodiversity in the nation. If all its conservation strategies are taken as inspiration, it could be helpful in shaping the future legal compliance mechanism for the protection and conservation of Maldivian aqua ecosystem. Coherent Policy Option for Bangladesh to Deal with Climate-induced Displacement Nowrin Tabassum, PhD Student, McMaster University, Canada. Abstract: Maximum research on climate change and migration shows that Bangladesh is at risk for generating the most climate-induced displaced people. According to a survey, conducted in 2010 by the Association of Climate Refugees (ACR)- a local non-governmental organization of Bangladesh- the country hold six million climate-induced displaced people in its disaster-prone areas. The reason for having so many displacements is - several effects of climate change work in Bangladesh simultaneously such as sea level rise, river bank erosion, and saline intrusion into arable lands, frequent cyclones and droughts that uproots people. The future for Bangladeshi climate-induced displacement is more frightening because most of the research on climate change forecast that by 2050 the country will have 30 million climate-induced displaced people and 20 million of those will be because of sea level rise. However, there is no long term protection regime for these uprooted people in Bangladesh. The 2005 Bangladesh National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) and the 2009 Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) address immediate supplies of shelter and aid to the cyclone and flood affected people. However, these actions are temporary; following the first few months when the shock to devastation normalizes, these supplies stop. The lack of any protection regime for the displaced people makes Bangladesh unprepared for sheltering the current and future displaced people. In addition, submerging land masses further intensifies the problem because it reduces habitable lands of this small densely populated country. Therefore, the question arises- what steps can Bangladesh take in order to deal with its current and future climate-induced displaced people? Many researchers argue that existing 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights laws can be used as a tool for protecting climate-induced displaced people because shelter is considered one of the basic necessities of human being. However, I view that relying on the existing laws are simplistic one that ignores that fact that climate induced displacement must be dealt in multiple levels- that can start with grassroots level and then expanded to national, regional and international levels. Therefore, I argue that Bangladesh needs a coherent policy option that will incorporate (i) giving immediate shelter to the existing climate-induced displaced people within the country where lands are available for relocating them, (ii) signing bilateral agreement with neighboring countries in order to handle cross-border climate-induced migration, (iii) signing multilateral agreement with other countries in order to make a platform that will ultimately press for recognizing free movement of climate-induced displaced people across nations in a new global regime (within UNFCCC or UNHCR), (iv) going to a public-private partnership with national and international non-governmental organizations for the planned relocation of these displaced people, and (v) incorporating of the voice/ demand of the displaced people in order to have a realistic solution of the problem. Green Information Systems: Linking Digital Governance with Climate Change Mitigation in Bangladesh Dr. Mohammad Shahanoor Alam, UNO, Nandail Upazilla, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Abstract: Green Information Systems (IS) is an emerging sub-field of IS discipline aiming to investigate how technology, information system, business processes, organization culture and socio-technical systems can enhance climate change mitigation and environmental sustainability. This paper seeks significance of Green IS in bridging digital governance and climate change mitigation as well as environmental sustainable activities in Bangladesh. The government of the day launched „Digital Bangladesh‟ whereby „digital governance‟ is a flagship program along with wide application of ICT in public sector organization, educational institution and in the business processes. However, from empirical evidence and participant observation, it is appeared that there is a delink between ICTs and climate change mitigation as well as environmental sustainability. Consequently, application of ICT as well as digital governance initiatives in Bangladesh rarely accounts climate change mitigation and environmental sustainability. This paper, thus, argues that designing and applying a Green IS offers potentials to bridge between digital governance and climate change mitigation and environmental sustainability. The Politics of Development and the Impact of Water Logging on Local Life and Livelihood Strategy of South-West Coastal Region People of Bangladesh

Md. Azmain Muhtasim Mir, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Comilla University, Bangladesh. Abstract: This paper focuses on the context of the implementation of coastal embankment project and unveils the consequence of the project on the life and livelihood of south-west region in Bangladesh. In This research paper I critically discuss the impact of water-logging on social and political settings, livelihood strategy and everyday interactions of the researched area. Besides, this research paper also intended to identify the changes in survival tactics of local people which are being practiced to adjust with the adverse situation. The discussible project was undertaken by the East Pakistan government and funded by USAID to increase rice production in 1960. East Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (EPWAPDA) implanted 39 polders in aforementioned region. As a result, the heavy loads of silt carried by the tides settled on the riverbeds, which gradually rose above the level of the lands within the polders, and that closed the sluice gates. This process of river silting and land subsidence caused drainage congestion, which caused permanent water logging in many parts of that region. Government and Non-Government organizations implemented several project to solve the problem, but they were totally failed. The drainage congestion, therefore, has been effecting over the food production after 1990, as many parts of cultivable lands are logged by water. This water logging has been impacting on local people‟s life and livelihood. Besides, this manmade water logging also waved the natural environment system of that region. This manmade disaster has been highly affecting the natural environment system and ecology as well as changed the economic, political and socio-cultural practices of that region. Based on qualitative research methods; mainly In-depth Interview, Oral History and Narrative Approach, this paper shows how the implementation of coastal embankment project has affected the ecology and cultural settings of the region and how this manmade disaster has become the significant cause in creating different realities for the local inhabitants to confront in everyday life. SESSION – 09: DISCOURSES OF CLIMATE REFUGEES: DISPLACEMENT, MIGRATION AND CLIMATE

