INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING &

MATHEMATICS (ICSTEM2021)

in conjunction with

9th

INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE

CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE &

MATHEMATICS 2021 (IPCSM2021)

7TH AUGUST 2021

VIRTUAL PRESENTATION

‘EMPOWERING AND

TRANSFORMING INNOVATION’

https://ipcsm2021.upsi.edu.my/

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Foreword by the Vice Chancellor, UPSI Welcoming Message by Dean, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, UPSI Welcoming Address by Chairperson ICSTEM2021 & IPCSM2021 Organizing Committee

Programme Tentative Keynote Abstract 1 Keynote Abstract 2 Keynote Abstract 3 Keynote Abstract 4 Keynote Abstract 5 Parallel Sessions Abstracts

Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics Science Biology Education Chemistry Education Mathematics Education Physics Education Science Education STEM

Sponsors

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Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera. Alhamdulillah, we have been granted the opportunity to organize the International Conference on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics 2021 (ICSTEM 2021) in conjunction with 9th International Postgraduate Conference on Science and Mathematics 2021 (IPCSM 2021). The aim of this conference is to provide a platform for delegates to exchange novel ideas and establish mutual cooperation in research and innovation. At this juncture, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all delegates attending the ICSTEM 2021 in conjunction with 9th IPCSM 2021. I strongly believe that delegates will take this opportunity to share knowledge in interweaving education with science and mathematics. I would like to extend our gratitude to our collaborators, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia and Padang State University (UNP). Thank you for your willingness to collaborate and making this conference success. I would also like to extend our gratitude to our sponsors, Dwicitra Resources, Perkin Elmer, Perniagaan Deanso and KLG System. Thank you for your most generous contribution and we look forward to a prosperous future together. With a central theme of “Empowering and Transforming Innovation”, this conference signifies the role of researchers and students from various institutions in promoting their findings and innovations to the international level. In addition, the diverse range of topics that will be presented today may provide a good platform for participants to enhance the culture of research and knowledge interchange. Along the way to pursuit UPSI's aspiration as the UPSI No. 1 Education University, I really hope that all participants are able to explore new knowledge throughout the conference. Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and thanks to all the organizing committees of the Faculty of Science and Mathematics for the efforts in making this conference a success. May this conference be the door to inspire and explore new frontiers of knowledge in the future. Thank you. YBhg. Prof. Dato’ Dr. Md. Amin Md. Taff Vice Chancellor Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

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Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera. On behalf of the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, UPSI, I would like to extend our warmest welcome to all honoured participants and distinguished delegates to ICSTEM 2021 in conjunction with 9th IPCSM 2021. This annual event organized by FSM aims to build a network of relationships between researchers as well as postgraduate students in Malaysia and abroad in the field of Science and Mathematics and education. This virtual platform provides space for postgraduate students as well as researchers and educators to present their findings and expose to the latest ideas and innovation in Science and Mathematics and education. In addition, the diverse range of topics discussed during the conference will provide a good platform to practice high-level professionalism, enhance the culture of research and knowledge interchange among delegates. With the theme of Empowering and Transforming Innovation, we hope that our mission as a platform for researchers to exchange ideas and create networking opportunities in the areas of science, mathematics, technology and education will be successful and achieve its outcomes. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to organizing committees that have contributed in making ICSTEM 2021 in conjunction with 9th IPCSM 2021 a reality. I am optimistic that this conference will be of great benefit to the participants. Thank you. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah Dean Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

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Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera. Alhamdulillah praise be to Allah for His generous favours and blessings to us all. On behalf of the organizing committee, it is my pleasure to welcome all collaborators, sponsors, speakers and participants to the International Conference on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics 2021 (ICSTEM 2021) in conjunction with 9th International Postgraduate Conference on Science and Mathematics 2021 (IPCSM 2021). The ICSTEM 2021 in conjunction with 9th IPCSM 2021 highlights the efforts by the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, UPSI to promote innovative research activities and inculcate the culture of scientific publication particularly among the researchers, academicians and postgraduate students. Through this conference, current discoveries in science, mathematics and education are gathered, addressed and integrated to empower innovative and creative minds among the delegates. This conference is honoured with five prominent keynote speakers in the area of solar cell, biodiesel, nanomaterial, photocatalysis and STEM education. We have received more than 50 scientific papers to be presented by local and international presenters. The papers are divided into eleven sub-themes covering various issues in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Science, Mathematics and Education. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all parties who are involved in making this event a great success. I wish everyone a rewarding time and a fruitful engagement during the conference. “EMPOWERING AND TRANSFORMING INNOVATION” Selamat Datang! Welcome! Thank you.

Dr. Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi W. Salleh Chairperson ICSTEM2021 & IPCSM2021 Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

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Patron YBhg. Prof. Dato’ Dr. Md. Amin Md. Taff Vice Chancellor

Advisors

Profesor Dr. Marzita Puteh Deputy Vice Chancellor of Academic & International

Profesor Ts. Dr. Suriani Abu Bakar Deputy Vice Chancellor of Research & Innovation

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah Dean

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Faridah Lisa Supian Deputy Dean of Academic & International Affairs

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rohaidah Masri Deputy Dean of Research & Innovation

Dr. Yusnita Juahir Head of Chemistry Department

Dr. Alene Tawang Head of Biology Department

Dr. Izan Roshawaty Mustapa Head of Physics Department

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Azah Samot @ Samat Head of Mathematics Department (Acting)

Chairperson Dr. Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi W. Salleh

Vice Chairperson Dr. Mohamad Saufi Rosmi

Secretary I Dr. Lee Tien Tien

Secretary II Dr. Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid

Treasurer I Dr. Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim

Treasurer II Dr. Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad

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Committee Members

Publicity & Documentation

Dr. Suzaliza Mustafar (Leader) Dr. Lilia Ellany Mohtar Dr. Zamzana Zamzamir @ Zamzamin Dr. Hafizul Fahri bin Hanafi Mr. Ibrahim Saidin Mr. Mohd Hashimi Ma’ani Dr. Isti Yunita (State University of Yogyakarta) Dr. Fitri Amelia (Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia)

Programme

Dr. Yuhanis Mhd Bakri (Leader) Dr. Mazlina Musa Dr. Rawdah Adawiyah Dr. Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin

Invitations & Protocols

Dr. Aisyah Mohamad Sharif (Leader) Mrs. Rozita Yahaya Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid Dr. Nor Zila Abd Hamid Dr. Nurul Akmal Mohamed Mrs. Marini Masdar Mr. Iskandar Zulkarnain Mohamed Ridzuan

Sponsorship

Dr. Maizatul Najwa Jajuli (Leader) Prof. Dr. Illyas Md Isa Prof. Dr. Ismail Zainol Prof. Dr. Azlan Kamari Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Azlan Nafiah Dr. Nor Hafizah Md Husin Mrs. Norasmeda Amri Mr. Ahmad Supian Abdullah

Registration, Certificates & Gifts

Dr. Mohd Mokhzani Ibrahim (Leader) Dr. Noorshida Mohd Ali Dr. Suzita Ramli Dr. Nurul Hila Zainuddin Ms. Siti Noor Farina Mohd Fuad Ooi Mrs. Johana Jumiran Nur Fitriyana (State University of Yogyakarta)

Programme Book & Abstracts

Dr. Wan Haslinda Wan Ahmad (Leader) Dr. Norlinda Daud Dr. Hamidah Idris Dr. Rosazley Ramly Dr. Siti Nursaila Alias Dr. Nur Hamiza Adenan Dr. Nor Suriya Abd Karim

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Judging

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz (Leader) Dr. Hafsah Taha Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aqil Aryan Wong Mrs. Mazlina Mat Darus Mrs. Noorazrin Abdul Rajak Prof. Dr. Endang W.L.X (State University of Yogyakarta) Dr. Budhi Oktavia (Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia)

Technical & Venue Preparation

Dr. Mohamad Idris Saidin (Leader) Dr. Muhd Ibrahim Muhamad Damanhuri Dr. Noor Wahida Md. Junus Mr. Mohd Zurin Mahmood Mr. Muhammad Hazim Baharudin Mr. Ahmad Isa Hamizi Mr. Mohd Akmal Farhan Rashid Mr. Mohamad Fairuz Misdi Mr. Ts. Jamal Abdul Nasir Baharuddin

Food, Safety, Emergency & Hygiene

Dr. Siti Munirah Sidik (Leader) Mrs. Aryani Adnan Mrs. Radiah Idris

Publication

Dr. Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif (Leader) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norhayati Hashim Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azmi Mohamed Dr. Norlaili Abu Bakar Dr. Wan Rusmawati Wan Mahamod Dr. Sivaranjan Kuppan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rohaidah Masri Assoc. Prof. Dr. Som Cit Si Nang Dr. Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin Dr. Nurul Syafiqah Yap Abdullah Dr. Afiq Radzwan Dr. Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad Metridewi Pimastuti (State University of Yogyakarta) Guspatni (Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia)

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7th of August 2021 (SATURDAY)

https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/4d81805d866e4d509b753881a209ab96 Password : Ipcsm2021

08:00 -

08:30 Online Registration and Arrival of Participants

08:30 -

09:30

Opening Ceremony

08:30 Negaraku and Ibu Kandung Suluh Budiman

08:40 Welcoming remarks and Doa

08:45 ICSTEM & IPCSM2021 Chairperson address

09:00 Dean address

09:15 VC/DVC opening address

09:30 -

10:00

Keynote Lecture 1 Insect Larvae as a Potential Sustainable Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

Prof. Dr. Azlan Kamari, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Chairperson: Dr. Noorshida Mohd Ali

10:00 -

10:30

Keynote Lecture 2 Microstructure of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Synthesized using Ostwald

Ripening for Perovskite Solar Cells Application Prof. Dr. Jaslin Ikhsan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Chairperson: Dr. Mohamad Saufi Rosmi

10:30 -

11:00

Keynote Lecture 3 Implementation of Integrated STEM Education: Sharing of a Research-Based,

Research-Validated Pedagogical Approach Prof. Dr. Ong Eng Tek, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Chairperson: Dr. Lee Tien Tien

11:00 -

13:00 Parallel Session 1

13:00 -

14:30 Lunch Break

14:30 -

15:00

Keynote Lecture 4 Visible-Light-Induced Novel C-N, C-S and C-O Bond Formations under Mild

Reaction Conditions Dr. Ramasamy Anandhan, University of Madras

Chairperson: Dr. Yuhanis Mhd. Bakri

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15:00 -

15:30

Keynote Lecture 5 Study of Copper Oxide as Active Material for In-Activation of Sars-Cov-2

Variant Spike Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rahadian Zainul, Universitas Negeri Padang

Chairperson: Dr. Siti Munirah Sidik

15:30 -

16:45 Parallel Session 2

17:15 -

17:30 Closing Ceremony and Best Presenter Announcement

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PARALLEL SESSION 1

Room 1 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/92a91f3edf5d44398ffa0341e7f87747

Password : Room1 Chair : Dr. Mazlina Musa

11:00 -

11:15 C0004

Enhancement of Antimicrobe Activity and Degradability of Pickle Skin by Modification with Nanoparticle Produced by using Red Algae (Gracilaria sp.)

Prof. Dr. Eli Rohaeti

11:15 -

11:30 C0084

Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes and Antibacterial Activity of Graphene Oxide Supported Mono and Bimetallic Nanocomposites

Dr. Kuppan Sivaranjan

11:30 -

11:45 C0008

Preparation of Zirconia-Nickel Doped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle and Its Application as a Dopamine Sensor

Mr. Mohamad Rafizie Aiman Mohamed Roduan

11:45 -

12:00 C0053

Alkaloids from Alphonsea sp. and Their In Silico Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities

Mr. M Nur Sidik

12:00 -

12:15 C0019

Synthesis of Novel Dithiol-Functionalised -Al2O3 Nanocomposite for Effective Mercury Adsorbent in Industrial Effluent

Ms. Nur Iraizzati Shaifudin

12:15 -

12:30 C0020

Visible-Light-Induced Aerobic C-H Oxidation of Propargylamine to Synthesis of Substituted 2-ynamide and Oxazolo[2,3-A]isoquinolinones

Mr. Mandapati Bhargava Reddy

12:30 -

12:45 C0090

Visible Light Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Primary Alcohols with o-Aminobenzamides and o-Aminobenzenesulfonamides by Selectfluor

Mr. Kesavan Prasanth

12:45 -

13:00 C0100

Improvement of Titania-Based Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater

Ms. Nurul Adilah Mohd Noor

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PARALLEL SESSION 1

Room 2 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/6fb5e188cfab47c3978526bc1d32a5aa

Password : Room2 Chair : Dr. Lilia Ellany Mohtar

11:00 -

11:15 SE0095

The Level of Knowledge and Perception of Secondary School Students on i-Think in Merlimau District Malacca

Mr. Muhammad Hafizzi Saiman

11:15 -

11:30 SE0045

Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri WAO bagi Topik Penyerapan Sains Tahun Satu

Ms. Nur Raihana Mohd Razak

11:30 -

11:45 SE0046

Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri Berasaskan Projek bagi Topik Keseimbangan Ekosistem untuk Sains Tahun Satu

Ms. Nurul Hazwani Ariffin

11:45 -

12:00 ST0009

Hubungan Kompetensi Guru Tadika Swasta dengan Pelaksanaan Pendidikan STEM di Daerah Hulu Langat

Mrs. Nurul Hasni Sukri

12:00 -

12:15 PE0034

Development of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Instrument: A Systematic Review

Mrs. Alysuliana Alias

12:15 -

12:30 PE0102

A Need Analysis for the Development of Physics Game-Based Interactive Module Among Matriculation Programme Students

Mrs. Nurul Ain Malek

12:30 -

12:45 PE0015

The Development and Usability of Android Application for Register Terms on Malay – English for KSSM Physics

Mr. Muhamad Zulhelmi Othman

12:45 -

13:00 PE0023

Contribution of Scientific Creativity and Affective Factors towards Students’ Physics Achievement: A Structural Equation Model Analysis

Dr. Lilia Ellany Mohtar

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PARALLEL SESSION 1

Room 3 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/4893473923114f03bb13168aa2910f3a

Password : Room3 Chair : Dr. Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin

11:00 -

11:15 B0016

Entamoeba Genus Infection: Current Prevalence and Risk Factors among Orang Asli Schoolchildren in Perak, Malaysia

Ms. Nur Insyirah Tokijoh

11:15 -

11:30 B0078

Histological Effect of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Several Organs in ICR Mice

Mr. Azam Muzafar Ahmad Mokhtar

11:30 -

11:45 B0058

Plant Diversity along a Standardized Urbanization Gradient in an Expanding City of Ipoh, Perak (Providing Human Needs vs Protecting Nature)

Ms. Balqis Aqila Alue

11:45 -

12:00 S0051

Agarwood Production of Aquilaria malaccensis using Various Inoculants and Techniques

Mr. Mohd Zamakhsyary Mustapa

12:00 -

12:15 BE0076

Development of ARcell Apps for The Topic of the Structure of Cells and Organelles

Mrs. Rohani Hashim

12:15 -

12:30 BE0107

Evaluation of a Higher Order Thinking Skills Test for the Topic of Cell Division and Subtopic of Gametogenesis (UKBATG)

Mrs. Wan Nasriha Wan Mohamed Salleh

12:30 -

12:45 BE0068

Kertas Konsep Pembangunan Permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’ bagi Subtopik Pencernaan dalam Matapelajaran Biologi Tingkatan 4

Ms. Nurul Hanim Mustafa

12:45 -

13:00 B0057

Review of Molecular Analysis of Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila and Orthosiphon stamineus using ITS2-RFLP Markers for Rapid Identification

of the Herbal Substance in Medicinal Tea Product Dr. Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin

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PARALLEL SESSION 1

Room 4 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/c6620837c03d4ab2b4f2c635f4c24978

Password : Room4 Chair : Dr. Rawdah Adawiyah Tarmizi

11:00 -

11:15 M0028

Analysis of Area Under a Curve (AUC) using C-Programming: Trapezium and Simpson Rules Techniques

Assoc. Prof. Abu Bakar Ibrahim

11:15 -

11:30 ME0059

Teachers’s Practices in Teaching and Learning Algebraic Problem Solving Mrs. Marsilah Anum Marham

11:30 -

11:45 M0039

Regionalization of Rainfall Regimes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis

