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International Conference on Higher Education and Economic
Development
3-5 September 2012
Prof Yashwant Ramma – Mauritius Institute of Education
Ajit Gopee – University of Technology, Mauritius
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology –
bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary
levels of education
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
Pre-Conception
Dynamic knowledge
New sets of ski l ls
Values ( including ethics)
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
Aims
To situate whether there is a gap between secondary and tert iary levels of education
How it impacts upon creativity and innovativeness at tert iary level
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
Theoret ica l F ramework
C r e a t i o n o f k n o w l e d g e h a s a d i r e c t i m p a c t o n s o c i e t y ( M e e k e t a l . , 2 0 0 9 )
V i s i o n a r i e s a r e c r e a t i v e p e o p l e w h o m a ke t h i n g s o u t o f n o t h i n g ( H a n d y , 1 9 9 9 )
T h e d e v e l o p m e nt o f c r e a t i v i t y n e e d s a s o c i a l d i m e n s i o n a s w e l l a s a c o ntex t u a l p e r s p e c t i v e ( C s i k s z e n t m i h a l y i , 1 9 8 8 ; D e B o n o , 1 9 8 3 )
C o l l e g e ( P a r m e s s u r e t a l . , 2 0 0 3 ) & u n i v e r s i t y ( C a r r e , 1 9 8 1 )
s t u d e nt s a r e s t i l l r e s o r t i n g to r o te m e m o r i z -a t i o n to l e a r n c o n c e p t s
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Study
The Part ic ipants (27)
U n i v e r s i t y s t u d e n t s
Tr a i n e e Te a c h e r s
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Study
Surveys
Q u e s t i o n n a i r e s
P e r s o n a l b a c k g r o u n d
C o u n s e l i n g f a c i l i t i e s
A p p r e c i a t i o n o f t h e f a c u l t y
C h o i c e o f s u b j e c t r e l a t e d t o s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y
U n d e r s t a n d i n g o f c r i t i c a l m i n d
M o t i v a t i o n t o p u r s u e f u r t h e r s t u d i e s
W e a k n e s s e s o f t h e p r e s e n t e d u c a t i o n a l s y s t e m
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Study
Semi-Structured Interviews
6 u n i v e r s i t y s t u d e n t s
1 0 t r a i n e e t e a c h e r s
Tr i a n g u l a t i o n o f d a ta to va l i d a te t h e r e s u l t s
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
Distribution of students from two universities
52.94
11.76
5.88
11.76
11.76
5.88
Field of study (%)
IT and related Food science and related Mathematics and related
Biology and related Natural Sciences and related Electronics Engineering and related
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Findings
Assessment categories %
Counselling facilities 64.7
Appreciation for the faculty 87.0
Choice of subject related to Science/Technology 50.0
Development of a critical mind 95.0
Motivation to pursue further studies 82.0
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Findings
• No interest from students to benefit from such facility
• Teachers are preoccupied with their teaching and ‘lesson plans’
Counselling facilities 64.7 %
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Findings
• A good lecturer is one who ‘spoon feed’ students
• Help from laboratory technicians are sought during project work (on academic issues)
• Teachers (secondary) claim time to be the predetermining factor for adopting the traditional approach
Appreciation for the faculty 87.0 %
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Findings
• Half of the respondents claimed that they opted for their 2nd
or 3rd choice
• Choice of subjects act as a demotivating factor
• The need to relate the programme with demands from the job market – partnership between public and private sectors
Choice of subject related to Science/ Technology 50.0 %
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Findings
• Participants confirmed they have developed a critical mind
• Interview demonstrated ‘critical mind’ is strongly associated to grades rather than to a way of thinking – a shift in mindsets
• Students would refrain from having group discussion for fear ideas would be picked up by the group
• Learning of concepts/procedures by rote
• Extra-curricular activities to form part of academic programmes
Development of a critical mind 95.0 %
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
The Findings
• Not prepared to face the change from secondary to tertiary
• Critical mind posed a serious problem
• Fully motivated (intrinsic); extrinsic motivation almost inexistent
• Limited job prospect is the determining factor to pursue higher studies
Motivation to pursue further studies 82.0 %
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
Limitations
• 3 institutions only
• Small sample of students
• Group interview
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
Concluding Remark
• Review of the whole education system – integration of critical
thinking in every aspect of the curriculum/modules to rise up to the
challenges of globalisation
• Bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary education
• Linking the tertiary with the job market
• Creativity and innovation should be the norm – paradigm shift from
consumers to producers of knowledge
Creativity and Innovation in Science and Technology – bridging the gap between secondary and tertiary levels of education
Thank You