JUSTICE

Mobile Lifestyle and Adaptation of the Marginalized River Gypsies: A Study of the Nomadic Bede Community in Sylhet City Farjana Islam Bhuiyan, and Muhaiminah Faiz Chowdhury, Student, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Sanjay Krishno Biswas, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Abstract: Cultural and ethnic diversity has molded a number of distinctive communities in Bangladesh and the Bedes, also known as the River Gypsy, are the only major nomadic community of the country. They mainly belong to the ethnic Mong-Tong of Arakan and settled down in Bikrampur of Dhaka in 1638. Later on they spread out to the remote areas of Bengal. Today, around 5 lakh Bedes inhabit Bangladesh (Maksud AKM, 2006; 2) scattered more or less in different regions including Dinajpur, Rangpur, Bogra, Pabna, Jessore, Kushtia, Bagerhat, Comilla, Noakhali, Chittagong, Sylhet, Dhaka etc. The Bede‟s of Bangladesh are marginalized, nomadic community with little access to the mainstream society, politics and economy. Climate change has been affecting the nomadic Bede community both explicitly and implicitly as the community is directly dependent on river network. They are exposed to natural hazards more directly than any other community. Despite all these difficulties the Bede‟s are still surviving. A qualitative study will be carried out to analyze the mobile lifestyle and adaptation strategies of the Bede community in Sylhet City Corporation area. Purpose of this paper is to discover the survival of the marginalized and nomadic Bede community among the mainstream society of Sylhet City Corporation area. The aim of the study is to analyze the reasons behind the Bede community‟s migration, process of adaptation in the new place, effect of climate change in their mobile lifestyle, occupational diversity and the present state of the community in Sylhet City Corporation area. The present state of the Bede community will include factors such as, socio-cultural, political, ecological and economic. The covered areas of the fieldwork shall be- Kalighat and Lawwai in Sylhet City Corporation area. This study will be a qualitative enquiry as the techniques and tools for collecting data shall be- observation, in-depth interview, life history and so on. Data collection will be done thoroughly to explore the untouched, excluded and stigmatized Bede community. It is high time that we became aware of their marginalized situation. Hopefully the findings from this study will suggest contributing factors of the marginalized and nomadic communities of Bangladesh. Climate Change-induced Migration: Impact on Slumaisation Lam-ya Mostaque, Research Associate, Centre for policy Dialogue (CPD), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Md. Sharif Hasan, Independent Researcher, Bangladesh. Abstract: What is the relationship between climate change-induced migration and slumaisation? Climate change induced migration and slumaisation are two ongoing phenomena in Bangladesh. This paper will to identify the link between the two processes. And by doing so the paper will seek to develop a theory that can explain the different contributors that links these two. In doing that, the paper will examine the existing theories about climate change induced migration and slumaisation. The paper then will discuss the key issues that different aspects of climate change induced migration and slumaisation. It links the two processes using various data for evidence. Then the paper will try to combine the existing theories to develop a model that incorporate different factors that influences people choices to migrate, when facing effects of climate change. The paper will suggest that the decision making process for climate adaptive migrationa and climate change induced displacement is not the same, and economic pull, probability of finding jobs and social network are the main factors that attract the climate induced migrants to the cities, causing slumaisation in long run. Finally, the paper ends with providing policy recommendations that will help the government to face the inevitable situation in future. Migration and Climate Change: A Study on Extended Urban Areas in Sylhet City. Mst. Gulajannath Prianka Choudhury, Graduated in Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. Md. Shahgahan Miah, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. Abstract: Migration has great influences to bring changes in climate and the natural settings. The main objective of this paper was to know the impact of migration on climate change and adaptive strategies in the unmitigated urban areas. We gathered data using through ten in depth interview, five key informant interviews, three focus group discussion and observation note. The study conducted in Baluchar areas of Sylhet city in Bangladesh. The key findings were migrants in urban areas living in periphery of urban where new settings influenced greatly to bring changes in the locality. Climate change induced migration from rural to urban while natural settings have replaced through these migrants like cutting hills, bared forests, filled low land and canals, uses open sanitation, slum and multistoried building; Inappropriate solid waste disposal system, water logging state etc. It was also found that violence and socioeconomic insecurity are increased. It is noteworthy that lightening kills several people in these open residents. Development of a Decision Making Framework for Environmentally Induced Migration in Rangpur City Md. Nazmul Islam, Md. Hamidul Islam, Mohammad Saddam Hossain, Md. A. Raquib, and Md. Nasir Uddin Sarkar, Student, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Begum Rokeya University, Bangladesh. Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Begum Rokeya University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Migration from rural to urban areas has become a regular event but due to environmental push people bound to migrate to cities over the recent years has become a matter of concern. The impact and severity of natural hazards by climate change causes displacing people not only physically but also increasing poverty by hampered their wealth and also causes threaten to their life. People loss their livelihoods temporary and permanently. Increasing number of people creates crisis in the city area. People suffer from lack of their basic needs (food, education, health care, shelter etc.) which make their life tough. Displaced people living in urban slums are in search of better and secure life. But urban slums located mostly in low lying environmentally hazardous area coupled with inadequate facilities. Growing number of people in urban slums over the recent past creates extra pressure on existing systems and challenge to government development activities like slum development and poverty reduction strategy. This paper depicts the migration pattern and its causes of displacement, while it has been found that majority of them displaced due to environmental push and their present socioeconomic condition makes their life worse. Planned migration and secured socioeconomic factors are suggested through this paper to reduce urban crisis and livelihood insecurity of urban poor. Migration and Climate Change at Hatiya in Noakhali of Bangladesh Md. Shafiullah, Student, Department of Anthropology, Comilla University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Climate change is everywhere, in every country, all over the world. Climate change is most concerning issue of the world. The aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between climate change and migration at

Hatiya in Noyakhali of Bangladesh. Using qualitative tools such as Key Informant Interview, In-Depth Interview, Focus Group Discussion this study was conducted. There it was noted that the people migrate from one place to another for natural disaster. The people always face the effects of the climate change. They lose their house, land, crops, cattle and sometime lose family members. They migrate from one place to another for adverse effects of climate change. But it was also found that the migrated place is also not safe from natural disaster. People also face bad effects of climate change. They think that only God can save them or can put their lives at risk. The main finding of this study is that people of this area struggle for their existence. The erosion, stream, heavy rainfall, cyclone etc. is common at the coastal area like Hatiya. They said that there are no things that can save them from such disaster except their God. As such they migrate from one area to another within Hatiya mostly to survive though the place where they migrate also seemed as not so much safe from natural disaster. There it is common that a lot of people migrate to new char where the condition of weather is not so good. But people go because of the hope of survival. People struggle for their living from adverse effects of climate change. The relationship between climate change, natural disasters and migration is crucial. The paper also shows that this effect varies depending on geographical location. Finally, it can be concluded that while struggling with natural calamities, people adopt migration as a key aspect and hope to survive in such region full of natural disasters. SESSION – 10: RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE Assessment of Climate Induced Flood Vulnerability at Sirajgonj District of Bangladesh Shishir Reza, Post-graduate Student, Japan Study Center, University of Dhaka. Shamsur Rahman, Post-graduate Student, Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University.

Abstract: Bangladesh is among the most disaster prone countries in the world and will become even more so as a result of climate change. It is a country of highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Floods, tropical cyclones, storm surges and draughts are likely to become more frequent and severe in our country. These changes will threaten the significant achievements that Bangladesh has made over the past 25 years in increasing income and reducing poverty. Over the last 40 years, the Government of Bangladesh, with the support of development partners, has invested over 10 billion US$ to make country less vulnerable to natural disasters. These investments include flood management, coastal polders, cyclone and flood shelters and the raising roads and highways above the flood level. In addition, Government at different times have developed state-of-the art warning systems for floods, cyclones and storm surges and are still trying to expand the community-based disaster preparedness. Bangladesh in general is subject to floods because much of the country occupies the deltaic floodplains of the Brahmaputra/ Jamuna, Ganges/Padma, and Meghna Rivers, which is the second largest river system in the world. This research aims to observe the climatic trend (temperature, rainfall and humidity) for last 53 years (1960-2012), evaluate the impact of climate induced flood vulnerability and predict the future climatic condition in the study area. In the study area average value of climatic events (temperature, rainfall and humidity) are continuously increased. But average rainfall was decreased last in 10 years and reduced the flood intensity. The unpredictability of climate factors poses new challenges for different livelihood groups to understand and adapt to floods and its impacts. The challenge, Bangladesh now faces is to scale up different projects and investments to create a suitable environment for economic and social development of the country and to secure the well-being of our people, especially the poorest and the most vulnerable groups including women and children. With access to education, information and diversified skills not solely dependent on nature, adaptive capacity can be developed increasing livelihood resilience throughout Bangladesh. Climate Change and its Impacts on Human Health in Bangladesh Alifa Tajmin, Student, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Begum Rokeya University, Bangladesh. Woakimul Islam Shakil, Student, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Abstract: Bangladesh, one of the south Asian countries, has started experiencing major public health impacts of climate change due to its vulnerable geographical location and its poor state of public health. The recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirmed that, there is overwhelming infrastructure due to climate change in Bangladesh as a developing country. A number of possible direct and indirect impacts of climate change on public health in Bangladesh have been identified in this article. The objective of this paper is to look at the extent of climate change in Bangladesh and its impact on human health. This paper is based on the review of