Mr. Muhamad Afdal Ahmad Basri

11:45 -

12:00 M0070

Unicyclic Graphs with Maximum Randić Indices Dr. Nor Hafizah Md Husin

12:00 -

12:15 ME0065

Development of a Platform for STEM Teaching and Learning Resource Materials in the Field of Discrete Mathematics

Mrs. Suhaida Shahar Zaman

12:15 -

12:30 ME0003

Integration of Video Screencast and Sketchup Make (VTS-SUM) to Enhance Students’ Visual Spatial Skills

Dr. Faridah Hanim Yahya

12:30 -

12:45 ME0092

Kepuasan dan Kesedaran Pembelajaran Pelajar Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Matematik dalam Pembelajaran Atas Talian pada Tempoh

Pandemik Covid-19 Ms. Izzah Athirah Samsul Kamar

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PARALLEL SESSION 1

Room 5 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/205e20c9994e408196cbe87c0488b071

Password : Room5 Chair : Dr. Nor Zila Abd. Hamid

11:00 -

11:15 CE0081

Pembinaan dan Kesan Modul K5FN bagi Topik Kadar Tindak Balas terhadap Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Di Palembang

Dr. Made Sukaryawan

11:15 -

11:30 CE0002

Enhancing Self-Directed Learning Skills via Blended Problem-Based Learning in Chemistry Learning Dr. Mohd Mokhzani Ibrahim

11:30 -

11:45 CE0011

Do Chemistry Teachers Need Flipped Classroom Learning Kit? Mrs. Nurul Ain Ashikin Halin

11:45 -

12:00 CE0037

Development and Usability of Acid-Base E-Flashcard (ABeF) from the Perspective of Student Teachers

Dr. Tien Tien Lee

12:00 -

12:15 CE0047

The Development of Chemistry Matriculation Module: Need Analysis Mrs. Nor Syatilla Haerany Abd Ghani

12:15 -

12:30 CE0061

Pembangunan Permainan ‘Journey to the Unexpected’ Bagi Kursus Kimia Alam Sekitar

Ms. Leily Dayana Zohar Raden Rasol

12:30 -

12:45 ST0080

A Green Electrochemistry Experimental Kit: Student’s Achievements on Lectrofun 2.0

Dr. Aisyah Mohamad Sharif

17

PARALLEL SESSION 1

Room 6 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/b88706141700418a9e9692411f417dc9

Password : Room6 Chair : Dr. Yuhanis Mhd. Bakri

11:00 -

11:15 C0031

Phytochemical Investigation and Antibacterial Activity of Cardaria draba against Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Assoc. Prof. Salam Ahmed Abed

11:15 -

11:30 C0038

Insightful Discussion of Copper (I) Complexes as Promising Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dr. Suzaliza Mustafar

11:30 -

11:45 C0027

Fabrication and Characterisation of Azobenzene-Linked Porpyrin Molecular Wires for Light Harvesting System

Dr. Suzaliza Mustafar

11:45 -

12:00 C0029

Phytochemical Constituents of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaf Extract and

Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity against LPS/IFN- Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Mrs. Manar A. Eissa

12:00 -

12:15 C0087

Influence of CB on Rheological Properties of V-L of T80:B30/H2O/VCO System Ms. Nor Ain Mohamed Arifin

12:15 -

12:30 C0077

UV- Curing of Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Potential Recognition System of Hydroquinone

Ms. Norlin Suhaiza Musali

12:30 -

12:45 C0040

Facile Synthesis of Graphene in Alkaline Aqueous Solution Dr. Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid

12:45 -

13:00 C0085

Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Lamellar Liquid Crystals of Tween 65/H2O/VCO System: Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties

Ms. Norzakiatul Husna Isnolamran

18

PARALLEL SESSION 2

Room 1 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/92a91f3edf5d44398ffa0341e7f87747

Password : Room1 Chair : Dr. Maizatul Najwa Jajuli

15:30 -

15:45 C0056

Synthesis and Characterization of Chromone-Based Ligand and Its Fluorescent Property Towards Pb2+/Hg2+ Ion

Dr. Yusnita Juahir

15:45 -

16:00 C0055

Phosphorescent Cyclometallated 1,2,4-Triazolepyridyl-Based Iridium(III) Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photophysical Studies

Ms. Nurul Husna As Saedah Bain

16:00 -

16:15 C0093

Visible-Light-Induced Metal-Free Synthesis of Amides from N,N-dibenzylanilnes using Organic Dye as Photocatalyst

Mr. Nalladhambi Neerathilingam

16:15 -

16:30 C0033

Essential Oils Composition and Biological Properties of the Genus Syzygium – A Review

Ms. Nur Hazwanie Abdul Kadir

16:30 -

16:45 C0062

Electrochemically Modulated Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Enrichment Dr. Maizatul Najwa Jajuli

19

PARALLEL SESSION 2

Room 2 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/6fb5e188cfab47c3978526bc1d32a5aa

Password : Room2 Chair : Dr. Afiq Radzwan

15:30 -

15:45 P0012

Power Limit for a Stable Optical Trapping of a Single Microcluster of Calix[4]Arene Trapping in Water

Ms. Nur Izzati Mahadi

15:45 -

16:00 P0014

Optical Stiffness of an Optical Trapped 4-Cyano-4’- Pentylbiphenyl (5CB) in the Form of Microdroplet in Water

Mr. Muhamad Safuan Mat Yeng @ Mat Zin

16:00 -

16:15 P0042

Design of Magneto Rheological Suspension of C-Class Car Segment using for Bouc Wen Model for Education

Dr. Mohamad Amiruddin Ismail

16:15 -

16:30 P0044

Magneto Rheological Suspension Control using Matlab and Arduino PID Controller for the Formula Malaysia Education Competition (Formula MEC)

Dr. Mohamad Amiruddin Ismail

16:30 -

16:45 P0066

Transmitting Performance Simulation of Piezoelectric Transducer for Underwater Application

Ms. Siti Azizah Muhamad Lotfi

20

PARALLEL SESSION 2

Room 3 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/4893473923114f03bb13168aa2910f3a

Password : Room3 Chair : Dr. Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Kassim

15:30 -

15:45 ST0043

Effects of Polya Model Adaptation in the Teaching and Learning of Programming Algorithms on Student Achievement in Matriculation College

Dr. Jamilah Hamid

15:45 -

16:00 ST0083

Hello-Microbes: COVID-19 vs Soap Program in Enhancing Preschool Children Awareness on COVID-19

Dr. Hamidah Idris

16:00 -

16:15 ST0030

A Systematic Literature Review with Bibliometric Meta-Analysis of Ai Technology Adoption in Education

Mr. Maran Chanthiran

16:15 -

16:30 ST0109

Exploring Science Teachers’ Instructional Practices: A Need Analysis for Scientist Teacher-Student Partnership (STSP) in Integrated STEM

Mr. Mohamad Hisyam Ismail

21

PARALLEL SESSION 2

Room 4 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/c6620837c03d4ab2b4f2c635f4c24978

Password : Room4 Chair : Dr. Nor Suriya Abd. Karim

15:30 -

15:45 ME0086

Analisis Keperluan Pembangunan Modul Latihan Berasaskan Permainan bagi Topik Geometri Tingkatan Satu

Mr. Mohamad Aidie Ikhwan Mohammad

15:45 -

16:00 ME0075

Kajian Meta-Analisis: Penerapan Elemen Membina Hubungan dalam Pendidikan Matematik

Mr. Mohamad Nurizwan Jumiran

16:00 -

16:15 ME0060

The Need and Effectiveness of Form Two Algebraic Expression Training Module Mr. Foo Jing Yao

16:15 -

16:30 ME0071

Analysis of the Relationship Between the Psychosocial Learning Environment and Learning Styles to the Achievement of

Form Four Additional Mathematics Mrs. Nur Haslisa Isa

22

PARALLEL SESSION 2

Room 5 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/205e20c9994e408196cbe87c0488b071

Password : Room5 Chair : Dr. Adibah Abu Bakar

15:30 -

15:45 CE0079

A Need Analysis for Developing MY CHEMISALT for Preparation of Three Type of Salts’ Topic in Form Four Chemistry KSSM

Mrs. Marlina Mat Napes

15:45 -

16:00 CE0022

The Effectiveness of Green Chemistry Experiments on Students’ Achievement in Electrochemistry

Mrs. Nur Liyana Zahari

16:00 -

16:15 CE0049

Keberkesanan Amali Kimia Hijau terhadap Pencapaian dan Kesedaran Kelestarian Alam Pelajar Tingkatan 4

Ms. Suhaili Mohd Sarjidi

16:15 -

16:30 SE0041

Keberkesanan Pemikiran Kritis dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT

Ms. Siti Sarah Muhammad Raflee

23

PARALLEL SESSION 2

Room 6 https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/b88706141700418a9e9692411f417dc9

Password : Room6 Chair : Dr. Mohamad Saufi Rosmi

15:30 -

15:45 C0001

Phytochemicals from Beilschmiedia as Lead Compounds for New Drug Discovery

Dr. Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh

15:45 -

16:00 C0032

Essential Oils Composition and Biological Properties of the Genus Magnolia – A Review

Mr. Ahmad Azrul Hakim Yahaya

16:00 -

16:15 C0069

The Potential of Areca catechu as Erectile Dysfunction Cure: A Review Mrs. Norkamilah Mohammed @ Abdullah

16:15 -

16:30 C0048

Polymeric Nanocomposite-Based Herbicide of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Coated-Zinc/Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide-Quinclorac: A

Controlled Release Purpose for Agrochemicals Dr. Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif

16:30 -

16:45 C0103

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes using Electric Arc Furnace Slag as a Source of Catalyst

Dr. Mohamad Saufi Rosmi

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Insect Larvae as a Potential Sustainable Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

Azlan Kamari*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract The energy crisis particularly the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels has significantly affected the global economic development. Biodiesel has been regarded as one of the most promising alternative renewable biofuels. Edible oils have been widely used as feedstocks, however their high cost limits the large-scale production of biodiesel. Therefore, the development of cost effective feedstocks is crucial. In this context, lipid-based biomasses from wastes and by-products have received great attention from scientists and their application as raw materials could reduce the production cost of biodiesel. Due to their high lipid content, several insects such as sorghum bugs (Agonoscelis pubescens), watermelon bugs (Aspongopus viduatus), black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), house fly larvae (Musca domestica L.), oriental latrine fly larvae (Chrysomya megacephala), yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) and darkling beetle larvae (Zophobas morio) have been investigated by a number of researchers for biodiesel production. In many cases, these insect larvae were fed by organic wastes such as kitchen wastes, animal manure, fish offal and rice straw. The crude lipid will be extracted from insect larvae and it will undergo a two-step bioconversion process, namely acid-catalysed esterification and alkaline-catalysed transesterification to produce biodiesel. The feasibility of biodiesel production from insect larvae are dependent upon several aspects such as life cycle and reproductive capacity of insect, and fat content of larvae. The optimisation of experimental parameters for bioconversion process, quality of larval biodiesel, issues and challenges related to larval biodiesel production will also be discussed. Overall, insect larvae have great potential to be used as an environmentally friendly and sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production. Keywords: Insect larvae, feedstock, biodiesel, bioenergy, lipid-based biomasses, organic wastes

25

Microstructure of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Synthesized using Ostwald Ripening for

Perovskite Solar Cells Application

Jaslin Ikhsan*, Cahyorini Kusumawardani and Crys Fajar Partana Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas

Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. *Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells have recently reached high efficiencies, through efforts focused on reducing grain boundaries, by enlarging the size of the crystalline domains that constitute the perovskite films. Here, we demonstrate that smaller crystallites within perovskite films spontaneously coalesce into larger ones through the two –step coating method continued by applying Ostwald ripening. The nucleation and growth mechanisms of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3) was formed by reacting pre-deposited PbI2 thin films with methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution. The resulting perovskite film was then ripened by MAI solution for the second time to rearrange the perovskite crystal structure and optimizing the unformed PbI2 convert to MAPbI3. The different concentrations of MAI solution were applied to study its influence on the structure of resulted perovskite. We propose that the microstructure of the perovskite material is determined by the MAI concentration, while Ostwald ripening dominates the perovskite formation process. As the MAI concentration is increased from 20 to 40 mg/mL, a dense layer is formed at the top of the PbI2 film that hinders the diffusion of MAI and results in incomplete conversion. Further increase of MAI concentration above 40 mg/mL leads to the formation of low-dimensional perovskites which allow the MAI to diffuse throughout the PbI2 layer. The low-dimensional perovskites can be converted into the appropriate structure with applying Ostwald ripening and a moderate heat treatment, enabling the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with a power-conversion of 11.2% and no hysteresis. These results provide important progress towards the understanding of the role of nucleation and microstructure growth-processing in the realization of low cost and highly efficient solar cells Keywords: Perovskite, solar cells, Oswald ripening, CH3NH3PbI3

26

Implementation of Integrated STEM Education: Sharing of a Research-Based, Research

Validated Pedagogical Approach

Ong Eng Tek*

Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract While it has been given a strong emphasis across the globe, what constitutes an Integrated STEM Education is still nebulous and that teachers are not implementing what is expected of them in that they continue to enact and perpetuate the traditional separation or segmentation of disciplinary content learning in schools. Hence, the deficiencies in the teachers’ understanding of, and pedagogical competency in, employing an Integrated STEM Education approach needs to be judiciously addressed. Accordingly, this presentation which aims to circumvent these deficiencies to a certain extent is divided into two segments. Segment 1 invokes the enactment of a research-based and research-validated pedagogical approach to integrating STEM Education. Segment 2 describes the provision of an in-service professional development course for science teachers on integrating STEM Education and subsequently, establishes its effects on their pedagogical knowledge and skills by means of a triangulation mixed-methods design. Keywords: STEM education, pedagogical approach, continued professional development

27

Visible-Light-Induced Novel C-N, C-S and C-O Bond Formations under Mild Reaction

Conditions

R. Anandhan* Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025,

Tamil Nadu, India. *Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

With increasing environmental awareness, one of the most important tasks of organic chemistry is discovering new green approaches for existing conventional methods to avoid usage of carcinogenic chemicals and improve the atom economy. Recently, radical chemistry has begun to play an immense role in the modern synthetic innovation by single-electron redox activities. In this regard, visible light mediated synthesis has experienced renewed interest in the research of chemical science. Photocatalysis promotes complex and challenging bond constructions under mild reaction conditions. Therefore, we wish to present visible light induced C-N, C-S and C-O bond formations under mild reaction conditions, as shown in the below schemes.

Scheme 1: Visible light initiated amino group ortho-directed copper(I)-catalysed aerobic oxidative C(sp)–S coupling reaction. Scheme 2: Visible light induced chemoselective aerobic Cα–H oxidation of propargylamines.

Keywords: Visible light, Cu catalyst, C-H oxidation, green approach

mailto:[email protected]

28

Study of Copper Oxide as Active Material for In-Activation of Sars-Cov-2 Variant Spike

Rahadian Zainul* Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang,

Indonesia. *Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the ability of copper oxide to inactivate the Sars-Cov-2 Virus by Physical Chemistry. The method used is computational Molecular Modeling using pyrx-autodock-vina. The Spike variants analyzed were 6XC2, 71V2, 6XLU, 6MJO, 6MOJ, and 7LX5, from www.rscb.org. Experiments were carried out on three groups of copper oxides, CuO, Cu2O and CxOy (x 1, and y 2), from www.materialproject.org. Interaction test data in the form of RMSD and Binding Energy. As a result, there is the largest interactions, (where RMSD crosses or 0), CuO2(504100) – 7LX5 Spike Sars Cov 2 variant, with binding affinity -11.5. Meanwhile, low binding energy occurs in the 6XC2 variant, in the 3.2 – 3.4 range. These results indicate that the copper oxides CuO2_504100 can be confirmed to play an important role in the inactivation of the Sars Cov-2 Spike Virus, particularly 7LX5 variant. Keywords: In-activation, spike, Sars-Cov-2, binding energy, copper oxide


29

BB0016B

Entamoeba Genus Infection: Current Prevalence and Risk Factors among Orang Asli Schoolchildren in Perak, Malaysia

Nur Insyirah Tokijoh1, Syazwan Saidin1*, Adibah Abu Bakar1, Nurulhasanah Othman2 and

Rahmah Noordin2

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Amoebiasis, a disease caused by the Entamoeba histolytica parasite, is estimated to cause 0.05-0.1 million deaths each year and has become a public health concern in many developing countries. In Malaysia, Entamoeba genus infection is still prevalent among Orang Asli communities. However, there is still a scarcity of data on the prevalence of this infection, particularly among Orang Asli children. Thus, this cross-sectional study was aimed to determine the current prevalence and risk factors of the Entamoeba genus among Orang Asli schoolchildren in Perak, Malaysia. A total of 544 stool samples were collected (March 2020 until April 2021) from six selected Orang Asli primary schools in the districts of Muallim, Kinta and Batang Padang. All samples were subjected to molecular detection using genus- specific PCR that amplifies the small subunit rRNA gene sequences of Entamoeba species. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to measure the risk factors. PCR analysis showed 58.8% (320/544) stool samples were detected positive for Entamoeba species. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that gender (AOR=0.655, CI=0.449,0.954; p=0.018), BMI (AOR=0.254, CI=0.019,3.468; p=0.002), fathers’ occupation (AOR=0.454, CI=0.239,0.861; p=0.000), household member (AOR=0.466, CI=0.228,0.955; p=0.027), mothers’ education level (AOR=0.964, CI=0.523,1.778; p=0.037), not washing hands after defecate (AOR=5.433, CI=1.291,22.86; p=0.035), and gastrointestinal symptom (nausea) (AOR=1.296, CI=0.518,3.246; p=0.013) were significant risk factors associated with Entamoeba infection among these children. Entamoeba genus infection is highly prevalent among Orang Asli schoolchildren in Perak. Hence, health education focused on good personal hygiene practices and environmental sanitation are needed to eradicate these parasite infections. Further study using species-specific primers developed for Entamoeba complex differential diagnosis should also be done to determine the true prevalence of species infections. Keywords: Prevalence, Entamoeba genus, Orang Asli, schoolchildren, risk factor

30

BB0057B

Review of Molecular Analysis of Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila and Orthosiphon stamineus using ITS2-RFLP Markers for Rapid Identification of the Herbal Substance in

Medicinal Tea Product

Siti Nor Amira Mohd Azli and Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin*

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract Herbal medicinal products have been used enormously widely around the world for about centuries until now. Malaysia, as the world's oldest rainforest, bless with multi biodiversity, with more than a thousand plants having been identified containing the medicinal value. At the same time, more and more people are worried about the substitution and counterfeiting of plant products, emphasizing the need for authentication of plant sources used in plant products. This review gives an overview of DNA barcoding technique on strength and limitations, and the approach on combining with DNA based methods for successful identification of herbal substances in medicinal product. These procedures include DNA barcoding and polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism method. DNA barcode is an approach for molecular authentication of plant products, in which short DNA sequences in standardized areas are sequenced and compared with reference databases. This review aims studies on molecular analysis by ITS2-RFLP markers for Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila and Orthosiphon stamineus for identification of the herbal substance in medicinal product as a case study. Keywords: Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila, Orthosiphon stamineus, ITS2-RFLP, herbal medicinal, tea products


31

BB0058B

Plant Diversity along a Standardized Urbanization Gradient in an Expanding City of Ipoh, Perak (Providing Human Needs vs Protecting Nature)

Balqis Aqila Alue1, Fatimah Mohamed1, Zahid Mat Said1, Kamarul Ismail2 and Noraine Salleh

Hudin1*


2Department of Geography and Environment, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract Urbanization is one of the leading drivers of plant diversity loss and expected to act as a filter for plant species by altering their physiochemical environment. Plant communities adapt to urban expansion in a sensitive way, and serve as a degree of urbanization. Many studies only focused on the effects of urbanization on plant diversity in temperate countries, hence there is a need to study how tropical plant species respond towards urbanization, particularly because of the rapid urbanization in this region. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the plant species composition along an urbanization gradient in Ipoh, Perak. Urbanization gradient was quantified as the percentage of built-up area within 1km2 area using the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). A total of 12 sampling plots that sized 1km2 were established to represent different urbanization intensities (urban, suburban, rural and wild land). In each plot, 40 subplots were arbitrarily picked to form a total sampling site of 0.1 hectare. Any plants found in the subplots were identified at species level. The results showed that 96 woody plant species belonging to 71 genera and 42 families. Species richness, evenness and diversity significantly decreased from wild land (d= 8.58, J՛= 0.97, H՛= 4.11) to urban areas (d= 2.41, J՛= 0.90, H՛= 2.38). Thus, urbanization could significantly influence plant diversity in Ipoh, Perak. The findings potentially contribute to understanding the mechanisms behind urbanization's effects on plant diversity, and also how the plant diversity changes along the urbanization gradient. Keyword: Plant diversity, species richness, urbanization gradient, Ipoh, built up-area

32

BB0078B Histological Effect of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Several Organs in

ICR Mice

Azam Muzafar Ahmad Mokhtar1, Haniza Hanim Mohd Zain1* and Mohammed Muayad TA2


2Environmental Research Centre, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.


Abstract The study was conducted to investigate the histological effects of agarwood or specifically Aquilaria malaccensis aqueous extract (AMAE) leaves on several organs in ICR mice. Acute toxicity study was included which focused on finding AMAE toxicities. 39 male and 39 female mice with age of 12 weeks old were used. The mice were divided into 7 groups and each group contained only 12 mice (6 males and 6 females). All mice orally received the AMAE at a certain concentration which are 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000 mg/kg body weight and only one group was used as control which was treated with normal saline. The extract was administered only once on the first day. Results showed a significant difference in male mice body weight. Signs of abnormality such as breathing condition, salivation, drowsiness, fur, faeces, skin, and eyes condition were observed in all treated mice. All treated mice body fur seems to be affected while female mice face fur appeared to be balding. Not only that, drowsiness was also detected in all treated mice and some groups even showed abnormal faeces indicating an adverse reaction in their faecal production. The histology of liver, kidney and stomach were also affected. Some portal vein and sinusoids in AMAE treatment located inside liver tissue were filled with blood. All treated mice glomerulus located in the kidney expanded and some burst glomeruli were also detected. The length of mucosa located in the stomach tissue also seemed to be reduced and some gastric glands showed obvious changes. Based on the data obtained, it can be stated that Aquilaria malaccensis is toxic if taken at a high dosage due to the harmful side effect it caused on mice appearance, behaviour and organ tissues. This indicates that Aquilaria malaccensis can be hazardous if taken at a dosage of 4000 mg/kg or higher. Keywords: Agarwood, Aquilaria, medicinal plants, medicinal properties, toxicity


33

BC0001B

Phytochemicals from Beilschmiedia as Lead Compounds for New Drug Discovery

Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh1*, Farediah Ahmad2 and Shamsul Khamis3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

3Center for Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.


Abstract Medicinal plants are known to contain substances which could be useful for the treatment of diseases or for the production of drugs. These substances occur naturally in plants and are referred to as secondary metabolites because they are synthesized to protect the plant other than for growth. Most of these secondary metabolites possess medicinal potentials which are active against many diseases. Before the advent of modern analytical techniques for the screening of plant actives, the traditional plants have been used primitively to alleviate symptoms of illnesses such as stomach ache, toothache, body pain and inflammation, diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, diabetes etc. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the phytochemistry and bioactivities of Beilschmiedia species (B. madang, B. pulverulenta, B. glabra, B. penangiana, B. maingayi, B. insignis) from the Lauraceae family. Purification of the extracts of Beilschmiedia species yielded various types of compounds such as neolignans, lignans, triterpenes, and alkaloids, as well as two new neolignans, madangones A and B, and two new phenanthrene alkaloids, beilschglabrines A and B. Bioactivities including antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory activities were also investigated. Madangone B (IC50 70.3 µM) found to have strongest DPPH assay, beilschglabrine A displayed the best acetylcholinesterase (IC50 50.4 µM), while syringaresinol gave the best activity in lipoxygenase (IC50 21.0 µM) assay. Conclusively, the idea of pushing natural products' research on drug discovery and development requires constant update and well-documented literature, as well as their potential in drug development, efficient delivery of drugs, and therapeutic trial. Keywords: Beilschmiedia, Lauraceae, phytochemistry, neolignan, alkaloid, inflammatory

34

BC0004B Enhancement of Antimicrobe Activity and Degradability of Pickle Skin by Modification with

Nanoparticle Produced by using Red Algae (Gracilaria sp.)

E. Rohaeti1*, Z. F. Ramadhani, J. Ikhsan, E. W. Laksono and D. Y. Lestari

Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia


Abstract The objectives of this research were to characterize of nanoparticles which prepared with three methods, i.e. extraction, microwave, and ultrasound, and also to study the effect of nanoparticles in modification of pickle skin on hydrophobicity properties, mechanical properties, antimicrobial activity, and biodegradation of skin. A silver nanoparticle was prepared by using extract of red algae to change silver ion to nano. Extract solution of red algae was produced by using water solvent and then mixture of extract and nitrate silver solution was shaken for 24 hours in extraction method. The mixture was treated in microwave for 4 min at a power of 300 W to complete the formation of nano. In the ultrasound method, the mixture was ultrasound treatment for 30 min. Characterization was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a particle size analyzer to analysis silver nanoparticle. Characterization of modified pickle skin was conducted by determining of hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans, and also biodegradability of pickle. Based on the results of UV-Vis and PSA analysis, silver nanoparticles were identified at a wavelength of 416.5 nm with a particle size of 77.2 nm for the microwave method, a wavelength of 421.0 nm with a particle size of 90.4 nm for the extraction method, and a wavelength of 436.5 nm with a particle size of 73 nm for the ultrasound method. There were significant differences in the hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, activities of anti-bacteria and anti-fungi, and also degradability of pickle skin. Keywords: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, nanoparticle, pickle skin, red algae, Staphylococcus epidermidis

35

BC0008B Preparation of Zirconia-Nickel Doped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle and Its Application

as a Dopamine Sensor

Mohamad Rafizie Aiman Mohamed Roduan*, Mohamad Idris Saidin, Siti Munirah Sidik, Illyas Md Isa, Norhayati Hashim and Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia


Abstract In this research, a zirconia-nickel doped with mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Zr-Ni MSN) has been successfully prepared and characterized. The Zr-Ni MSN was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). This material was used in the fabrication of modified glassy carbon electrode (Zr-Ni MSN/GCE) for the analysis of dopamine (DA). The electroanalytical behavior of Zr-Ni MSN/GCE towards DA was evaluate by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the sensor showed a linear relationship concentration in the range of 0.3 µM to 0.1 mM with limit detection of 0.13 µM. The relative standard deviation for the 0.1 mM of DA was 0.7% (n=5). The interferences from other organic compounds and trace metals such as catechol, saccharose, glycine, lactose, Cr3+, Fe2+ and Na+ did not influence the electrochemical response of the sensor. The sensor was successfully applied in the analysis of DA in various water samples. Zr-Ni MSN/GCE can serve as an alternative tool in the analysis of DA. Keywords: Mesoporous silica, nickel-zirconia, dopamine, electrochemical sensor, voltammetry

36

BC0019B

Synthesis of Novel Dithiol-Functionalised -Al2O3 Nanocomposite for Effective Mercury Adsorbent in Industrial Effluent

Nur Iraizzati Shaifudin* and Aisyah Mohamad Sharif

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,

35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract

Mercury is one of toxic heavy metals that is highly concerned globally. Minamata Convention was

established to address human’s activities related to mercury in hope to reduce mercury pollution.

Bad effects from consuming over-limit mercury are included memory-related diseases, failure of

organs and eventually lead to death. Not just humans, animals and plants also can get same effects

as humans if consume excessive mercury. To address the issues, many researchers tried and

produced some kind of methods, materials or complexes to reduce or to remove mercury especially

from water body. Adsorption is the most popular methods among them to remove mercury from

water by using a thiol-functionalized adsorbent. In this study, a thiol called 1,4-

benzenedimethanethiol (BDMT) was intercalated with -Al2O3 to form a complex, BDMT--Al2O3

which act as adsorbent to remove mercury from water body. -Al2O3 was produced by precipitation

method and characterized by XRD, BET, FESEM, TEM and XRF before intercalated with BDMT.

Keywords: Dithiol, -Al2O3 nanocomposite, adsorbent, mercury, waste


37

BC0020B

Visible-Light-Induced Aerobic C-H Oxidation of Propargylamine to Synthesis of Substituted 2-ynamide and Oxazolo[2,3-A]isoquinolinones

Mandapati Bhargava Reddy, Neerathilingam Nalladhambi and Ramasamy Anandhan*

Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.


Abstract

Propargylamines are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds consist of highly reactive amine and an alkyne moiety on the backbone. In the oxidation reaction, mostly the oxidizing agent reacts with its nitrogen to give N-oxides and

Wacker-type oxidation of acetylenes into 1,2-diketones. Although, the C-H oxidation reaction of propargylamine is unknown in the literature and also imperative demand in the synthetic transformations. Based on literature and demands, we wish to report an efficient approach for

visible light initiated chemoselective aerobic C-H oxidation of propargylamines in the presence of highly reactive nucleophilic amine and alkyne groups via molecular O2 as an oxidant using rose bengal as photoredox catalyst and further, to disclose cyclization reaction for the synthesis of oxazolo[2,3-a]isoquinolinone derivatives.

Keywords: Visible light, chemoselectivity, propargylamines, ynamides

38

BC0027B Fabrication and Characterisation of Azobenzene-Linked Porpyrin Molecular Wires for Light

Harvesting System

Suzaliza Mustafar*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract Azo group is an interesting motif to be integrated into a polymer structure due to their stability and conductivity. By employing porphyrin monomer comprising anilino group, the tendency to covalently linked two porphyrin monomers is high. Therefore, in this study azobenzene- linked porphyrin polymer is fabricated by engaging electrochemical oxidation to induce oxidative coupling. Since the modified electrode by thin films have many potential applications, three different electrodes have been used as solid substrates to immobilize the porphyrin monomer on it. Even though these three solid structures different from one another, the successful polymer immobilization on these electrodes will open the possibilities to engage these modified electrons in various application areas such as catalysis and light harvesting system. The generated polymeric film is expected to show photofunctionality, so that the modified ITO with these polymeric films is engaged in photocurrent generation measurement. Hence, the photofunctionality of the electropolymerised porphyrin film was disclosed along with the plausible mechanism for photoelectric conversion. Keywords: Molecular wires, azobenzene, photocurrent


39

BC0029B

Phytochemical Constituents of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaf Extract and Their Anti-

Inflammatory Activity against LPS/IFN- Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Manar A. Eissa1*, Yumi Z. H-Y. Hashim1, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz2, Hamzah Mohd.

Salleh1, Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa3, Nor Malia Abd Warif4, Fauziah Abdullah5, Eman Ramadan6,8 and Dina M. El-Kersh7,8

1International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic

University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjung Malim,

Perak, Malaysia. 3Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Nursing, Kulliyah of Nursing, International Islamic

University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 4Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5Phytochemistry Program, Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109

Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. 6Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in

Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt. 7Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo

11837, Egypt. 8Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt, Cairo

11837, Egypt.

*Corresponding authors: [email protected]

Abstract

Aquilaria tree (Thymelaeaceae) is a source of the precious impregnated agarwood resin and several bioactive compounds. However, the phytochemical constituents of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves were not fully investigated. In the present study, the fractions of A. malaccensis leaf extract (ALEX-M) offered the isolation of eight known compounds, epifriedelanol (1), 5-Hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone (2), Luteolin-7,3’,4’-trimethyl ether (3), Luteolin 7,4'- dimethyl ether (4), Acacetin

(5), Aquilarinenside E (6), Iriflophenone 2-O--L-rhamnopyranoside (7) and Iriflophenone 3-C--glucoside (8). The compounds were isolated from the species for the first time. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive analyses of the spectroscopic data (IR, UV, HRESIMS, 1D and 2DNMR). The anti-inflammatory activity of A. malaccensis leaves was investigated through its crude extract (ALEX-M) and isolated compounds on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 1-5, 7 displayed inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated NO production,

with IC50 values ranging from 39.35±3.33 g/ml to 91.12±4.09 g/ml.

Keywords: Aquilaria malaccensis, agarwood, phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory, RAW 264.7


40

BC0031B

Phytochemical Investigation and Antibacterial Activity of Cardaria draba against Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Salam Ahmed Abed*

Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.