relevant literature and journal articles on climate change and health from varied recourses. Major health impacts of climate change in Bangladesh observed are temperature related illness, food, water and vector borne diseases. Human health is at serious risk due to climate change in Bangladesh though the country‟s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is very small compared to many developed nations. Unless steps are taken and put in place immediately to mitigate and adapt to climate change, Bangladesh will have to pay a heavy toll in terms of productivity and human lives. Women’s Economic Vulnerability of Flood: A Case Study of Area Habitants Living Nearby the Tista Rive of the Northern Territory of Bangladesh Marjina Masud, Student, Department of Women and Gender Studies, Begum Rokeya University, Bangladesh. Md. Mahabub Chowdhury, Student, Department of Women and Gender Studies, Begum Rokeya University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Bangladesh is intersected with a lot of rivers and sometimes these rivers have been subjected to blessings when these contribute to the living and economic surrounding of the people. But sometimes these rivers have also been turned into sufferings when people have to experience river bank erosion, flood, and drought. This study aims to investigate the „Tista Politics‟ and its impact on vulnerability of women during flood in the northern region of the country. Tista is the most influential river of northern region of Bangladesh and holds immense contribution towards the lives of the people because of its geographical and economic importance. Over the last few decades the government of Bangladesh has adopted projects related to Tista river on dams, barrage, irrigation and so forth. Although these project have immense socio-economic impact on the lives of the people living in the region, these have accelerated extreme weather events like flood and drought. Tista river has been originated in India and Bangladesh has to share its water with India. Bangladesh has signed a bilateral treaty to have fair share of water with India. But, Bangladesh does not get the fair share of water. The existing Tista politics of not giving fair share of water in time and sending excessive water during rainy season to Bangladesh has made it a subject of vulnerability to people because northern region of the country has to deal with drought and flood during the summer and rainy season respectively. Women who have been participating in active productive work such as day laborer, farming, small business etc. are at the center of the study. While conducting the research, face to face interview and case study methods will be used as primary data collection method to have the core subjective experience and clear insight of women and their vulnerability due to the flood in order to make our research clarified. Besides, reports published from the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief of People‟s Republic of Bangladesh, research articles, newspaper reports, journal articles, editorials related to women‟s vulnerability due to flood have also been used as secondary data for further depth and sophisticated guidelines. Findings of the study suggest that women are the worst victim of flood and suffer most such as increase in workload, risk of being affected by diseases, death, loose of work place and cultivation because of their gender roles and responsibilities compare to their male counterparts. This study unfolds the reality of women‟s vulnerability in the context of flood caused by the worst consequences of Tista Politics and lead to further investigation on how and to what extent people‟s social and economic lives are affected as a result of drought, river bank erosion, and extreme cold by this. Impacts of Climate Change on Nutrition Security: Who are Victims of Malnutrition? Muhammad Ashraful Alam, PhD Student, Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka. Abstract: The Climate Change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century (Lancet series, 2008). Bangladesh is one of the countries in the world that are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change (Mallik and Etzold, 2014). The coast of Bangladesh consists of 19 districts, covers 32% of the country and accommodates more than 35 million people (SRDI, 2010). Ecology of the coastal region especially in the southwest region is greatly concerned with salinity. Under nutrition prevalence is chronically high in the coastal region. Bangladesh is still classified as having a high prevalence of chronic under nutrition and over six million children are stunted. The present nutrition scenario is stunting 36%, wasting 14%, underweight 33% (BDHS, 2014). The study findings show, the people of the region are suffering from scarcity of safe drinking water, sanitation, irrigation, agriculture, livelihood and food and nutrition security with the consequence of climate change. The poorest people suffering from the highest rates of malnutrition and the most vulnerable to climate change. Particularly women and children are the main victims of the changing climate. They are more vulnerable in any emergency during disaster. Nutrition security can improve their climate related shocks and stresses as well as malnutrition. SESSION – 11: REFUGEES AND MIGRATION ISSUES IN CLIMATE CHANGE

Health Care Seeking Behavior among Migrants Vulnerable to Climate Change: Study of a Slum in Dhaka City Dr. Md. Aminul Haque, Associate Professor, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka. Sawkialupin, Student, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka. Abstract: Bangladesh has been declared as the sixth most affected country to climate change in the world. Increasing recurrence of climatic events, socio-economic losses, severity of environmental degradation and frequency of climate induced diseases pushed people in such a vulnerable situation that they compelled them to migrate as an adaptive mechanism of climate change. Therefore, a group of climate vulnerable migrants moved to the slums in the capital city. The rate of rural to urban migration is significantly high in Bangladesh and adverse effect of climate change has worked as a strong push factor for the displacement of a group of people and made then vulnerability in many respects specially receiving health services in the place of residence. This paper aims to at identify the socio economic condition of the climate vulnerable migrants, their life after migration, their perception regarding climate change, health and disease, their heath care seeking behavior as well as constrains. A cross sectional research study was conducted in a slum area of the capital city Dhaka in order to find out the health care seeking behavior of migrants vulnerable to climate change. A total of 250 climate vulnerable migrants consist of 125 male and 125 female respondents were interviewed. Migrants who migrated within last 5 years were included in the study. A list of all climate vulnerable people were prepared and sample were selected using simple random sampling. Both the univariate and bivariate analysis were used to analysis the data. Chi-square test has been applied to find out the relationship between categorical variables. Over 36% respondents migrated from Bhola, 19.6 % from Sherpur and 16% from Potulakhali districts. Most of the migrants were the victim of river erosion and excessive flood. Respondents have lost their job, homesteads, social relations, movable and non-movable assets. In area of origin whereas 57.2% respondents sought health care it dropped to 37.2% after migration and only 39.8% female sought health care in new place that indicates their heath care seeking behavior decreased and they reported existing barriers as the critical reason behind this. The study indicates that after migration though the climate vulnerability of these climate susceptible migrants alleviate but their overall socio-economic and health condition collapsed than before. Besides the climate induced diseases and after migration disease continuation rate is higher among male migrants compared to female. There is no significant difference between male and female regarding the changing weather pattern has been found and health care seeking behavior among female respondents has worsened after migration and their attitudes as well as existing barriers of the new settlement are basically playing the role of catalysts that keeping them aloof from seeking the health care services. Thus the study highlighted that overall health care seeking behavior of the climate vulnerable migrants deteriorated after migration in Dhaka city which requires proper attention in order to eliminate their sufferings in the new settlement. Climate Change Induced Migration: The Case of Bangladesh Md. Humayain Kabir, Assistant Professor, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Mohammed Abdul Baten, Senior Lecturer, School of Environmental Science and Management, Independent University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Coupled with a number of hydrological, geological and socio-economic factors the impacts of climate change have resulted in increased poverty, death, loss of property and more importantly forced migration in Bangladesh. On the basis of existing available data, the study has revealed a worrying picture of forced migration due to some hydro-meteorological hazards namely floods, cyclones, droughts, river bank erosion in Bangladesh. The study found that on an average 2.5 million people displaced permanently in every major floods. Even though cyclone hits this delta on a regular interval, but the frequency and intensity has increased many folds in recent times along with increased damages. Within last 10 years, cyclone SIDR displaced 650,000 people; about 20,000 people were displaced by cyclone Bijli; and another 842,000 by Aila. Riverbank erosion also causes loss of thousands of hectares of agricultural land; loss of homes and property; death and injury; and disruption of economic production, education, communications and sanitation facilities. Despite of migration of huge number of people, existing legal frameworks such as „the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees‟, and the „United nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement‟ provide insufficient protection for climate change migrants. Of late, „Cancun Agreements‟ in 2010, also addressed climate-induced migration and acknowledged the need for addressing the movement of people as a result of climate change. In Bangladesh, in recent times, climate change induced migration also addressed in some policies insufficiently. The study suggests that either „United Nations Framework for Convention on Climate Change‟ (UNFCCC) or UNHCR should formulate a

clear definition and guiding principles for the climate migrants immediately and declare them as Universal Natural Person (UNP). Compelled Migration: A Consequence of Climate Change Accelerating Intense Settlement in Dhaka City Fahima Aqtar, Field research supervisor, ICDDR, B. Ibtesum Afrin, Research Assistant, Access to Information Program, Bangladesh. Abstract: Changes in human settlement patterns historically were linked with changes in climate. The origin of city changed the human settlement pattern drastically and industrialization has further accelerated urbanization and the climate controlled settlement in cities. The anthropogenic climate change is largely believed directed caused by urbanization and industrialization. Human migration was key driving forced in rapid urbanization and industrial revolution in eighteen and nineteen centuries. Now, in the context of further exacerbation of climate change and manifestation of its impact, more and more rural people are migrating to urban centers with the hope of livelihood and shelter. The large part of such migration can be termed as “compelled migration”. This paper, however, demonstrates on how „compelled migration‟ is taking place from rural areas to urban cities of Bangladesh as an upshot of the climate change. It also illustrates further consequences- uninhabitable living conditions and health risks of migrated people, for instance, along with the demographical and ecological imbalance. As gender is vastly interlinked with the climate change, this study has put an attention at greater risk of the gender vulnerability and gender equity. To accomplish these, it has conducted particularly on those people who have migrated to Dhaka city and living in slum areas for about last seven to eight years as a corollary of climatic change. This article attempted to understand the perception of migrated people about their present living conditions compared to their previous rural livelihood. Migration is always challenging and compelled migration put an extra strain upon the migrated population as they usually do not ready for the new environment- physically, mentally and to a large extent, financially. However, living standard of the migrated people and their economic conditions along with social and cultural practices goes through dramatic changes. Consequently, they face difficulty with their economic and social capital, which, in this study, asserted by Bourdieu‟s theory of capital. Compounding this, climate change is worsening a variety of health problems leading to more widespread malnutrition and diarrheal diseases, and altered distribution of some vectors of disease transmission such as the malarial mosquito. Besides, some other diseases like lungs cancer, tuberculosis and skin diseases are also increasing which is more deadly and harder to deal with. As a result, their physical capital becomes unstable as well. In addition, because of the economic “pull” for survival and environmental “push” for the climatic hazards, urban slums are gradually getting overpopulated. As a consequence of this kind of „push‟ and „pull‟ factors, ecological imbalance is taking place and affecting the whole environment negatively. Therefore, addressing all these issues, the work presented here has profound implications for future studies of climate change and migrations and may one-day help in the study of increasing ecological degradation and uninhabitable conditions of the migrated and the existing population as a whole. Rehabilitation Reality of Climate Displaced People in Southern Coast of Bangladesh: Need Relevant Policies and Institutional Frameworks Md. Arifur Rahman, Chief Executive, YPSA. Mohammad Shahjahan, Head, Knowledge Management for Development (KM4D), YPSA. Prabal Barua, Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, YPSA. Morshed Hossan Molla, Associate Research Officer, YPSA. Abstract: Climate change induced displacement has got vast importance in recent years as one of the most consequences of climate change. Due to its unique geographical position Bangladesh suffers from regular natural hazards, including floods, tropical cyclones, storm surges and droughts. These hazards are already leading to the loss and destruction of housing, land and property, the loss of livelihoods and widespread displacement across the country. Among the 64 districts of Bangladesh, 26 coastal and mainland districts are already producing climate displaced people. Chittagong and Cox‟s Bazar coastal area belong to Southern Coast of Bangladesh which is most affected place of climate change induced displacement because of several devastating natural disasters. The aspects of climate-induced displacement stated above involve two different dimensions; a) cause dimension, that climate related disaster events and their residual impacts, and b) consequence dimension that socio-economic deprivation and violation of human rights etc. Climate change can affect people displacement in Southern coastal region by both sudden environmental events and gradual environment changes and this region has experienced in recent two devastating cyclone Komen and Ruano and flood, which caused severe damaged. The communities of this coastal area who affected by Ruano also impacted by series of disasters since 2012. These have progressively reduced the coping capacity of the population in these areas and prevented the affected population to recover fully.

Cyclone Ruano and Komen responsible for displaced 190,000 and 125,000 people from their living land. They lost their cultural harmony and housing, land and property rights compare than other people. There 3 times flood happened last year forced to displace 80,000 peoples and they are living on the coastal embankment and other unsafe shelter places. So, these disasters occurred within a year of 2015-2016, created 65% of households in the southern region functionally landless and homeless. A climate displaced person belongs to the right to humanitarian assistance; right to adequate housing and shelter; right to land, right to food, water and adequate sanitation; right to education; right to medical assistance and health services; right to freedom of movement; right to choose one‟s residence and right to relocate. There should be a rights-based solution to this problem. Bangladesh Government implementing several program of rehabilitation in Southern Coastal area like Khas land distribution, Ghore Phera Program, Ashrayan Project, The Adarsha Gram Prokolpo and The Ashrayan-2 Project. The rehabilitation of displaced persons by government and non-government sectors are, to date, insignificant in terms of the total number of displaced persons. Importantly, livelihood problems remain after the rehabilitation of displaced persons. Therefore, there is a need to review the relevant policies and institutional frameworks identifying the protection gaps and adopting new policies to protect the climate displaced persons. There should be initiatives to generate sustainable employment opportunity for the rehabilitation of climate displaced persons. SESSION – 12: CULTURE, RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION

Growing Trees for Reversing Deterioration in Equilibrium of Land, River, and Sea in Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta Shahriar Khan, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Independent University, Bangladesh. Abstract: The unfavorable changes of the last few decades in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta have cost countless lives and contributed to widespread suffering. These changes include an increase in the severity and duration of floods, a tendency of rivers to become wider and shallower, an increase in the numbers and areas of river islands, and an increase in the speed of river meandering and riverbank erosion. Past searches for the cause and mitigation of these unfavorable effects have been mostly unsuccessful or impractical. Attempts at solutions include construction of embankments, dredging, etc. However, the role of trees in mitigating these unfavorable effects has rarely been considered. This paper interprets these unfavorable changes as shifts in the land-river-sea dynamic equilibrium. It then looks for the changes in the surroundings that have led to unfavorable changes described above. The primary cause for the change in the equilibrium is identified to be the loss of forestation and vegetation. This supports that the unfavorable changes can be reversed by growing trees and vegetation, which would raise coastal land elevations, reducing the severity of cyclonic storm surges. Regarding recent concerns about rising sea-levels, planting trees would tend to raise land elevations of river deltas. It is recommended that vegetation on river islands be removed to encourage the disappearance of river islands in favor of land at the riverbanks. The findings of this paper are equally applicable to other river deltas worldwide, where there has been extensive deforestation. Community-based Adaptation to Climate Change: Experience of the Coast of Bangladesh Dr. Mahfuzul Haque, Former Secretary of the Government of Bangladesh & Adjunct Faculty, Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka. Abstract: The conical shape of the Bay of Bengal and Bangladesh‟s very location on the tip of the sea made the country vulnerable to periodic natural disasters like, cyclone and tidal surges. The coastal zone is characterized by a vast network of rivers and tidal channels; erosion and accretion processes continue, siltation takes place on water courses and river beds; and the area is prone to cyclone, storm surges and salinity intrusion. Series of tropical cyclones, tornadoes, tidal bore attack the coast every year. With the change in climate, natural disaster would increase both in frequency and intensity. Threat of sea level rise due to climate change is also looming large. The people of the coast in particular and the country in general have developed through a process of innovation and practices, a variety of coping strategies and techniques that are well-suited to the local environment, economy and socio-cultural system. The coastal people have their localized knowledge and practices, developed over the generations that constitute a survival strategy in the face of natural disasters. Bangladesh possesses a rich heritage of indigenous knowledge and practices, much of which has been lost due to our failure in documenting them. Nevertheless, people in disaster-prone areas still nurture such knowledge in their myths, beliefs and traditions. The research objectives of the paper are: a) to look into the community-based adaptation measures being practiced by the coastal people in relation to various sectors like agriculture, fisheries, forestry; water and habitat; b) to review the impediments in promoting community based adaptation measures; and c) to suggest measures on how to conserve

the practices both in oral and in print forms. The paper argues that because of practicing of age-old indigenous knowledge, people of the coast could lessen damages to lives and property to a great extent in the face of natural disaster. The paper further argues that the fierce people of the coast have been maintaining a co-existence with natural disaster by applying their indigenous knowledge and practices acquired from their forefathers over the years. The paper would mainly use secondary sources of data available in print and electronic media. The author‟s book on Environmental Governance: Emerging Challenges for Bangladesh and similar other books would be found handy in writing this paper. The paper would suggest some recommendations in order to protect and promote community-based adaptation practices to climate change in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Mass Psychological Stress & Media’s Impact on Climate Change Issue in Bangladesh Sudipta Das Gupta and Kaniz FatemaTuz Zuhara, Student, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Javed Kaiser Ibne Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Abstract: Now a day‟s climate change and its impacts is one of the burning issues in recent world. Every year several conferences are held on climate change and its consequence. After every conference, the world media or public communication sectors publish the messages about the climate change and its salient aftermath, which strikes directly on human‟s mind, but the irony is no one thinks about the negative impacts of it on people's psycho-social behavior. In today‟s world Bangladesh is in highly risky position to natural disasters because of climate change. Bangladesh government is much more concerned about it‟s after effects on economic and natural sectors. But the core element is left out which is a human psychological state about climate change. In Bangladesh, there is no suitable arrangement to overcome from this psychological complex situation. It is acknowledged that the appall of climate change is a prime psychological and emotional oppressor in many different research. Individuals and communities both are affected by direct experiences of topical events and its leaving impression costs a lot, not only physically but mentally also. Based on this issue this paper will try to explore that what are the impacts of climate change on the human‟s psycho-social behavior? This study will be a qualitative- quantitative enquiry as research approach and we will use observation, interviewing (FGD, in-depth interview, questioner) cross sectional survey and case study as data collecting tools. Furthermore, this paper will also investigate the role of media and public communication on human psychology due to climate change. Exploring adaptation challenges under changing climate in south-western coastal part of Bangladesh Shamima Akhter Shanu, Student, Wageningen University, Netherlands. Md. Saidur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University. Abstract: South-western coastal part of Bangladesh is the hotspot for unlimited natural hazards. People, living in this area are struggling with this mutable situation. Many adaptation practices are initiated by local people and NGOs to cope with this changing situation. This study was conducted in four villages of Munshiganj Upazilla of Satkhira district. Field study reveals that majority percentage (75%) farmers practice shrimp farming as an adaptation option. Other categories farmers are involved in rice farming, crab farming, kuchia cultivation and vegetables farming. In this study, challenges faced by different categories of farmers are explored. Not only the local people but also NGOs professionals are also facing challenges during implementing their activities. Identification of existing challenges are important for making appropriate and sustainable adaptation strategy. SESSION – 13: HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Anthropology, Climate Change and Health: Some Perspectives Professor AKM Mazharul Islam, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh.

Abstract: Anthropologists‟ take on climate change and its effect on health are not fairly recently phenomena. Physical anthropologists and archaeologists had begun examining the role of primarily natural climate change in the bio- cultural evolution of humans in Africa and their subsequent diffusion to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. There is no denying the fact that climate change appears to have played a prominent role in the formation of various civilizations, the occupation or abandonment of different regions over time, and the collapse of major civilization and indigenous societies. This paper aims to investigate and to find out the relevance of the role of anthropologists in