Abstract

The present study was done to investigate the chemical components of Cardaria draba and, to evaluate its antibacterial activity C. draba roots were extracted under reflux using 70% ethanol, while the aerial parts; leaves and stems were extracted by soxhlet using ethanol, then filtered using buchner system. The filtrates were evaporated to obtain concentrated viscous crude extract. The antibacterial effect of both extracts was studied on resistance negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using Petri dish method to determine the MIC and MBC for both extracts. The results of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in both roots and leaves with the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids in higher concentrations in roots. The result of antibacterial assay showed that MICs were approximately 230 µg/ml and 180 µg/ml for aerial parts and roots respectively, which indicated that a very little concentration of the plant extract was able to inhibit the cell wall synthesis of the resistance bacteria. Keywords: Cardaria draba, phytochemistry, antibacterial activity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa


41

BC0032B

Essential Oils Composition and Biological Properties of the Genus Magnolia – A Review

Ahmad Azrul Hakim Yahaya and Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh*



Abstract The genus Magnolia is comprising of about 219 species and is widely distributed in Asian and American regions. Magnolia species have unique ornamental values, strong anti-pollution ability, and have great economic and medicinal relevance due to their essential oils' chemical diversity and biological potential. This review reports twenty-four Magnolia species growing around the world and the chemical and biological properties of their essential oils. The data were collected from the scientific electronic databases including SciFinder, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Chemically, eucalyptol, linalool, limonene, β-eudesmol, β-elemene, β-pinene, and caryophyllene were reported as the primary components in the Magnolia essential oils. The essential oils showed various biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiphotoaging, antifungal, cytotoxicity, antidermatophytic, nematocidal and cytotoxicity properties. This review is mainly meant to provide relevant information on Magnolia species, with emphasis on the essential oil, providing guidance for the selection of accessions or species with the best chemical profiles. It was also possible to identify species that have not yet started studies and possible activities of their essential oils. Besides, more preclinical analyses, as well as clinical trials, are required to evaluate the potential of essential oils from Magnolia species for drug development. Keywords: Essential oil, Magnolia, eucalyptol, linalool, antioxidant, antimicrobial

42

BC0033B Essential Oils Composition and Biological Properties of the Genus Syzygium – A Review

Nur Hazwanie Abdul Kadir and Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh




Abstract Syzygium belongs to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae with about 1800 species and found in the tropical region of Asia. The species present economic, medicinal, and pharmacological properties as well as a source for pharmacochemistry studies. The local populations often use it for different medicinal purposes, such as to treat diabetes, dysentery, stomachache, cold, and ulcer. The objective of this study was to review the essential oils of the genus Syzygium and their biological activities. The data were collected from the scientific electronic databases including SciFinder, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar. A total of twenty-six Syzygium species have been reported for their essential oils and biological activities. Sesquiterpenes were identified as the major group components for Syzygium species with the presence of α,β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, α-cadinol, germacrene D, viridiflorol, nerolidol, together with monoterpenes, α-pinene, β-pinene, o-cymene, β-ocimene, and limonene. The essential oils also presented remarkable bioactivities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, acetylcholinesterase, anti leishmanicidal, cytotoxicity, larvicidal, oviposition deterrent, toxicity, genotoxicity, antimicrobial, α-amylase, anti-inflammatory, and molluscicidal properties. Hence, these studies may contribute to the rational and economic exploration of Syzygium species since it has been identified as potent natural and alternative sources to the production of new herbal medicines. Keywords: Essential oil, Syzygium, caryophyllene, pinene, antioxidant, antimicrobial

43

BC0038B Insightful Discussion of Copper (I) Complexes as Promising Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized

Solar Cells

Anis Kharul Nada Mohd Yusuf1, Suzaliza Mustafar1*, Etty Nurlia Kusumawati2, Yusnita Juahir1, Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim1 and Noorshida Mohd Ali1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-

0021, Japan.


Abstract Energy production must move away from fossil fuels and toward renewable resources such as wind, solar, geothermal and so forth to replace the depletion of fossil fuels and gas sources. Solar energy development is an alternative to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels which also helps to offset global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Generally, the photovoltaic (PV) cells are used to convert solar energy to electrical energy. PV cells are generally classified based on the generation (GEN) or category. Gallium arsenide and mono/polycrystalline silicon cells are the first GEN whilst thin-film technologies are the second GEN. Third GEN such as Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) still one of the best alternatives over silicon-devices due to its sustainability and rapid improvement in conversion efficiency. However, there are several factors hampering dependency on DSSCs such as cost and the efficiency of the systems. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review based on the Scopus database to find out possible answers for those questions. In general, we know dyes are very important in the DSSC to harvest large intensity of light spectrum. The good dye sensitizers must be economical, practical and biocompatible. To the present time, transition metal complexes based on ruthenium (Ru) are the most prevailing sensitizers. However, these noble metal-based devices are not sustainable due to the toxicity and scarcity of Ru metal which cause the environmental concerns. In addition, the scarcity of related metal salts causes the price are inevitable high which not economical for consumers to bear. Thus, designing alternatives that transcend these drawbacks is worthwhile in the long run. Sustainable sensitizers such as organic dye which are low-priced and metal-free are already been discovered but most of them are suffering from lower photostability. In this context, copper (Cu) complexes become the prominent choice. Hence, this paper aims to review about Cu complexes as promising dye sensitizers for DSSCs. Other than the economic benefits, Cu complexes mainly Cu(I) polypyridyl-based

compounds display numerous photophysical similarities with [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ such as strong

metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption in the visible and a relatively long excited-state lifetime. In summary, qualities possess by Cu complexes are desirable for DSC sensitizers which made Cu becomes the suitable replacement of Ru for cheaper yet superior in stability and efficiencies of DSSCs than conventional silicon-based solar cells. Keywords: Photovoltaic, dye-sensitized solar cells, copper (I) complexes


44

BC0040B

Facile Synthesis of Graphene in Alkaline Aqueous Solution

Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid1*, Illyas Md Isa1,2, Suriani Abu Bakar1,2 and Norhayati Hashim1,2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan

Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan

Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract We report a simple, green and cost effective synthesis of graphene via chemical reduction of graphene oxide in alkaline aqueous solution. Extensive characterizations have been studied to confirm the formation of graphene in sodium carbonate solution. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical properties of the prepared graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode using potassium ferricyanide as a redox probe. Based on the result, with the addition of graphene to the glassy carbon electrode the current flow increases and the peak also broadens as compared to graphite and graphene oxide. This method is fast, cost effectively, and green as nontoxic solvents are used which will not result in contamination of the products. Thus, this method can serve for the preparation of graphene which can be effectively used in sensors, electronic devices and super capacitor. Keywords: graphene, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical, glassy carbon electrode

45

BC0048B

Polymeric Nanocomposite-Based Herbicide of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Coated- Zinc/Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide-Quinclorac: A Controlled Release Purpose for

Agrochemicals

Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif1*, Norhayati Hashim1,2 and Illyas Md Isa1,2


2Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract In this work, the use of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is highlighted in enhancing the controlled release behaviour of zinc/aluminium layered double hydroxide-quinclorac (Zn/Al-LDH-QC). The Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC nanocomposite were characterised using powder x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis and

field emission scanning electron microscopy. The release study was carried out in an aqueous

solution of Na3PO4, Na2SO4 and NaCl, so as to mimic the environmental condition where the QC is frequently used. The Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC nanocomposites showed better performance in releasing QC, with prolonged release time ranging from 163–6083 min, compared to 99–2639 min for the uncoated nanocomposites. The hygroscopic nature of the CMC plays a critical role in enhancing the release behaviour of the Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC. The kinetic study shows that the Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC follows the pseudo-second order kinetic model; hence the release mechanism occurred via dissolution of the CMC matrix and the ion exchange process. These results, therefore, indicate the potential of Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC in dealing with the downside effect of the excessive usage of herbicide in paddy cultivation. Keywords: Zinc/aluminium layered double hydroxide-quinclorac, carboxymethyl cellulose, coating, controlled release formulation, kinetic

46

BC0053B

Alkaloids from Alphonsea sp. and Their In Silico Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities

M Nur Sidik1*, Yuhanis Mhd Bakri1, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz1 and Chee Fah Wong2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak.

2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak.


Abstract Gout is the most common inflammatory disease or inflammatory arthritis that results in joint pain which caused by an increase in the level of uric acid in the body. Inhibition of uric acid formation is done through inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase involved in the formation of uric acid. The aim of this study was to identify in silico xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of alkaloids isolated from Alphonsea sp. Two species were studied: Alphonsea cylindrica and Alphonsea elliptica. In silico based on molecular docking using YASARA program was carried out to study the inhibition mechanism and interactions of compounds against xanthine oxidase. Atherospermidine, kinabaline, cyathocaline, N-methylouregidione along with standard allopurinol were investigated. The results of the molecular docking study revealed that kinabaline has the lowest docking energies among all the compounds tested at 6.9040 kcal/mol. It can be concluded that cyathocaline and atherospermidine are competitive inhibitors while kinabaline and N- methylouregidione showed non-competitive type of inhibition. Therefore, alkaloids are promising remedy for the treatment of gout and related inflammatory disorders. Keywords: Alphonsea sp., alkaloid, xanthine oxidase, gout, docking


47

BC0055B

Phosphorescent Cyclometallated 1,2,4-Triazolepyridyl-Based Iridium(III) Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photophysical Studies

Nurul Husna As Saedah Bain1, Noorshida Mohd Ali1*, Yusnita Juahir1, Norhayati Hashim1, Illyas Md Isa1, Azmi Mohamed1, Azlan Kamari1, Bohari Mohd Yamin2, Amalina Mohd Tajuddin3 and

Muhammad Hazim Baharudin1


2Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia.

3Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.


Abstract Cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes have been considered as one of the most promising phosphors in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high phosphorescent efficiencies, relatively long lifespan, and versatile colour tunability. Herein, we report the synthesis, crystal structure and

photophysics studies of cyclometallated Ir(III) complex [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(pyta)Cl], where ppy and

pyta denote 2-phenylpyridine and pyridine-triazole respectively. This complex was successfully

synthesised by reacting dichloro-bridged Ir(III) dimer [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(µ-Cl)]2 with 2.3 equiv of 2-

(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine and was characterised by spectroscopic methods; NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis and LC-QTOF/MS. The molecular structure was figured out by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique and the study revealed that Ir(III) ion was coordinated to one pyridine-triazole, one chloro and two difluorophenylpyridine ligands in a distorted octahedral geometry. Steady-state emission spectroscopy demonstrated that the Ir(III) complex emitted blue-green light in dichloromethane solution with an emission maximum at 469 nm due to the admixtures of 3LC and 3MLCT character excited states. Therefore, this study proved the photophysical properties of

[Ir(2,4- F2ppy)2(pyta)Cl] complex completely rely on the nature of the cyclometallating ligands

compared to the ancillary ligands. Keywords: Iridium(III) complex, 1H-1,2,4-Triazole, ancillary ligand

48

BC0056B Synthesis and Characterization of Chromone-Based Ligand and Its Fluorescent Property

Towards Pb2+/Hg2+ Ion

Yusnita Juahir1*, Wan Mohd Hilmey W Mohd Arifin1, Noorshida Mohd Ali1, Suzaliza Mustafar1, Norlaili Abu Bakar1, Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad1, Faridah Lisa Supian2 and Uwaisulqarni M.

Osman3


2Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

3School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.


Abstract Monitoring of Pb2+ and Hg2+ metals is important in view of its utility as well as toxicity. Chromone-based ligands, namely FCMSH and FCTSC were synthesised and characterised. The binding study revealed the coordination FCMSH to the Pb2+/Hg2+ is through M-N (imine nitrogen atom) and M-O (carbonyl and sulfonyl oxygen atoms). While, FCTSC coordinate to the Pb2+/Hg2+ ion through M-N (imine nitrogen atom), M-O (carbonyl oxygen atom) and M-S (thiolic sulphur atom). Both are in mononegative tridentate manner via ONO or ONS donor atoms. DCFCMSH exhibited the turn-on fluorescence (501 nm) behaviour towards Pb2+/Hg2+, whereas the turn-off (quench) fluorescence behaviour observed in AFCTSC. Thus, DCFCMSH and AFCTSC having good potential to be developed as alternative fluorescent chemosensor for the determination of Pb2+ and Hg2+. Keywords: Chromone-based, coordination, Pb2+/Hg2+ ion, fluorescent chemosensor

49

BC0062B

Electrochemically Modulated Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Enrichment

Maizatul Najwa Jajuli1,2, M. Hazwan Hussin1, Bahruddin Saad3, Afidah Abdul Rahim1, Marc Hebrant2 and Gregoire Herzog2*


Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor,

Malaysia. 3School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.


Abstract A new sample preparation method is proposed for the extraction of pharmaceutical compounds (Metformin, Phenyl biguanide and Phenformin) of varied hydrophilicity, dissolved in an aqueous sample. When in contact with an organic phase, an interfacial potential is imposed by the presence of an ion, tetramethylammonium (TMA+), common to each phase. The interfacial potential difference drives the transfer of ionic analytes across the interface and allows it to reach up to nearly 100% extraction efficiency and a 60-fold enrichment factor in optimized extraction conditions as determined by HPLC analysis. Keywords: Interfacial potential, Metformin, Phenyl biguanide, Phenformin

50

BC0069B

The Potential of Areca catechu as Erectile Dysfunction Cure: A Review

Norkamilah Mohammed @ Abdullah1, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz1*, Yuhanis Mhd Bakri1, Rozita Yahaya1, Chee Fah Wong2, Hasimah Alimon2 and Mohd Kamal Nik Hasan3


Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,

35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 3Makmal Isyarat Sel, Program Bioaktiviti, Bahagian Hasilan Semulajadi, FRIM, 52109 Kepong,

Selangor, Malaysia.


Abstract Areca catechu L. is a palm plant, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions, such as Southern and Southeast Asia including Malaysia, China, Pakistan, Philippines, New Guinea and Indonesia. This review focuses on the chemical constituents and biological activities of A. catechu, and its relation to erectile dysfunction (ED) disease. Literature search was conducted on the Mendelay web, PudMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct with the aim of identifying all the relevant articles published from 2011 to 2021. Based on reviewed articles, the chemical constituents isolated from the A. catechu namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, and fatty acids. A. catechu extracts have shown antihelmintic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, fertility and anxiolytic effects. Moreover, many articles reported that the polar ethanol extracts of A. catechu exhibited aphrodisiac effect to normal male rates that showed possibility to treat ED. In conclusion, A. catechu has potential to be developed as pharmaceutical products in relation to ED. The data provided may help the future researchers to further explore the potential of A. catechu as an aphrodisiac agent. Therefore, it can help many couples to live their normal life and improve the social and economy crisis. Keyword: Areca catechu, fertility, aphrodisiac, Erectile dysfunction


51

BC0077B

UV- Curing of Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Potential Recognition System of Hydroquinone

Norlin Suhaiza Musali1*, Norlaili Abu Bakar1, Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim1, Wan Rusmawati

Wan Mahamod1 and Norhayati Hashim1,2


2Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract Molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIPs) was prepared by mixing monomer hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and cross linker triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) using a dummy template p-xylene. The UV-curing process was carried out at wavelength 405 nm. Extraction of template from the imprinted polymer is carried out with the mixture of methanol and acetic acid in the ratio of 9:1 (v/v) for 6 hours to ensure the elimination of p-xylene from the polymer. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of MIP 20/80 1% shows the existence of peak at the range of 840 – 860 cm-1 which represents the stretching outside the aromatic plane C-H at the para position. The peak was believed to be p- xylene. The peak disappears after the washing and drying stage. This indicates that all templates have been completely removed. The presence of carbonyl peak at 1719 cm-1 is referring to HEMA and TEGDMA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed some phases of separation characterized by melting point (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc). Meanwhile, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) result reveals that the highest decomposition of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) occurs to polymer 80/20 which in line with the physical properties of the polymer itself that exhibit the most fragile characteristic compared to the other synthesized polymer. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) micrograph showed that non-imprinted polymer (NIP) had no cavity as compared to MIP. The MIP shows positive recognition against Hydroquinone. Keywords: Molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP), Non-imprinted polymer (NIP), melting point (Tm), crystallization temperature (Tc)

52

BC0084B

Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes and Antibacterial Activity of Graphene Oxide Supported Mono and Bimetallic Nanocomposites

Kuppan Sivaranjan*




Abstract

Graphene oxide supported mono GO/Ag and bimetallic (GO/Ru–Ag) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared via a simple chemical reduction method. The newly designed GO-supported mono and bimetallic NCs were characterized using various techniques, such as Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Furthermore, the GO-supported mono and bimetallic NCs were utilized for the reduction of two organic dyes, crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG), using NaBH4 in an aqueous medium at 25 ℃. The catalytic reaction followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, as monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy. In addition to this, the antibacterial activity of these prepared mono and bimetallic NCs was studied against two Gram (+ve), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and two Gram (-ve) bacteria, Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The bimetallic NCs exhibited excellent catalytic and antibacterial activity as compared to the monometallic NCs. Keywords: Bimetallic nanocompisite, Ag, Ag/Ru, catalytic reduction, antibacterial

53

BC0085B Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Lamellar Liquid Crystals of Tween 65/H2O/VCO System: Thermal

Stability and Rheological Properties

Norzakiatul Husna Isnolamran1, Wan Rusmawati Wan Mahamod1*, Norlaili Abu Bakar1, Norhayati Hashim1 and Siti Aisyah Shamsudin2


Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan



Abstract Considering the nutrients provided by the virgin coconut oil (VCO) and the uniqueness of the lamellar liquid crystal (Lα) structure that mimics the skin layer, the VCO-based Lα (V- Lα) system is the perfect combination for application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. In this study, the V-Lα of Tween 65 (T65)/H2O/VCO samples have been synthesized via titration method. The effect of VCO content on thermal stability and rheology of Lα structure was investigated in this paper. The textures, structural parameters, thermal studies and rheological behavior were characterized via polarizing optical microscopy (POM), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheometer, respectively. The POM morphology demonstrated the maltese cross and oily streak of lamellar phase. The 1:2 periodically ratio of scattering vector value, q in the SAXS spectrum confirmed the existence of a lamellar structure. The repeat distance (d) slightly decreased as the VCO content increased. The results showed that all the samples displayed viscoelastic fluid behaviour with pseudoplastic characteristics (shear thinning). The high VCO content was found to interfere the thermal stability and rheological behavior and in turn illustrates the weakness of the internal structure of the V- Lα. This synthesized system meets the criteria as a good carrier medium and has great potential for topical applications. Keyword: VCO-based lamellar liquid crystal, structural, thermal, rheological properties


54

BC0087B

Influence of CB on Rheological Properties of V-Lα of T80:B30/H2O/VCO System

Nor Ain Mohamed Arifin1, Wan Rusmawati Wan Mahamod1*, Norlaili Abu Bakar1, Norhayati Hashim1 and Siti Aisyah Shamsudin2


Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan



Abstract

Crisaborole (CB) is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that has been prescribed

to treat mild to moderate eczema while lamellar liquid crystal (Lα) is a phase that is gaining significant attention in current research as a topical drug delivery system due to its structural

uniqueness. However, to date the study of CB incorporation into the Lα phase has yet to be

explored. In this study, virgin coconut oil (VCO) based lamellar liquid crystal (V-Lα) of Tween

80:Brij30(1:9)/H2O/VCO was formulated using titration method. The influence of the CB contents on the rheological properties of V-Lα samples was investigated. Optical polarising microscopy (OPM) and rheometer were used to examine how V-Lα responded to the inclusion of CB, in terms of their rheological characteristics. The existence of oily streak and maltese cross textures on the

OPM images indicate the presence of lamellar texture. These V- Lα samples exhibit typical

rheological properties of lamellar mesophases i.e viscoelastic with shear thinning behaviour. The results also show that the content of CB does influence the rheological properties of the lamellar mesophases. The stable internal lamellar network structure was obtained at the 5% of CB content. The evolution of lamellar microstructure caused by shear was clearly indicated by the values of different flow indices in different power law regions detected from the flow curve. This formulation has great potential for use as a topical application in general and as an atopic dermatitis cream in particular. Keywords: Liquid crystal, lamellar, virgin coconut oil, Crisaborole, rheological properties

55

BC0090B Visible Light Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Primary Alcohols with o-Aminobenzamides

and o-Aminobenzenesulfonamides by Selectfluor

Kesavan Prasanth, Mandapati Bhargava Reddy and Ramasamy Anandhan*

Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.


Abstract

Quinazolinones and benzothiadiazines are essential building blocks in various alkaloids and numerous important biologically active compounds. In recent years the use of visible light-promoted photoredox catalysis has been attracted significantly towards the development of alpha C(sp3)-H of alcohols via the HAT process. Herein, a mild and convenient method for oxidative cyclization of primary alcohols with o-aminobenzamides and o-aminobenzenesulfonamides to achieve quinazolinones and benzothiadiazines under visible-light irradiation has been reported. Selectfluor is used as hydrogen atom transfer reagent for oxidative cyclization reaction under visible light irradiation. This photochemical approach offers broad substrate scope of quinazolinones and benzothiadiazines under mild reaction conditions. Keywords: Visible light, oxidative cyclization, quinazolinones, benzothiadiazines

56

BC0093B

Visible-Light-Induced Metal-Free Synthesis of Amides from N,N-dibenzylanilnes using Organic Dye as Photocatalyst

Nalladhambi Neerathilingam and Anandhan Ramasamy*

Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai-600 025,

Tamil Nadu, India.


Abstract The synthesis of structurally ubiquitous amide motifs is essential in the assembly of numerous important molecules such as peptides, proteins, alkaloids, pharmaceutical agents, polymers, ligands and agrochemicals. During last decades, amides were synthesized using expensive transition metals and harsh conditions. In the past few years organic chromophores have played a promising role in photo catalysis due to broad range of substrate scope and alternatives to transition metal catalyzed examples. Therefore, we wish to report a visible light mediated metal-free strategy to synthesis amides from N,N-dibenzylanilnes via highly efficient N-benzylic C–H oxygenations using rose bengal as photocatayst. During the presentation we will present our strategy for synthesis of series amide compounds, as well as reaction mechanism through the experimental studies.

Keywords: Visible light, amides, photocatalyst


57

BC0100B Improvement of Titania-Based Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants in

Wastewater

Nurul Adilah Mohd Noor, Siti Munirah Sidik* and Mohamad Saufi Rosmi



Abstract

Photocatalytic degradation has gained attention as an environmentally friendly technology as it offers mild reaction conditions for wastewater treatment. The present review mainly describes the strategies to improve the photodegradation of organic pollutants through modification of titania-based photocatalyst since TiO2 has several drawbacks such as wide band gap (3.2 eV) and rapid recombination of photogenerated charges that inhibit its full potential towards photocatalysis. Therefore, much effort to obtain excellent photocatalytic performance including the use of mesoporous materials and the addition of metal doping into the TiO2 are highlighted to propose a mechanistic study of promising photocatalytic method. Incorporating mesoporous materials within the TiO2 enhance the interaction of organic pollutant and photocatalyst as it produces large surface areas that improve the photocatalytic activity. Doping with metal will suppress the recombination between electron/hole pairs produced on photon absorption as it acts as electron sinks that may improve the photocatalytic performance by the quantum yield of superoxide radicals.

Keywords: TiO2, synthesis method, mesoporous material, metal doping, photodegradation, organic pollutant


58

BC0103B

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes using Electric Arc Furnace Slag as a Source of Catalyst

Ong Suu Wan1, Mohd Shaiful Aidil Mohd Syafaruddin1, Mohamad Saufi Rosmi1, Zaiton Abdul Majid2, Muhammad Zamir Othman2, Suriani Abu Bakar3, Nor Azuah Buang2, Siti Munirah Sidik1

and Illyas Md Isa1


2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract Low-cost productions of high quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied. Carbon nanotubes have been synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition previously. Here, high purity and quality of carbon nanotubes with about 30 nm in diameter have been successfully produced using catalyst derived from electric arc furnace slag and acetylene gas (C2H2) as a carbon source via chemical vapor deposition. Characterization of carbon nanotubes was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. The carbon nanotubes were highly graphitized (ID/IG ratio = 0.25) and have higher purity up to 90 %. Because the catalyst is unsupported catalyst, they can be removed from carbon nanotubes by simple reflux with low concentration of hydrochloric acids for only 30 minutes. Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, thermal chemical vapour deposition, unsupported catalyst, electric arc furnace slag

59

BM0028B

Analysis of Area Under a Curve (AUC) using C-Programming: Trapezium and Simpson Rules Techniques

Abu Bakar Ibrahim1*, Fauzi Mohammad Yusof2, Sumayyah Dzulkifly1 and Ainul Nadira Tuah1

1Department of Computing, Faculty of Art, Computing and Industry Creative, Universiti

Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan



Abstract This study aims to analyze the Area Under a Curve (AUC) Using C Programming: Two methods were selected namely Trapezium Method and Simpson Method. In mathematical solutions there are many different methods applied and used in an effort to solve numerical integration for different data spaces. Among them are the Trapezium and Simpson methods widely used to solve numerical integration equations. The objectives of this study are to study the more accurate calculation of the area under a curve and to identify the differences between the trapezium and simpson methods in the calculation of the area under a curve as well as compare between the more relevant Trapezium and Simpson methods to use. This study focuses on identifying methods that provide more accurate value in the area under a curve. The purpose of the study was to study the more accurate values of the area under a curve between the trapezium method and the simpson method using c programming. This study was conducted to find the accuracy in the area under a curve between the trapezium method and the simpson method. This study was conducted quantitatively using the ADDIE method. The results of calculations using c programming show that 6.93% difference in the area of the area under a curve between the trapezium method compared to the accurate calculation (using a calculator) and while 6.23% difference in the area under a curve compared to the simpson method. In general, the data show that the simpson method obtains a relatively low difference of 0.623 compared to the trapezium method of 0.693. The simpson method has a more accurate approximate value compared to the trapezium method. Keywords: C-Programming, Trapezium Rules, Simpson Rules, Area under Curve


60

BM0039B Regionalization of Rainfall Regimes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using Principal Component

Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis

Muhamad Afdal Ahmad Basri and Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin*

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract Monthly precipitation data, between years 1970-2019, obtained from Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency database, were analyzed to regionalize precipitation regimes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Heirarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was applied to group the homogenous precipitation regimes. According to the HCA, four distinct and homogenous region were recognized. Then, the S-mode of principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on seasonal correlation matrix. Based on the 75 percent of cumulative percentage, 14 factors for Dry season and Rainy Season and 12 factors for Inter-monsoon were extracted between the components and varimax rotation was used to enhance interpretability of retained PCA scores. This study showed that the dataset potentially could be used for regionalization of precipitation rainfall in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. According to results, use of this dataset in order to group precipitation regimes is recommended for arid and semi-arid regions of mid-latitudes, especially in the area of South East Asia. Keywords: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Heirarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA)

61

BM0070B

Unicyclic Graphs with Maximum Randić Indices

Roslan Hasni1*, Nor Hafizah Md Husin2 and Zhibin Du3

1Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

3School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, Guangdong, P. R. China.


Abstract

The Randić index R(G) of a graph G is the sum of the weights (𝑑u𝑑v)-½ of all edges uv in G, where

𝑑u denotes the degree of vertex u. In 2011, Du and Zhou determined the n-vertex unicyclic graphs with the third for n ≥ 5, the fourth for n ≥ 7 and the fifth for n ≥ 8 maximum Randić indices. Recently, Li et al. (2016) obtained the n-vertex unicyclic graphs with the sixth and the seventh for n ≥ 9 and the eighth for n ≥ 10 maximum Randić indices. In this paper, we characterize the n-vertex unicyclic graphs with the ninth, the tenth, the eleventh, the twelfth and the thirteenth maximum Randić values. Keywords: Randić index, maximum values, unicyclic graphs, ordering

62

BP0012B

Power Limit for a Stable Optical Trapping of a Single Microcluster of Calix[4]Arene Trapping in Water

Nur Izzati Mahadi and Shahrul Kadri Ayop*

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,



Abstract This study aims to determine the upper and lower limit of laser power density for the purpose of stable optical trapping of a single microcluster of calix[4]arene in water. Various size of the microcluster (1µm-10µm) was trapped optically trapped using optical tweezers at 976 nm. in deionized water (DIW). The optical stiffness of the optical trap is evaluated by determining the corner frequency from the Power Spectral Density of the microcluster trajectory. It has been found that the minimum laser power required for the optical trapping of a single microcluster, regardless of the sizes of the microcluster, is 2.72 mW. However, the maximum laser power for the optical trapping varies with the size of the microcluster. Keywords: Optical tweezers, calixarene, microcluster, optical trapping, water, laser power


63

BP0014B Optical Stiffness of an Optically Trapped 4-Cyano-4’-Pentylbiphenyl (5CB) in the Form of a

Microdroplet in Water

Muhamad Safuan Mat Yeng, Shahrul Kadri Ayop* and Izan Roshawaty Mustapa

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract

This study aimed to determine the optical stiffness (𝑘𝑇) of an optically trapped 4-Cyano-4’-Pentylbiphenyl (5CB) in the form of a microdroplet in water. The optical stiffness is an essential parameter for the calibration of optical trapping for force related measurements and micro actuating applications. A 0.5 µL of 5CB was dispersed in 2 mL of deionized water to produce a solution with a 5CB microdroplet. The optical tweezers with a 976 nm laser were used to optically trap a single 5CB microdroplet. It was found that 1.1 µm diameter 5CB microdroplet showed a non-linear relationship of corner frequency and optical stiffness at increasing laser power density due to weak trapping. However, 2.0 µm diameter 5CB microdroplet showed a linear relationship of corner frequency and optical stiffness at increasing laser power density in stable trapping conditions. Thus, the diameter of the 5CB microdroplet has a significant effect on stable optical trapping. This study was expected to contribute to the control precision for LC-based sensing and actuating applications. Keywords: Optical, stiffness, 4-Cyano-4’-Pentylbiphenyl, 5CB, microdroplet, water


64

BP0042B Design of Magneto Rheological Suspension of C-Class Car Segment using for Bouc Wen

Model for Education

Mohamad Amiruddin Ismail1*, Irdayanti Mat Nashir1, V. Sethuprakash1 and Kazuma Sekiguchi2

1Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Tokyo City University, 1 Chome-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya City, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.


Abstract This research describes the development of twin tube Magneto rheological suspension system of Proton Preve car model. Basic information and knowledge were obtained through a literature review on designing a multiple degree of freedom mass spring damper, the mathematical model involved, and the controller using Matlab/Simulink. The next step was then to determine the parameters involved in this project, which were mass, damper spring resistance, etc. Based on the mathematical model obtained, the system was designed in Simulink using the force disturbance obtained from data sheet as the input. After successfully simulating the system, the controller was designed using Simulink and implemented. By using a PID controller, results were obtained and compared to determine which parameters that enabled the best performance in reducing vehicle vibrations. A prototype of the MR damper was built, which was a major contribution of this project. The MR Proton Preve Damper was designed according to the C-class C-class dimensions. A quarter car system was designed following the equations of a 2DOF system. A PID controller simulation was performed and compared with the OEM C- class damper. In the next phase, a simulation was also conducted to aid in the design of the MR C-class damper. The MR damper was a twin tube design, where the coil was integrated with the piston of the damper. In response to forces applied, the twin tube design allowed the piston to travel only within a fixed distance in the cylindrical reservoir. The twin tube design kept the MR fluid within the reservoir. The electrical wire passed through the channel in the piston rod using a perforation technique. Keywords: Magneto rheological damper design, Bouc Wen model, C-class segment

65

BP0044B Magneto Rheological Suspension Control using Matlab and Arduino PID Controller for the

Formula Malaysia Education Competition (Formula MEC)

Mohamad Amiruddin Ismail1*, Irdayanti Mat Nashir1, V. Sethuprakash1 and Kazuma Sekiguchi2

1Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tamazutsumi, Setagaya City, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.