addressing the issues such as; climate change, adaptation, and health. The promotion and reliance on relentless consumption of manufactured products has diffused from the industrialized countries to the developing world through trade, foreign investment, aid and development programs. Margaret Mead‟s „The Atmosphere: Endangered and Endangering‟ (1975) to the recent substantial works carried out by anthropologists Steve Rayner (Rayner and Malone 1998) and Mary Douglas (Douglas et al. 1998), archaeologists Carol Crumley (1994) and Brian Fagan (2000) have laid the foundations to a new direction in anthropology called the „anthropology of climate change‟. Since then this field of anthropology has matured into a diverse and strong effort exemplified by four perspectives: (1) the cultural ecological; (2) the cultural interpretive; (3) the critical anthropological perspective; and (4) the applied anthropology perspective. This paper is a synthesis of the works of those anthropologists and of those perspectives on the anthropology of climate change. Climate Change Impact on Livelihood and the Determinants of Health of the People Vulnerable to Climate Change Dr. Md. Aminul Haque, Associate Professor, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka. Abstract: It is known to the world community that Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable to climate change. The effect of climate change is multifaceted and multidimensional and affecting every aspects of life than what we can imagine of the people among the many challenges faced by the people of Bangladesh, the effects of climate change are discernibly threatening, impacting on human settlement, agricultural production, economic development, and human health. Bangladesh is a low-income country with limited resources; its vulnerability to climate change has influenced individuals to seek out health coping strategies. The objectives of the study were to explore how the livelihood of the people has been changed. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 households from Rajshahi and Khulna districts of Bangladesh selected through multi-stage sampling techniques, using a semi-structured questionnaire supplemented by 12 focus group discussions and 15 key informant interviews. 56% respondents already changed their cropping pattern to cope with changing pattern of climate. 86% identified that CC affected their crops, animals, cattle over last 5 years. They also noticed that paddy, potato, fish and many other crops cultivation and production were affectively severely climate change. They also experienced damaged of their crops and castles. 51.3 % respondents also recognize that there is sickness and diseases are related to present types of crop cultivation. They identified several types of sickness and diseases are involved due to climate change. People are concerned about climate change related changes in cropping patters, production loses, damages, changes in varieties of cultivation. Changes in jobs are identified. If jobs, cultivation patterns, cropping verities are changed, production losses are identified then it is very obvious that major part of livelihoods of the people is affected. Such changes would importantly affects the major determinants of health and can change the epidemiological pattern of the country. Respondents also associated diseases and sickness with the changing patterns of crops. With all the changes noticed, the structures of the societies are bound to change. It is also important to study and know how a society is adapting with all types of changes due to the affect of climate change. Systematic collection such knowledge on the changing pattern would be very important for the researchers, program planners and policymakers for revisiting and formulating new programs, strategies and policies for the climate vulnerable people. Such research findings would also be applicable for any countries where similar satiation exists. Immediate collection of such information would be very helpful for the people of Bangladesh who are vulnerable to climate change and living in a resource poor setting. Investigation of Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Social Vulnerability of Dengue Fever in Sri Lanka R.M. Bhagya Madhuwanthi, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. D R P Sendanayake, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. M A D Samanmali, Research Assistant, Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Abstract: In recent years, dengue has become a major international public health distress. According to the Intergovernmental Panel of Climatic Change (IPCC) dengue report the dengue is primarily an urban disease. In additionally, the tropical areas of the world, dengue transmission occurs year-round but has a seasonal peak in most countries during months with high rainfall and humidity. Sri Lanka is one of the tropical climatic country and the majority of people live in urban areas. As example, Urban population of Colombo, Gampaha districts were higher than the other districts of country. In Sri Lanka it is also an important concern as several dengue outbreaks were reported during past decade. It was become a major public health issue with a high morbidity and mortality of early (Sirisena, P.D.N.N.,et all 2014).The major objective of this study to investigate spatial and temporal distribution of dengue cases of Sri Lanka from 2010 to 2016. Similarly, studied the relationship between dengue cases and poverty level of Sri Lanka. These goals achieved using ArcGIS 10.1 version, GMDH Shell Forecasting software and R 3. X

statistical computation software. According to the results of spatial distribution of dengue disease, Colombo, Gampaha Rathnapura and Battcaloa were recorded high value of dengue patients from 2010 to 2016. Specially 34,773 dengue patients were recorded January to mid of August in 2016. 50% of the cases recorded in Western province during last eight months. Anyhow above mentioned districts are highly populated areas and also temporarily slum houses established in around the urban area. According to the epidemiology unit records of Sri Lanka, from 2010 to 2015 recorded total affected population (dengue cases) of Sri Lanka in order from 2010 to 2015 as follows: 29777, 47502, 32063, 44461, 28473, and 34188. The relationship between district total population and dengue patients was analyzed for the year 2015. It was recorded positive relationship and R square value is 0.56 at 0.05% significance level. Additionally, collected data was analyzed for temporal pattern and correlation with climatic data, such as Rainfall, Temperature and humidity of the country. According to the results of that bulk density of dengue cases were recorded in the South West and North East Monsoon period. The monthly variation of Dengue cases very high in May to September and these five months recorded the highest rainfall to the Western part of the Sri Lanka. Anyhow positive correlation was recorded between the number of dengue cases and number of rainy and wet days, average humidity. Finally, conclude that spatial and temporal changes of dengue cases indicate that increased with climate change and short term weather streams. In additionally, majority of rough populated areas is highly vulnerable to the climate change and dengue cases. Adolescent’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Vulnerabilities During and After Disaster: A Qualitative Assessment to Identify the Role of Stakeholders to Reduce these Vulnerabilities in Barguna Sadar Upazilla of Bangladesh Kazi Robiul Alom, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Haribondhu Sarma, Head, Nutrition Program Evaluation Unit and Project Coordinator Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, ICDDR,B Bangladesh. Md. Golam Faruk Sarker, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Abstract: Although adolescents make up a large proportion of the population in the developing world, where most humanitarian emergencies occur, their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs are largely unmet. During natural and man-made humanitarian emergencies, however, family and social structures are disrupted: adolescents may be separated from their families or communities, while formal and informal educational programs are discontinued and community and social networks break down. The loss of livelihood, security and the protection provided by family and community places adolescents at risk of poverty, violence and sexual exploitation and abuse. The disruption of families, education and health services during emergencies, either due to infrastructure damage or to the increased demands placed on health and social-service providers during a crisis, adds to the problem and may leave adolescents without access to SRH information and services during a period when they are at risk. The lack of access to SRH information, the disruption or inaccessibility of SRH services, and the increased risk of SEA as well as high-risk sexual behaviors among adolescents during emergencies, puts adolescents at risk of unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, STIs and HIV infection. They may find themselves in risky situations that they are not prepared to deal with and they may suddenly have to take on adult roles without preparation, without positive adult role models or support networks. In that context community and parental acceptance and involvement in sexual and reproductive health issues of adolescents are crucial to minimizing their SRH risk. In this context this study wanted to identify ASRH vulnerabilities during and after disaster in Barguna Sadar Upazila, a disaster prone area of Bangladesh, and what roles the various stakeholders could play to reduce these vulnerabilities. Following a cross-sectional and exploratory study design and using qualitative research tools this paper wanted to explore the HRS vulnerabilities of adolescent especially girls of them during and after disaster period, their extent to exposure to sexual harassment, violence and exploitation, trafficking, transactional sex and child marriage during and after disaster and to identify responsible crucial stakeholders to reduce these risks and to find out their expected roles. Climate Change and Health: Livelihood and Ecosystem-based Impactsin Bangladesh and Mitigation Strategies Shakila Yasmin, Assistant Director (Adaptation), BCCT, MoEF, Bangladesh. Abstract: Anthropogenic climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century, with an estimated 250,000 additional deaths. Bangladesh is considered as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change impacts and approximately one-third of her coastal region will be inundated within 2080 (IPCC, 2013). In the context of risks reductions of outburst of diseases, there is significance of understanding for scaling up and mainstreaming the adaptive strategies through sector wide development planning in the coming years. Bangladesh has already set a good track record of adaptation and management in the affected area. Salt tolerant and deep water rice varieties