Abstract Formula MEC car development using MR suspension system became popular and necessary nowadays. Basic information and knowledge of FMEC formula car was obtained through a literature review on designing a multiple degree of freedom mass spring damper, the mathematical model involved, and the controller using Matlab/Simulink. The next step was then to determine the parameters for this formula car, which were mass, damper spring resistance, etc. Based on the mathematical model, the system was designed in Simulink using the force disturbance obtained from previous experiment. After successfully simulating the system, the controller was designed using Simulink and implemented. By using a MR damper, results were obtained and compared to determine which parameters that enabled the best performance in reducing vehicle vibrations. A prototype of the MR damper was built in Simulink and Arduino micro controller, which was a major contribution of this research. The MR Damper was designed according to the Formula MEC specification. A quarter car system for formula car was designed following the equations of a 2DOF system. the next phase, a simulation was also conducted to aid in the design of the MR Formula MEC damper. Keywords: Magneto rheological damper design, Formula Car Malaysia Education Competition (F-MEC), Matlab, Simulink, Arduino microcontroller

66

BP0066B

Transmitting Performance Simulation of Piezoelectric Transducer for Underwater Application

Siti Azizah Muhamad Lotfi* and Mohd Ikhwan Hadi Yaacob

Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,



Abstract This paper reports transmitting performance simulation of the circular piezoelectric transducer using finite element analysis (FEA) approach. The 3D model of the transducer is designed and simulated using 6 different piezoelectric materials. FEA simulation and modelling had been carried out using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 software. Thickness and radius of the piezoelectric material layer were varied and transmitting performance were compared and analyzed. From this simulation, transmitting performance of PMUT is decreased as the membrane radius increased, while it increased as the thickness of piezoelectric material layer increased. The total device thickness at 430 µm with the membrane radius at 1500 µm, show the best performance at 240 kHz of frequency, tailored for many underwater applications. The thickness and radius have contributed significantly on the mechanical stress generated at the surface of piezoelectric material layer, in contact with the electrode. Hence, the device radius and thickness of piezoelectric layer are considered, regardless of the type of piezoelectric material used. Keywords: Piezoelectric, underwater PMUT, simulation, transmitting performance

67

BS0051B Agarwood Production of Aquilaria malaccensis using Various Inoculants and Techniques

M. Z. Mustapa1,4*, M. A. Alias1, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz2, Chee Fah Wong3, Mastura

Ibrahim2, Rozita Yahaya2 and Yuhanis Mhd Bakri2

1Faculty of Forestry and Environment, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.



4Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Menara PGRM, Jalan Pudu Ulu, 50728 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


Abstract Agarwood, the fragrant resinous wood of Aquilaria species, is precious and widely used in medicine, religion and perfume. Aquilaria malaccensis cultivation and inoculation techniques have been successfully developed in Malaysian plantations to protect endangered Aquilaria species. In this paper, five inoculants and four methods of inductions were analysed and compared for their effectiveness. Two phases of agarwood harvesting were executed after 18 months and 24 months of incubation period. The results showed that inoculant RAHE Probio had effectively stimulated the agarwood formation during 24 months of incubation. On top of that, the bamboo stick and dripping method was the best inoculation technique with a mean yield of agarwood, 22.57 kg/tree. With the latest induction technologies developed in Malaysia plantation, it is now possible to cultivate high-value agarwood in young plantation tree. Keywords: Agarwood, Aquilaria malaccensis, inoculant, plantation

68

BBE0068B

Kertas Konsep Pembangunan Permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’ bagi Subtopik Pencernaan dalam Matapelajaran Biologi Tingkatan 4

Nurul Hanim Mustafa dan Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad*

Jabatan Biologi, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung

Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak Pembelajaran berasaskan permainan merupakan salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan aktiviti keseronokan semasa dan selepas pembelajaran. Penekanan elemen bermain sambil belajar dapat memberi impak positif untuk meningkatkan prestasi, minat dan motivasi murid. Tajuk pencernaan dipilih berdasarkan kajian keperluan yang menunjukkan kesalahan konsep murid dari segi istilah, proses dan pengetahuan sedia ada. Proses pembangunan permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’ ini adalah berdasarkan model reka bentuk ADDIE. Bagi menumpukan elemen bermain sambil belajar, teori yang mendasari kajian ini adalah Teori Konstruktivisme, Teori Kognitif, Teori Behaviorisme, Teori Game-Based Learning dan model pembelajaran koperatif. Kajian lepas juga menyatakan bahawa pendekatan bermain sambal belajar dapat membantu murid untuk memberi tumpuan sepenuhnya kepada istilah, proses dan pengetahuan sedia ada terutamanya dalam topik pencernaan ini. Melalui pembangunan permainan ini, sesi pembelajaran dapat dilaksanakan secara bermakna melalui pendekatan ‘learning by doing’ yang mana murid dapat menjana idea pemikiran dan kefahaman semasa bermain permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’. Diharapkan, pembangunan permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’ dapat memberi implikasi yang holistik kepada sistem pendidikan di Malaysia terutamanya dalam matapelajaran Biologi. Kata kunci: BioDigestix Fun Game, pembelajaran berasaskan permainan, pencernaan dan pencapaian

69

BBE0076B

Development of ARcell Apps for The Topic of the Structure of Cells and Organelles

Rohani Hashim1, Che Nidzam Che’ Ahmad1*, Nor Nafizah Mohd Noor1, Nur Zakirah Mohd Nizam1, Wan Nasriha Wan Mohamed Salleh1 and Endang Setyaningsih2

1Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,

35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Muhammadiyah

Surakarta, Indonesia.


Abstract

This research aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of Augmented Reality apps named ARcell for the topic of The Structure of Cells and Organelles. The design used was development research [15],[5]. The development of this ARcell apps was based on the ADDIE model with the integration of Constructivism learning theory and Mayer Cognitive theory of multimedia learning. The validity of the ARcell apps was determined by experts, while the reliability was based on the pilot study. The usability of ARcell apps was determined through 101 Form 6 student’s perceptions randomly selected from three schools in Malacca. The data were analysed descriptively using the SPSS. The findings reported that the ARcell apps had good validity and reliability with a CVI of 0.96 and a Cronbach Alpha value of 0.93. ARcell also had good usability in terms of design, functionality, ease of use, learnability, satisfaction, future use, and system reliability, with a high mean value of 3.94. Essentially, the ARcell apps had good validity, reliability and usability and are very suitable for the use in the learning of Form 6 biology in the topic of Cell Structure and Organelles. The implications of this study indicated that the ARcell could be used as an additional teaching aid and can be a catalyst for a fresh global learning approach in Malaysia.

Keywords: Augmented Reality, biology, usability, education 4.0, ADDIE model, COVID-19


70

BBE0107B

Evaluation of a Higher Order Thinking Skills Test for the Topic of Cell Division and Subtopic of Gametogenesis (UKBATG)

Wan Nasriha Wan Mohamed Salleh1, Che Nidzam Che Ahmad1*, Norhamidah Hussain1, Endang

Setyaningsih2, Saidatul Ainoor Shaharim3 and Rohani Hashim1


2Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia.

3School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.


Abstract This quantitative study aimed to evaluate the quality of a Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Test instrument for the topic of Cell Division and the subtopic of Gametogenesis (UKBATG). UKBATG contains 25 items in the form of multiple-choice and 6 subjective items that can measure students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The process of validity was conducted by five experts in the field of Biology and HOTS and two experts in the field of Malay language and English language. The reliability of UKBATG was determined by calculating the KR-20 coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and inter-rater reliability (IRR) by determining the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The quality of UKBATG was also determined by calculating the difficulty index, p and discrimination index, D for each item. Findings showed that all UKBATG items have a good validity exceeding 70% agreement among experts. In terms of reliability, it was found that the KR-20 coefficient was 0.774, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.844 and the ICC coefficient in the range of 0.635 to 0.841. The values of p and D indicated that the UKBATG items were at a moderate level and were accepted as good items. In conclusion, this study successfully developed an instrument that is good in terms of validity and reliability and also has good item quality. The implication is that the UKBATG can be used to measure students’ HOTS and increase the number of HOTS test instruments, especially in Biology. Keywords: Validity, reliability, difficulty index, discrimination index, biology

71

BCE0002B

Enhancing Self-Directed Learning Skills via Blended Problem-Based Learning in Chemistry Learning

Mohd Mokhzani Ibrahim1, Khairul Azhar Jamludin2*, Mohd Shafie Rosli3, Muhd Ibrahim Muhamad

Damanhuri1, Hafsah Taha1, Mohamad Termizi Borhan4


2Centre of Education Leadership and Policy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

3School of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,



Abstract

Students' mastery of the Three Representation Levels of Chemistry Concept (macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic) is still weak and this has affected their academic performance in Chemistry subject. This is resulted from poor engagement of students in the teaching and learning process. The current teaching practice is teacher-centered learning and does not encourage self-directed learning. Therefore, there is a need to implement Blended Problem-Based Learning (BPBL) which encourages students’ self-directed learning in face-to-face and online learning mode. This study is aimed at: (i) identifying how self-directed learning skills are being applied in the BPBL, and (ii) identifying how BPBL enhances self-directed learning skills. This study employed a qualitative approach through a case study research design (exploratory and explanatory). Two teachers and 20 students were selected using purposive sampling, which became the sample for this study. Data were collected from observations, students’ documents and semi-structured interview and analysed thematically. Generally, the findings indicated that the BPBL approach was able to enhance students’ ability to: (i) plan a problem-solving process, (ii) analyze, assess understanding and provide justification as well as (iii) evaluate references and information. These skills have contributed to mastery of the Three Representation Levels of Chemistry Concept and they were able to avoid the formation of alternative concepts. The findings of this study can serve as a reference to effectively implement BPBL in the context of Chemistry learning in Malaysia. Keywords: Three representation levels of chemistry concept, blended problem-based learning, self-directed learning


72

BCE0011B

Do Chemistry Teachers Need Flipped Classroom Learning Kit?

Nurul Ain Ashikin Halin and Tien Tien Lee*



Abstract Flipped classroom is one of the latest teaching methods that is more flexible than conventional methods. The development of flipped classroom learning kit is one of the efforts to reduce teachers’ burden during teaching and facilitating process. By using flipped classroom approach, it gives students opportunity to choose an appropriate time to study and train them to make early preparations before actual class begins. This study was conducted to investigate the needs of flipped classroom learning kit among Chemistry teachers in Malacca. This study also aims to identify the appropriate learning area and content for the development of flipped classroom learning kit. A total of 60 Chemistry teachers were randomly selected from the state of Malacca as sample in this needs analysis survey. Questionnaire was used as instrument to obtain feedback from the respondents. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyses the data. Results of the study found that 88.33% of Chemistry teachers need flipped classroom learning kit to help them deliver the lesson more effectively. In addition, Periodic Table of Elements (35.24%) especially the elements in Group 1 (50.00%) were chosen by most teachers as the content for the flipped classroom learning kit. Therefore, a Flipped Classroom Alkali Metals (FCAM) learning kit will be developed to assist the teachers and students in the teaching and facilitating process. It is hoped that this learning kit can reduce teachers’ burden as well as improving students’ achievement in Chemistry, especially in Periodic Table of Elements topic. Keywords: Flipped classroom, learning kit, needs analysis, Periodic Table of Elements


73

BCE0022B

The Effectiveness of Green Chemistry Experiments on Students’ Achievement in Electrochemistry

Nur Liyana Zahari1* and Hafsah Taha2

1Sekolah Menengah Teknik Sejingkat, 93050 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

2Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract Green chemistry should be applied in the implementation of our national chemistry curriculum to ensure the success of education on sustainability or environmental education. Green chemistry experiments use the concept of reducing the use of chemicals by replacing chemicals with benign chemicals and recycled materials to approximate sustainable use of materials. This quasi-experiment study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of green chemistry experiments on students’ achievement in electrochemistry. The pre- and post-tests were administered to 22 high school students who took Form Four Chemistry subject and were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment group carried out electrochemistry experiments based on the green chemistry lab manual while the control group carried out conventional chemistry experiments based on the practical textbook provided by the ministry. Data obtained were analysed using t-tests. Results showed no significant difference in the pre-achievement test for the control and treatment groups [t(10) = -1.773, p > 0.05]. However, there seemed to be a significant difference for the treatment group in the pre and post achievement test [t(10) = −2.823, p < 0.05]. Therefore, it is indicated green chemistry experiments may have a positive impact on students’ achievement in electrochemistry. The green chemistry experiments seemed to engage students in actively learning the topic and facilitate teachers to diversify their laboratory pedagogy. Keywords: Green chemistry experiments, education on sustainability, electrochemistry, environmental education, laboratory pedagogy


74

BCE0037B

Development and Usability of Acid-Base E-Flashcard (ABeF) from the Perspective of Student Teachers

Lai Yie Lin Emilia and Tien Tien Lee*




Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop the Acid-Base e-Flashcard (ABeF) and investigate student teachers’ perception towards the usability of ABeF. The research design of this study is design and development research. The ABeF development process was based on the five phases of ADDIE model. Two instruments were used in this study, which are the content validity evaluation form and usability questionnaire. Two Chemistry lecturers have been appointed to validate the content validity of ABeF. All the semester seven student teachers from Bachelor of Education (Chemistry) program (32) were chosen as the sample to identify the reliability of the usability questionnaire during the pilot study. A total of 201 semester one to six student teachers from Bachelor of Education (Chemistry) program were selected as the respondents for the field study. The findings show that the Cohen kappa coefficient value for the validity of ABeF was 1.00. The mean values for the usability of ABeF in terms of usefulness, satisfaction and ease of use were 3.82 (SD = 0.39), 3.84 (SD = 0.37) and 3.84 (SD = 0.37), respectively. In conclusion, ABeF has a high validity and usability index. The implication of this study is to help the teachers and student teachers to teach acid and base topic in a more interesting way. Besides, form four Chemistry students can learn acid and base topic better with the help of ABeF that can be visualized and touched.

Keywords: Acid base, e-Flashcard, ADDIE Model, validity, reliability, usability

75

BCE0047B

The Development of Chemistry Matriculation Module: Need Analysis

Nor Syatilla Haerany Abd Ghani1 and Tien Tien Lee2*

1Department of Chemistry, Kedah Matriculation College, 06000 Changlun, Kedah, Malaysia. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan



Abstract The needs analysis study was conducted to obtain information from matriculation chemistry students and lecturers about 1) the problems encountered by the students and lecturers during the teaching and learning of matriculation chemistry subject, 2) the most challenging topics in matriculation chemistry syllabus and 3) the need for the development of the teaching and learning module. This needs analysis study is a survey study involving 126 first semester matriculation students and eight matriculation lecturers selected by random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as instrument for this study. It was divided into four parts: demographics, matriculation chemistry problems, matriculation chemistry topics difficulty level and suggestions to facilitate the learning of difficult chemistry topics. The results showed that matriculation chemistry is difficult because the subject is abstract. Besides that, feedback on the difficulty of matriculation chemistry topics showed the most difficult topic is the chemical bonding. Therefore, there is a need to develop a module that can be used as supporting materials in the teaching and learning of chemistry for matriculation students. In conclusion, students and lecturers need teaching and learning aids in chemical bonding topic to improve student’s achievement. The implication of the findings provided references to the development of effective teaching and learning modules. Keywords: Need analysis, matriculation chemistry, module, chemical bonding

76

BCE0049B

Keberkesanan Amali Kimia Hijau terhadap Pencapaian dan Kesedaran Kelestarian Alam Pelajar Tingkatan 4

Suhaili Mohd Sarjidi1*, Priyashini Letchumanan2 dan Hafsah Taha2

1SMK Batu Muda Persiaran 1/112, Sentul, 51100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala

Lumpur. 2Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung



Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tahap pencapaian dan kesedaran kelestarian alam pelajar tingkatan empat yang mengambil mata pelajaran kimia di sekolah menengah melalui amali kimia hijau. Kajian ini melibatkan pembinaan amali kimia hijau dalam tajuk asid dan alkali dan menguji keberkesanan amali tersebut berdasarkan pencapaian dan kesedaran kelestarian alam. Kajian dilaksanakan menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif kuasi eksperimen. Sampel bagi kajian merupakan 39 murid tingkatan empat yang mengambil mata pelajaran Kimia. Hasil analisis ujian-t menunjukkan pencapaian kumpulan eksperimen dan kumpulan kawalan tidak berbeza secara signifikan. Namun hasil analisis ujian-t bagi kesedaran kelestarian alam kumpulan eksperimen dan kumpulan kawalan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan secara signifikan. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan amali kimia dapat dijadikan sebagai amali alternatif yang mampu meningkatkan kesedaran kelestarian alam dalam kalangan pelajar. Kata Kunci: Kimia hijau, kesedaran kimia hijau, kelestarian alam

77

BCE0061B

Pembangunan Permainan ‘Journey to the Unexpected’ Bagi Kursus Kimia Alam Sekitar

Leily Dayana Zohar Raden Rasol dan Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim*

Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstrak Kesedaran masyarakat Malaysia tentang pengurusan bahan buangan terjadual masih rendah. Bahan buangan terjadual yang tidak diurus dengan betul akan membahayakan alam sekitar. Tinjauan awal telah dibuat kepada 66 pelajar Fakulti Sains dan Matematik (FSM) berkaitan aspek kategori, kesan pembuangan yang tidak betul, cara pelupusan dan akta berkaitan bahan buangan terjadual. Dapatan kajian mendapati ada keperluan untuk memperkasakan kesedaran pengurusan bahan buangan terjadual di kalangan pelajar FSM. Oleh itu, satu papan permainan dibina sebagai pendekatan yang menyeronokkan dalam meningkatkan kesedaran dan pengetahun pelajar. Papan permainan ini dibangunkan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang merangkumi lima fasa iaitu analisis, reka bentuk, pembangunan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Terdapat tiga instrumen kajian yang dibina dalam kajian ini iaitu borang kesahan kandungan, kesahan permainan, dan kesahan soal selidik persepsi yang dinilai oleh pakar dengan nilai pekali persetujuan Cohen Kappa sebanyak 1.00, 1.00 dan 1.00, masing-masing. Kajian rintis telah ditadbir kepada 30 responden menunjukkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha bagi kebolehpercayaan adalah 0.93. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science 23.0 (SPSS 23.0) versi 23.0. Kesimpulannya, papan permainan yang dibina menunjukkan nilai indeks kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Papan permainan ini berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai alat bantu mengajar pensyarah bagi meningkatkan kesedaran pelajar dalam topik pengurusan buangan terjadual. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran berasaskan permainan, papan permainan, pengurusan buangan terjadual, kimia alam sekitar


78

BCE0079B

A Need Analysis for Developing MY CHEMISALT for Preparation of Three Type of Salts’ Topic in Form Four Chemistry KSSM

Marlina Mat Napes and Aisyah Mohamad Sharif*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,



Abstract

The objective of this research is to obtain input from Chemistry teachers and Form Four students that study Chemistry subjects. This research will identify problems that arise during teaching and learning of the preparation of three types of salt topic and needs to develop game based learning (GBL)’s tools. The topic of preparing three types of salt is included in Acid, Bases and Salt’ s chapter as stated in Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) for Form Four students. In the survey that had been carried out, 224 students and 207 teachers in and outside of Selangor completed the questionaires that had been shared randomly via social media such as Telegram dan Whatsapp channell. Statistical analysis shows 80.4% of students have the difficulty to master this topic. 88.7% of students and 85.0% of teachers chose game based learning (GBL) using board and cards games during a lesson. The data shows that there is the need to develop 21-st Century Learning (PAK-21) learning tools in order to produce human capital with Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The implication of this study illustrates that the board game MY CHEMISALT should be developed as it fulfills the elements in gamification such as narrative, different level of difficulty, challenges, score board and reward. MY CHEMISALT is innovated to enable students playing it in hybrid learning, in both face to face mode or online class, to adapt the changes in current style of learning due to pandemic Covid-19.

Keywords: MY CHEMISALT, game based learning (GBL), combination of board and cards games

79

BCE0081B

Pembinaan dan Kesan Modul K5FN bagi Topik Kadar Tindak Balas terhadap Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Di Palembang

Made Sukaryawan1*, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz2 dan Muhd Ibrahim Muhammad

Damanhuri2

1Jabatan Kimia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jalan

Palembang Prabumulih KM 32 (30662) Palembang, Indonesia. 2Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung



Abstrak Kajian bertujuan membina dan menilai kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan teori konstruktivisme menggunakan model instruksional Lima Fasa Needham (K5FN) bagi topik kadar tindak balas, berdasarkan kurikulum kimia kebangsaan Indonesia. Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti kesan modul K5FN terhadap pencapaian akademik, sikap saintifik dan minat pelajar. Selain itu, kajian juga meneliti persepsi pelajar tentang modul K5FN sebagai sebuah bahan bantu mengajar. Modul K5FN dibina berdasarkan gabungan model instruksional Rowntree-Tessmer. Kesan modul ini diuji menerusi kajian eksperimen kuasi. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada ujian pra dan pasca, soal selidik sikap saintifik, minat, persepsi dan satu protokol temu bual. Sejumlah 189 pelajar tingkatan sebelas dipilih secara rawak daripada tiga buah sekolah menengah di Palembang. Seterusnya, 89 pelajar dalam kumpulan eksperimen mengikuti pembelajaran menggunakan Modul K5FN, manakala 100 pelajar kumpulan kawalan menggunakan kaedah konvensional. Analisis ANCOVA dibuat untuk menentukan perbezaan pencapaian akademik di antara kumpulan, sementara analisis deskriptif dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti sikap saintifik, minat dan persepsi pelajar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan apabila ujian pra dikawal, terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan (F(l,186)=31.417; p<.05) dalam pencapaian akademik pelajar yang menggunakan Modul K5FN berbanding konvensional. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa min sikap saintifik (min=3.77; SP=0.59) dan minat (min=3.67; SP=0.56) yang menggunakan Modul K5FN lebih tinggi berbanding pelajar kumpulan kawalan. Dapatan ini disokong oleh persepsi positif pelajar terhadap Modul K5FN di mana 82.02% pelajar menyokong penggunaan Modul K5FN sebagai bahan bantu mengajar yang berkesan. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan Modul K5FN berpotensi untuk meningkatkan tahap pencapaian, sikap saintifik dan minat pelajar bagi topik kadar tindak balas. Justeru, Modul K5FN boleh digunakan sebagai bahan pengajaran altematif bagi topik kadar tindak balas. Kata Kunci: Modul, K5FN

80

BME0003B

Integration of Video Screencast and Sketchup Make (VTS-SUM) to Enhance Students’ Visual Spatial Skills

Faridah Hanim Yahya1, Nur Hamiza Adenan2, Wasilatul Murtafiah3 and Norin Rahayu

Shamsuddin4

1Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


3Universitas PGRI Madiun, Jl Setia Budi No 85 Madiun, East Java, Indonesia 4Fakulti Sains Komputer & Matematik, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Kedah,

Kampus Merbok, 08400 Merbok, Kedah Darulaman, Malaysia.


Abstract Problems in learning 3-dimentional Geometry are related to a low level of visual spatial skills. The purpose of this study is to test a learning approach, using video tutorial screencast SketchUp Make, or VTS-SUM. The approach combines screencast video and 3D software for topic Plans and Elevations. SketchUp Make is a free 3D software, which can be downloaded from the internet. Using this software, students were trained to rotate, view, transform and cut objects, using tools provided to enhance their visual spatial skills, before drawing the plan and elevations of the objects. The video tutorials demonstrate steps in using the software. The study involved a total of 54 Form-Three high achievers, 25 of whom were male and 29 females. The study was conducted for six weeks using a quasi-experimental single group design, in the form of pre-posttest. The instruments used for this study were selected from visual spatial mental tests and the data obtained was analyzed, using paired sample t-test. The results showed that, there were significant differences in the mean scores of visual spatial skills, before and after learning via VTS-SUM (t=26.87; p<0.05). Hence, learning via VTS-SUM proved to be effective to enhance the students’ level of visual spatial skills. Keywords: Video screencast, SketchUp Make, visual spatial skills, Geometry, VTS-SUM, Plans and Elevations

81

BME0059B

Teachers’s Practices in Teaching and Learning Algebraic Problem Solving

Marsilah Anum Marham1*, Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah1 and Lee Tien Tien2




Abstract

Algebraic problem solving is one of the important areas in learning mathematics. However, the result shows that student’s performance in algebra mainly in solving problem is not satisfying. This study had two folds aim that are capturing teacher’s view on the teaching and learning algebra problem solving and also to grasp the idea whether the teacher have implicitly implemented problem posing strategy in a classroom. Thus, the objectives of this study are 1) to gain teacher practices in teaching and learning algebra problem solving, 2) to find out the difficulties faced by teachers while teaching Form Two students to solve algebra problem solving, and 3) to find out whether the teachers have implicitly imposed problem posing strategy in a classroom. Participants in the study were 8 experienced teachers who were been teaching mathematics especially mathematics Form Two syllabus and have teaching experience for more than five years. Data were gathered through qualitative technique that is using semi structured interview. Results from the study showed that teachers are still using teacher center approach in teaching and learning algebra problem solving, students lack of mathematics skills, and teachers rarely used problem posing strategy in a classroom. This study provides an overview that teacher should implement new strategy in teaching problem solving algebra in order to increase student’s performance. One of the promising strategies is known as problem posing strategy. Keywords: Algebraic problem solving, problem posing strategy

82

BME0060B

The Need and Effectiveness of Form Two Algebraic Expression Training Module

Foo Jing Yao*, Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah and Nur Hamiza Adenan

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract

This study aims to determine the need and effectiveness of Algebraic Expression Training Module (Mi-T2) in improving higher order thinking skill of Form Two students. The level of thinking skill of Malaysian students is still low. A descriptive study and quasi-experimental study was conducted at a secondary school in North Kinta, Perak in order to determine the need and effectiveness of module Mi-T2. The instruments being used in the study were questionnaires about the need of module Mi-T2, pre-test and post-test. The school teacher provided responses by completing questionnaires to determine the need of module. Two Form Two classes were selected to be the sample study through clustered random sampling which were the control group and experimental group. The pre-test and post-test were answered by both groups before and after the treatment. The findings showed that 80% mathematics teachers indicated that there is a need for the module Mi-T2. The comparison of the mean scores for the control group and the treatment group showed that there was a significant improvement in the post-test result, but the increase of the mean score for the treatment group was higher which from 50.87% to 78.27%. In conclusion, the study shows that there is a need of module Mi-T2 and the module Mi-T2 can help the students to master the topic of algebraic more effectively. It is in the hope that module Mi-T2 can be used extensively to help more students in mastering the concept of algebra more effectively and improving their thinking skill.

Keywords: Module, algebra, need, effectiveness, thinking skill

83

BME0065B

Development of a Platform for STEM Teaching and Learning Resource Materials in the Field of Discrete Mathematics

Suhaida Shahar Zaman*, Raja Noor Farah Azura Raja Maamor Shah and Marzita Puteh

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan



Abstract Past studies have found that there are constraints on teachers in developing teaching and learning (TnL) resources to implement STEM education in the classroom. Based on this issue, this research has developed a platform containing a variety of STEM TnL resource materials that focus on the field of Discrete Mathematics learning. This field of study is an area of learning in KSSM Mathematics for form four students. It encompasses three titles, namely Logical Reasoning, Set Operations, and Network in Graph Theory. Discrete Mathematics was the focus in the development of this platform as it is often considered difficult for students to understand. Additionally, as teachers find it challenging to find suitable learning materials to get students to be more interested. The platform was developed using an interactive multimedia medium that makes learning fun for students. The wide range of TnL STEM source materials contained in this platform makes it easier for teachers to choose and apply them in TnL. The ADDIE model was used as the development model for this platform. This model is among the most systematic and effective development models, consisting of five phases, i.e. analysis, design, and development, implementation, and evaluation. Besides that, the elements of skills in critical thinking and problem-solving are also integrated. Both skills are needed today to ensure students can have a competitive edge in the future job market. Keywords: Platform, TnL STEM Resource Materials, Discrete Mathematics, ADDIE Model, Critical Thinking Skills, Problem-solving

84

BME0071B

Analysis of the Relationship Between the Psychosocial Learning Environment and Learning Styles to the Achievement of Form Four Additional Mathematics

Nur Haslisa Isa*, Mazlini Adnan and Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan



Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the relationship of psychosocial learning environment, learning styles with the Additional Mathematics achievement. The study also aimed to identify psychosocial differences in the learning environments and learning styles by gender and school type in achievement. Quantitative approaches with a survey design were used for this study. A number of 205 form four Additional Mathematics students from 13 secondary schools in Setiu district were chosen using strata sampling methods as studied subjects. Research instrument were employed which are ‘What is Happening in This Classroom’ (WIHIC) and Dunn and Dunn learning styles. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis describes the level of perception about psychosocial learning environment and the most dominant learning style while inferential analysis involved the MANOVA and Spearman’s Rho correlation test. The findings showed that the students’ familiarity had the highest level of level of perception while the emotional category learning styles was the dominant of the students. The results also showed that students from Boarding Schools are concerned with the aspects of relationship with each other compared the students in other schools. While the learning style in three types of schools showed no significant differences in gender and school type. Spearman’s Rho correlation analysis showed that was significant relationship between psychosocial learning environments with achievement while no significant relationship between learning styles with achievement. As a conclusion, psychosocial learning environment and learning style are elements that need to be attention to enhance the achievement of these subjects. The implicates of the study are the psychosocial are the elements that need to be addressed in order to improve the achievement of this subjects. Keywords: psychosocial learning environment, learning styles, achievement


85

BME0075B Kajian Meta-Analisis: Penerapan Elemen Membina Hubungan dalam Pendidikan Matematik

Mohamad Nurizwan Jumiran*, Rohaidah Masri dan Mazlini Adnan

Jabatan Matematik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900

Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstrak Elemen membina hubungan ini adalah satu elemen yang boleh diterapkan kepada murid yang mampu menyumbang kepada peningkatan pencapaian dan motivasi murid dalam proses pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) matematik di bilik darjah. Justeru itu, terdapat keperluan untuk menganalisis secara kritikal dan sintesis trend pendidikan dan kaedah yang digunakan dalam kajian untuk menerapkan elemen membina hubungan dalam pendidikan matematik dalam konteks di Malaysia. Kajian ini telah menganalisis 4 artikel yang berkaitan yang dipilih secara rawak yang dilaksanakan oleh pengkaji di Malaysia terhadap penerapan elemen membina hubungan dalam matematik dari tahun 2016-2021. Hasil penemuan ini telah menunjukkan bahawa penyelidik lepas lebih cenderung memilih pendekatan penyelidikan kuantitatif yang menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan dalam kajian yang dijalankan. Sampel yang digunakan pula melibatkan pelajar di sekolah menengah dan di institusi pengajian tinggi. Secara keseluruhannya kajian yang telah dilaksanakan oleh penyelidik di Malaysia ini membuktikan bahawa elemen membina hubungan ini sesuai untuk diterapkan dan akan memberikan impak yang baik terhadap motivasi dan pencapaian pelajar dalam proses PdPc matematik di bilik darjah. Kata kunci: elemen membina hubungan, pendidikan matematik, pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc)


86

BME0086B

Analisis Keperluan Pembangunan Modul Latihan Berasaskan Permainan bagi Topik Geometri Tingkatan Satu

Mohamad Aidie Ikhwan Mohammad* dan Raja Lailatul Zuraida Raja Maamor Shah

Jabatan Matematik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900

Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstrak

Dalam pendekatan kajian reka bentuk dan pembangunan, analisis keperluan perlu dijalankan bagi mengenalpasti keperluan membangunkan sesuatu produk. Kajian tinjauan ini dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti persepsi murid terhadap penggunaan modul latihan berasaskan permainan dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) dan mengenal pasti keperluan pembangunan sebuah modul latihan berasaskan permainan bagi topik geometri tingkatan satu. Satu set borang soal selidik analisis keperluan telah ditadbir kepada 457 orang murid tingkatan satu daripada 3 buah sekolah menengah di bawah pentadbiran Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah (PPD) Kota Bharu. Data yang diperolehi dianalisi menggunakan perisian SPSS (Statistical Package For The Social Sciences) versi 27.0. Hasil dapatan analisis deskriptif menunjukkan persepsi murid terhadap penggunaan modul latihan berasaskan permainan berada pada tahap tinggi iaitu (M = 4.09, SP = 0.856). Dapatan seterusnya juga menunjukkan peratusan yang tinggi terhadap keperluan modul latihan berasaskan permainan bagi topik geometri tingkatan satu iaitu 85.5% responden bersetuju modul latihan perlu dibangunkan manakala hanya 15.5% yang tidak bersetuju. Kesimpulannya, hasil daripada kajian ini memberikan satu petanda bahawa perlunya sebuah modul berasaskan permainan dalam proses PdP geometri tingkatan satu dan majoriti responden menunjukkan kemahuan yang tinggi terhadap penggunaan modul latihan berasaskan permainan dalam proses PdP di sekolah.