have been successfully tried in the coastal low lying areas. Green plantation and conservation of forest reserves have also contributed to a great deal in saving our mother planet-the earth. Exploring alternative sources of energy other than burning fossil fuel will bring down CO2 emission at an acceptable level. Solar energy is a good source for rural community which could be explored and utilized in primary level health facilities. Health effects are likely to result from altered air, water, agriculture, and ecosystems processes. There is a knowledge gap regarding climate change and public health which is putting multitudes at risk and demands for a major expansion of research and adaptive measures to tackle this problem. Global warming worsens many health problems, including malaria, dengue, and diarrhoeal diseases. Besides due to climate change induced increase in sea level rise, the brackish water will intrude further inland causing increased salinity of groundwater which will compel human populations to use natural surface water for household purposes including drinking. Previous studies clearly showed that the surface water ecosystem is heavily contaminated in Bangladesh (Islam et al, 2000, 2007, 2009). Eventually, people will contract more waterborne diseases due to close interactions with these contaminated aquatic ecosystems. Many attributes of ecosystems including biodiversity, water quality, and pollutant loads, have implications for infectious disease transmission and human health by regulating various aquatic organisms which can act as reservoirs and/or inducing factors of waterborne pathogens (Neogi et al., 2014). The sanitation facilities and hygiene knowledge among the rural people in coastal Bangladesh is not adequate. Recently due to arsenic contamination of tube-well water (54 out of 64 districts in Bangladesh are affected), the dependence on contaminated surface water has been increased dramatically which in turn may increase the probability of contracting cholera and other waterborne diseases. Along with the timely diagnosis, therapeutics and simple preventive strategies for waterborne/vector borne diseases, there remains a crying need for a long-term field-based systematic monitoring of the ecological changes in the aquatic ecosystems of Bangladesh to develop effective adaptation and mitigation efforts to cope with the changing climatic scenario. As more and more climate change mediated catastrophes mainly cyclone, flood, draught will occur in future which will result more diseases in Bangladesh. To cope with the changing climate induced disaster situation, an effective mitigation approach need to be applied. In the study, all the above aspects of climate change induced health impacts including livelihood, initiatives regarding all these aspects will be addressed. Health and Climate Change Md. Sakhawat Hossain, Project Officer, Climate Change Adaptation Project, Save the Children, Bangladesh. Abstract: The changing climate is linked to increases in a wide range of non-communicable and infectious diseases. Climate change currently contributes to the global burden of disease and premature deaths. Human beings are exposed to climate change through changing weather patterns. There are complex ways in which climatic factors (like temperature, humidity, precipitation, extreme weather events, and sea-level rise) can directly or indirectly affects the prevalence of diseases and indirectly through changes in water, air and food quality and changes in ecosystems, agriculture, industry and settlements and the economy. At this early stage the effects are small but are projected to progressively increase in all countries and regions. Emerging evidence of climate change effects on human health shows that climate change has: Alter the distribution of some infectious diseases vectors; imbalance ecological conditions thus impacting human health e.g. increased mosquito borne diseases like Dengue Fever or Chikungunya Transmission, due to ecological alterations resulting from temperature and precipitations changes. The survival, biting frequency and growth rate of Dengue virus carrying mosquitoes, Aedesaegypti and Aedesalbpictus are affected by climate and weather patterns which in turn affects the risk of human infection. Alter the seasonal distribution of some allergenic pollen species; another example of climate affecting health indirectly relates to warming temperatures and increased CO2 concentration, thereby increasing pollen production in rag weed, the elevated pollen concentration increases the risk of exposures and subsequent onset of allergic respiratory illness. Increased heat wave related deaths; climate related exposures affects human health are complex; changes in hazardous have direct health impacts e.g. cardiovascular complications during heat waves or road fatalities during extreme weather. Projected trends in climate-change-related exposures of importance to human health will: Increase malnutrition and consequent disorders including those relating to child growth and development. Increase the number of people suffering from death, disease and injury from heat waves, floods, storms, fires and droughts. Continue to change the range of some infectious disease vectors have mixed effects on malaria; in some places the geographical range will contract, elsewhere the geographical range will expand and the transmission season may be changed. Increase the burden of diarrheal diseases. Increase cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality associated with ground-level zone. Increase the number of people at risk of dengue. Brings some benefits to health, including fewer deaths from cold, although it is expected that these will be outweighed by the negative effects of rising temperatures worldwide, especially in developing countries. So it is highly confidence as proven that climate change affects health and concurrent direct acting and modifying influences of environmental, social and health system factors.

Climate Change Impact on Human Health in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh Md. Nasir Uddin, Research Assistant, IWFM, BUET. Rafiqul Islam, PhD Researcher, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP). Dr. A M Zakir Hussain, Former Director, Primary Health Care & Disease Control, Govt. of Bangladesh. Md. Khaled Hossain. Abstract: Bangladesh is exposed to a number of climate change induced extreme events including heat stress, erratic rainfall variations, prolonged droughts, cyclone and storm surges, floods, saline water intrusion and sea level rise. The coastal areas of Bangladesh are more vulnerable geographical area due to frequently occurring different types of natural hazards as a result of rising sea surface temperatures that would also increase the future health risk considering these extreme climates. More than 30% of total country population lives in the coastal areas of Bangladesh and most of the coastal towns and cities are situated on the riverbanks of low-lying tidal zones. The impacts of climate change therefore are likely to be heavy on coastal population health and their livelihood that will be caused by air pollution, contamination of water and imbalance in earth‟s ecological system. The aim of the present study is to investigate the probable climate change impact on human health and socio economic condition in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The data of demographic and health drivers has been retrieved from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). The extreme climate indicators data has been collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) and other secondary sources, including published reports and journals. It has been found that a number of human diseases are sensitive to climate change, notably to temperature and precipitation changes. Extreme temperatures will have adverse effects on food security directly and through reduction in water availability. Humidity, rainfall and temperature changes will also influence the spread of disease vectors and the relevant diseases consequently. It has also been identified that diarrhea, skin diseases, dengue fever, hepatitis and other infectious and vector-borne diseases have shown increased incidence after natural disasters, on the top increase mediated by climate variation itself. In this study, the spatial distributions of population density and poverty level map have been prepared for 19 coastal districts in Bangladesh. The risk of injury and health was also noted to increase during and in post disaster periods. The study found that very young, elderly and women are most vulnerable groups facing serious health problems. The present study has found the following districts: Satkhira, Patuakhali, Barguna, Pirojpur, Bagerhut, Khulna, and Barishalto be particularly at a higher level of vulnerability, due to extreme climate events. The findings of the present study may be useful in future for developing pre, during and post disaster management plan and policy in a country like Bangladesh. SESSION – 14: ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY AND EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS

Sustainable Development Goals and the Environment: The Existing Legal Framework and the Way Forward Mr. Quazi Omar Foysal, Lecturer in Law, East West University, Bangladesh. Abstract: Sustainability is a word which stands between the development and environment. Thus, environmental sustainability has becoming a buzzword not only in the developing world but also in the developed world. In the Millennium Development Goal agenda, the environmental sustainability was in the list 7. But newly adopted Sustainable Development Goals agenda, most of the agendas are more or less linked with development with sustainability. Thus many laws and policies are required to be in the line with Sustainable Development Goals. On the other hand, the laws relating to the environment protection and environmental sustainability have been enacted or modified in the last three decades keeping the pace with demand in international arena. Despite these enormous laws, the realization of the sustainable development is yet in question. In the following background, the researcher aims at scrutinizing the existing legal framework to confront the environmental elements of Sustainable Development in Bangladesh. In conducting the research, he will rely on secondary data from different statutory and case laws and other sources. The research will be qualitative in nature. The researcher will be limited to the environmental sustainability as envisaged in Sustainable Development Goal agenda and sub-agenda. The end of this research is to find out the link between sustainable development as in SDGs and the existing legal framework and with the same time shorting out the probable recommendations to harmonize and/or supplementing the same. Adapting Cities for Climate Change: An Assessment of Green Roof Technology Jaher Wasim, Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka.

AKM Hasan Julkernine, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka. Abstract: Green roofs technology is getting popularity globally that has the potential to help mitigate the multifaceted, complex environmental problems of urban centres. Due to altered energy exchange creating an urban heat island, and changes to hydrology. Climate change will amplify these distinctive features. In this study, DOE-2 energy simulation program was used to determine the effects of rooftop garden on the annual energy consumption, heating, cooling load and roof thermal transfer value of a ten story residential building in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The thermal resistances (R-values) of shrubs, turfing and trees were estimated using data from site measurements, and the effects on the building energy consumption of a rooftop garden with these three types of plants were simulated. Three soil types with different soil thickness on the building roof were also simulated. The results showed that the installation of rooftop garden on the ten story residential building can result in an average saving of 2% to 8% of total amount of energy used annually. Simulation output also revealed that the increase of soil thickness would further reduce the building energy consumption. In this paper, the implications for an adaptation strategy like green roofs to climate change in the urban environment are also discussed. Impact of Ecotourism on the Environment, Society and Culture of Ratargul Swamp Forest in Sylhet, Bangladesh Kazi Moriom Jahan, Student, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Halima Akhter, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Abstract: Ecotourism is considered as a form of tourism that is non-degradable, non-hazardous, which helps protecting the environment by choosing a proper and fair administrative procedure that also has the capability to ensure economic and social benefits to the whole society. Ratargul Swamp Forest is a freshwater swamp forest located in Gowainghat, Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is the only swamp forest located in Bangladesh and one of the few freshwater swamp forests in the world. Recently, it has become one of the most attractive sites of ecotourism which is significantly enriching our economy. This research has been done in 2014 to know the patterns of ecotourism in Ratargul and the impact of it on the economy, culture and the environment of local people. Data has been collected from the local people of the swamp forest area and the respondent sample size was 100 which were selected by stratified random sampling on the basis of education and profession. Methods used in the study were semi-structured interview, case study, and structured observation. Observed evidence shows that foremost influence of ecotourism fall on economic aspect and environmental knowledge. Income level of 80% people has been increased after establishing ecotourism and 57% people are now changed their traditional occupation. Local people are now more aware about environmental conservation. They take part in forest conservation, bio-diversity conservation and forest cleaning. They are knowledgeable about sustainable use of forest resources from many sources. But on the other hand, the floating plastic bottles and polythene packets in the swamp area signify that tourist awareness is needed more and forest preservation laws are to be strictly maintained. Otherwise, unplanned and unmanaged tourism may disrupt the life cycles of many aquatic biota that thrive there. Many tourists carry bottled water or juice, potato chips and other food stuffs while travelling the area and finally discard the resulting waste recklessly in the forest despite the use of warning signs by the forest department and other concerned authorities. In addition, over crowd of the tourist is hampering the forest environment which is decreasing the number of trees and animals. Sometimes, tourists are seen to ride on the trees, shouting, gossiping loudly, and playing music and so on. Besides, forest office has established watchtower inside the swamp forest. And many of these activities are responsible to reduce the number of trees, birds and animals there. More use of engine boats to carry the tourists in an undefined and multiple ways inside and around the forest also creating noise and polluting air and water there which are disturbing the life styles of the habitats inside the swamp forest to be settled like previous stable and natural environment. To save this swamp environment, government and forest department should make and implement some management policies which should be maintained strictly considering the opinion of the local people. Rituals for Relief from Adverse Effects of Environment: A Symbolic Interpretative Study on Rituals Performed in Das Para, Hatiya. Fazle Sharior and Israt Jahan Lipa, Student, Department of Anthropology, Comilla University, Bangladesh.

Abstract: Rituals are a significant part of our society and the way we live our lives. Rituals are also a main aspect of religion, and studying the differences among cultures helps us gain a greater understanding of how rituals influence people‟s lives. This article centered on rituals devoted to weather, presents a unique perspective that describes the important social rituals based on weather devotion practice that take place in Hindu community situates in Das Para, Hatiya, Bangladesh. Aiming at the fact that rituals of a community are more prone to be reshaped depending on the availability of sacred materials and the situation which permit the process of practices, this study was conducted. Throughout this symbolic interpretative study, it is documented how beliefs and practices are directly related to the rituals and actions that are associated with them. Having this essence, primary focus of this study was to describe rituals performed on the issue of climate change among Hindu community of Hatiya. Maintaining qualitative strategies of anthropological research, this study presents a relationship between the behaviors of ritual and devotion to nature. From this study it was explored that many rituals are performed in name of weather often have sacred items that provide individuals with a significant meaning or set of specific beliefs, which connect them to their struggle to cope with adverse weather realities. According to informants they perform rituals to demonstrate their values and beliefs, to pray, and many times to reinforce unity within their group to adapt with natural calamities and to save their community from natural disaster. However, the largest fest concerning climate change we have found is „Ganga Puja‟. Other rituals are known as „Jogoddharthi Puja‟ which is a prayer towards soil, and „Shurjo Puja‟ which is a prayer towards sun, celebrated on „Ograyhon‟. The one is „Monsha Puja‟ through which community people say their prayer to Almighty to save themselves from snakes. Especially it was explored that the people who go for grabbing crab near the forest region of Hatiya, intensively perform this as they feel that they remain in much risk to be attacked by snakes for their occupation. Interestingly, this study demonstrates an inner belief of the people of studied community who possesses a strong feeling that it is ritual that has kept them in this place full of natural disasters so long, and without this regular practice, they would not have the security or solidarity needed to survive. Finally, it can be asserted that a changing climate is one of the many drivers of social change affecting cultures and their interactions with their environment.