Kata kunci: Pembelajaran berasaskan permainan, analisis keperluan, geometri

87

BME0092B

Kepuasan dan Kesedaran Pembelajaran Pelajar Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Matematik dalam Pembelajaran Atas Talian pada Tempoh Pandemik Covid-19

Izzah Athirah Samsul Kamar dan Rohaidah Masri*

Jabatan Matematik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,



Abstrak Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan tahap kepuasan dan kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Matematik di Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) dalam pembelajaran kursus matematik secara atas talian pada tempoh pandemik Covid-19 dan seterusnya untuk menentukan sama ada terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tahap kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar dengan tahap kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah satu set soal selidik tahap kepuasan dan kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar secara atas talian. Item kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar terdiri daripada lima konstruk, iaitu pengendalian struktur kursus, penglibatan dan interaksi pelajar, keberadaan tenaga pengajar, dan kepuasan pelajar. Seramai 265 sampel kajian telah dipilih melalui teknik persampelan rawak mudah daripada populasi kajian, iaitu 839 pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Matematik UPSI program AT14 dan AT48. Data telah dianalisis melalui analisis deskriptif (min dan sisihan piawai) dan korelasi Pearson. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa skor min bagi kedua-dua tahap kepuasan dan kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar dalam pembelajaran kursus matematik secara atas talian adalah pada tahap yang sederhana. Hasil kajian turut menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara tahap kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar dengan tahap kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar. Secara kesimpulannya, terdapat hubungan yang positif secara langsung antara tahap kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar dengan tahap kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Matematik UPSI dalam pembelajaran kursus matematik secara atas talian. Implikasinya, kajian ini telah dapat membantu dalam memberi cadangan kepada tenaga pengajar, pihak universiti dan pihak yang terlibat bagi memastikan pembelajaran secara atas talian dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan berkesan sepanjang pandemik Covid-19. Kata Kunci: Kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar, kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar

88

BPE0015B

The Development and Usability of Android Application for Register Terms on Malay – English for KSSM Physics

Muhamad Zulhelmi Othman, Shahrul Kadri Ayop* and Siti Nursaila Alias

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,



Abstract

This research aims to develop an Android application for register terms in Malay – English for KSSM Physics for Physics student teachers use. A need analysis has been done to obtain the feedback from ten student teachers about the existence of this application. This application is developed based on ADDIE development model and undergoes pilot test using qualitative approach to obtain the application initial feedback. After improvement, this application undergoes application validity process through three experts by using face and content validity forms. A quantitative approach has been done by using Heuristic Evaluation Questionnaire (HEQ) survey on 30 student teachers to obtain the application usability. This research has produced an application on an Android platform containing 418 extracted terms from Standard Document for Curriculum and Assessment (DSKP) for Form 4 and Form 5 Physics with the application name is FiPhyNeo. FiPhyNeo receives Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.96. FiPhyNeo also has obtained a high usability (mean = 4.37 ± 0.34). This research develops an application which is FiPhyNeo that contains register terms in Malay – English for KSSM Physics for student teachers use that is valid with high usability. This research will benefit not only the student teachers, but also current teachers and students for a fast and easy search of register terms and operates in offline mode in order to support the teaching and learning of Physics. Keywords: Translation, Android, Physics Form 4 and Form 5

89

BPE0023B

Contribution of Scientific Creativity and Affective Factors towards Students’ Physics Achievement: A Structural Equation Model Analysis

Lilia Ellany Mohtar1*, Lilia Halim2, Siti Nursaila Alias1, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud1 and Muhammad

Syukri3 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,

35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Education & IDEA-UKM, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,

Selangor, Malaysia. 3Physics Education Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia.


Abstract Physics achievement at the secondary school level is not encouraging, and physics teachers are not keen to implement creativity-based learning. This affects students’ involvement in physics learning and is compounded by the affective aspects of students not given attention because it is considered not to influence students' examination grades. The main purpose of this study was to propose a model for how creativity in physics, creativity in general (drawing product) and affective factors, namely attitude towards physics, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation affect physics achievement. The research employed a survey design with a data collection method using tests and questionnaires among 400 form four students in the public secondary school in Johor. The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moments Structures (AMOS) version 21. The structural equation modeling analysis results showed that scientific creativity and divergent thinking in physics affect physics achievement directly with the strongest relationships. In contrast, general creativity and affective factors affect indirectly. The study's implication suggests that vigorous effort needs to be focused on the development of physics divergent thinking and scientific creativity as these factors are the most influential and are directly related to physics achievement. It is equally important that the affective factors, namely students’ self-efficacy and students’ attitudes towards physics are emphasized as these factors have significant effect on students’ physics divergent thinking which would eventually lead to better physics achievement. Keywords: Physics achievement, scientific creativity, creativity drawing products, attitude towards physics, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation


90

BPE0034B

Development of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Instrument: A Systematic Review

Alysuliana Alias*, Lilia Ellany Mohtar and Shahrul Kadri Ayop

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract Critical Thinking and Problem Solving (CTPS) is one of the soft skills crucial to be applied for students nowadays, congruent to the development of 21st-century learning. A few types of instruments have been developed to measure the CTPS skills of the students. The purpose of this review is to identify the type of instrument and the context used by the researcher to measure the CTPS’s skills. The research methodology is based on the systematic literature search in online databases, mainly in Scopus and ERIC and supported by Google Scholar and My Cite. Keyword used during the searching process includes the instrument, test, assessment, critical thinking, and problem-solving. The screening process is considered the type of paper that is only articles written in Malay or English language and the year between 2017 to 2021. The result of this review reveals that the paper test, rubric, observation sheet, and questionnaire is the dominant type of instrument and the context of measurement is by group discussion, experimental report, quiz, and answer sheet. This finding will provide educators with guidance to develop the CTPS’s instrument most suitable for their subject area. It can also guide the researcher who is interested in the research of soft skills, especially critical thinking and problem-solving. Keywords: instrument, CTPS skills, assessment, critical thinking and problem-solving

91

BPE0102B A Need Analysis for the Development of Physics Game-Based Interactive Module Among

Matriculation Programme Students

Nurul Ain Malek, Nurul Syafiqah Yap Abdullah* and Mazlina Mat Darus Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,



Abstract The online interactive modules encourage active student involvement in the classroom and fulfil the students’ needs of various levels of mastery during learning, which can be accessed anywhere and anytime. Furthermore, applying gamification elements into the developed modules will increase students’ interest and motivation to use the module in their learning process. Thus, a need analysis study was conducted among matriculation college lecturers to identify the need to develop game-based interactive modules among Matriculation Programme students. A survey was conducted to obtain information from 24 lecturers who teach Physics DP014 course from seven matriculation colleges. The questionnaire contains five primary constructs; demographics, topics that students find challenging to master, the use of the internet and electronic devices, the need to develop a game-based interactive module, and the factors that make game-based interactive modules suitable for matriculation colleges. Data were analysed descriptively to obtain percentage and mean values for all the items involved. The results found that game-based interactive modules among students of the Matriculation Programme should be carried out, especially for difficult topics for students to master. This needs analysis study can provide preliminary information related to the need for the development of game-based interactive modules in helping to improve the achievement of Matriculation Programme students, especially in physics subjects. Keywords: Need analysis, interactive module, game-based interactive module, physics, matriculation programme

92

BSE0041B

Keberkesanan Pemikiran Kritis dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT

Siti Sarah Muhammad Raflee* dan Lilia Halim

Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.


Abstrak

Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) menjadi fokus dalam pentaksiran bilik darjah. KBAT sering dikaitkan dengan soalan penyelesaian masalah pada aras tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, pengkaji mendapati penguasaan penyelesaian masalah KBAT masih di tahap sederhana dalam kalangan murid. Oleh itu, kajian bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan penerapan pemikiran kritis dalam penguasaan penyelesaian masalah KBAT dijalankan di peringkat sekolah. Tiga objektif khas bagi kajian ini ialah (i) mengenal pasti item yang sukar dijawab oleh murid, (ii) mengenal pasti punca-punca murid sukar menguasai penyelesaian masalah KBAT dan (iii) melihat pencapaian murid menyelesaikan soalan-soalan KBAT setelah intervensi Kaedah Cungkil + Cetus dilaksanakan. Reka bentuk kajian yang digunakan ialah kajian tindakan. Sampel yang terdiri daripada persampelan bertujuan melibatkan murid-murid tingkatan tiga yang lemah atau gagal dalam pentaksiran bilik darjah bagi mata pelajaran Sains. Kaedah Cungkil + Cetus digunakan dalam kaedah pengajaran guru untuk membimbing murid menyelesaikan masalah KBAT secara sistematik dan berkesan. Bagi melihat perubahan penyelesaian murid terhadap masalah berbentuk KBAT selepas menggunakan Kaedah Cungkil + Cetus, data dikumpulkan melalui perbandingan ujian pra dan ujian pasca, catatan pemerhatian melalui catatan diari dan temu bual separa berstruktur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa murid-murid masih lemah menguasai soalan-soalan yang berbentuk membuat inferens dan ramalan. Beberapa punca murid lemah semasa menjawab soalan KBAT dikenal pasti iaitu kurang yakin menjawab soalan KBAT, anggapan soalan KBAT susah dan menganggap soalan KBAT memerlukan jawapan yang panjang. Dapatan ujian pra dan ujian pasca menunjukkan peningkatan pencapaian pentaksiran Sains sebanyak 40%. Ini disokong oleh hasil temu bual yang menunjukkan murid lebih yakin untuk menjawab soalan KBAT apabila dibimbing oleh rakan dan guru. Hasil kajian ini diharap dapat menyumbang kepada pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam bilik darjah di samping dapat menambah baik amalan guru dalam membantu murid menyelesaikan masalah KBAT. Kata kunci: Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi, KBAT, pemikiran kritis, penyelesaian masalah


93

BSE0045B

Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri WAO bagi Topik Penyerapan Sains Tahun Satu

Nur Raihana Mohd Razak1*, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud2, Nurul Hazwani Ariffin1 dan Norazilawati

Abdullah1

1Jabatan Pengajian Pendidikan, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Jabatan Fizik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstrak Pembelajaran menggunakan modul merupakan salah satu kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah (PdPR) yang boleh dilaksanakan untuk membantu guru bagi mengajar subjek Sains. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk membangunkan modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO (water absorption object) bagi topik Penyerapan Sains Tahun Satu. Modul ini dibangunkan berasaskan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing. Pembangunan kandungan modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO melibatkan dua fasa iaitu fasa pembangunan dan fasa penilaian tetapi artikel ini hanya membincangkan fasa pembangunan modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO. Modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO yang dibangunkan terdiri daripada tiga unit iaitu Unit 1 (objek menyerap air), Unit 2 (jenis bahan dan keupayaan menyerap air) dan Unit 3 (objek menyerap air dan kehidupan seharian). Modul ini dijangka dapat menarik minat murid untuk mempelajari subjek Sains, menggalakkan penglibatan pelajar secara aktif ketika sesi PdPR dan meningkatkan kefahaman pelajar bagi topik Penyerapan. Implikasi kajian ini ialah modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO yang dibangunkan boleh digunakan sebagai modul pembelajaran untuk sesi PdPR. Kata kunci: Pembangunan, modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO, topik Penyerapan, Sains Tahun Satu

94

BSE0046B Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri Berasaskan Projek bagi Topik Keseimbangan

Ekosistem untuk Sains Tahun Satu

Nurul Hazwani Ariffin1*, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud2, Nur Raihana Mohd Razak1 dan Norazilawati Abdullah1

1Jabatan Pengajian Pendidikan, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Jabatan Fizik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung



Abstrak Pembelajaran berasaskan projek merupakan salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dilaksanakan untuk menarik minat murid dan meningkatkan kefahaman mereka terhadap konsep Sains yang dipelajari. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan satu modul pembelajaran kendiri berasaskan projek bagi topik Keseimbangan Ekosistem untuk Sains Tahun Satu. Modul ini dibangunkan dengan mengintegrasikan empat standard kandungan untuk Sains Tahun Satu iaitu bahagian tumbuhan, bentuk muka bumi, tanah dan binaan daripada bongkah dan bentuk asas. Modul ini dibangunkan berdasarkan strategi pembelajaran berasaskan projek yang melibatkan penghasilan buku skrap dan pembinaan model taman berbentuk diorama. Pembangunan modul ini melibatkan dua fasa iaitu fasa pembangunan dan fasa penilaian. Kajian ini hanya memfokuskan pada fasa pembangunan modul pembelajaran kendiri sahaja. Modul pembelajaran ini dijangka dapat menarik minat murid Tahun Satu untuk mempelajari subjek Sains serta menerapkan kemahiran saintifik dan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam diri mereka. Implikasi kajian ini ialah modul pembelajaran kendiri berasaskan projek ini dapat membantu guru dalam pelaksanaan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah sebagai alternatif pembelajaran norma baharu. Kata kunci: Pembangunan, Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri, Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek, Keseimbangan Ekosistem, Sains Tahun Satu

95

BSE0095B

The Level of Knowledge and Perception of Secondary School Students on i-Think in Merlimau District Malacca

Muhammad Hafizzi Saiman and Mai Shihah Abdullah*

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,



Abstract This study was carried out to identify the level of students’ knowledge and perception as well as to compare between genders on the i-Think in Merlimau district, Malacca. A survey design was employed using a five-point Likert Scale structured questionnaire, modification from the previous study. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling involving 343 forms one, two and four students. Descriptive analysis was conducted to find the mean and percentage, while inferential analysis using Pearson correlation, ANOVA, t-test and post-hoc to determine the relationship between knowledge and perception of i-Think. This study demonstrated the form four students had the highest knowledge level of 83.72 percent (excellent) followed by form two and form one students with a value of 82.46 percent (excellent) and 79.49 percent (good) respectively. The perceptions level among the respondents towards i-Think was moderately high and uniform (mean value of 3.01 – 4.00). Female students’ knowledge was higher (mean value of 3.66) than male (mean value of 3.54). The study also found that there was a significant difference between the level of knowledge and perception of male and female students with significant values of 0.007 and 0.001 respectively. This study concludes that i-Think is well received by students. Hence, these findings have the potential to be benchmarked on the status of i-Think implementation in Malaysia, particularly in Malacca. Continuous monitoring should be carried out to view its consistency among students. This study implicates that i-Think should be used to enhance the students' content knowledge on a larger scale. Keywords: i-Think knowledge, i-Think perception, thinking tools, science

96

BST0009B

Hubungan Kompetensi Guru Tadika Swasta dengan Pelaksanaan Pendidikan STEM di Daerah Hulu Langat

Nurul Hasni Sukri* dan Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud

Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.


Abstrak Guru berperanan sangat penting dalam mendidik murid sejak di bangku prasekolah. Guru yang kompeten merupakan guru yang mempunyai amalan pedagogi yang tinggi, efikasi kendiri yang tinggi serta pengetahuan yang mendalam dalam subjek yang diajar bagi menghasilkan pelajar yang kreatif dan inovatif khususnya dalam bidang STEM. Kompetensi guru tadika swasta yang rendah boleh memberikan impak yang besar terhadap pelaksanaan Pendidikan STEM di dalam bilik darjah. Justeru, kajian dilaksanakan bagi mengenalpasti hubungan kompetensi guru tadika swasta ke atas pelaksanaan pendidikan STEM di tadika. Kaedah kajian berbentuk tinjauan dipilih dengan mengagihkan soal selidik secara rawak kepada seramai 72 orang guru tadika swasta yang mempunyai latar belakang akademik dan pengalaman mengajar yang berbeza. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan linear positif yang tinggi antara min kompetensi dan min pelaksanaan pendidikan STEM. Justeru, sokongan padu wajar diberikan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) dalam menyediakan modul khas atau latihan profesionalisme dalam pendidikan STEM kepada guru swasta bagi meningkatkan kompetensi guru. Kesimpulannya, kompetensi guru yang tinggi akan melancarkan pelaksanaan pendidikan STEM dalam PdP. Kata kunci: Kompetensi guru, pendidikan STEM, guru tadika

97

BST0030B

A Systematic Literature Review with Bibliometric Meta-Analysis of Ai Technology Adoption in Education

Maran Chanthiran, Abu Bakar Ibrahim* and Mohd Hishamuddin Abdul Rahman

Department of Computing, Faculty of Art, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan

Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract

Education has undergone various developments and changes according to the current’s world circulation as well as the development of technology and science. Covid-19 has realized the aspirations of every national government in optimizing the use of current technology in education. The use of technology in education for the purpose of teaching and collaborating with students has been remembered as a whole. The use of the Artificial Intelligent (Ai) has become a trend in 21st-century education in providing learning aids that are technological and digital. The purpose of this systematic survey is to identify peer-reviewed literature on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligent (Ai) in education among educators. Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE citation databases are used in the data-gathering phase. PRISMA approach and keyword search were extracted and analysed. This bibliographic data of articles published in the journals over the seven years were extracted. VOS viewer was used to analysing the data contained in all journals. The findings show that studies are showing the use and acceptance of Ai technology in education. Also shows the use of this technology has a positive effect in mastering a subject among students. However, there is still room to optimize its usability in education, which is currently in the 4.0 education shift in line with the development of the Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, bibliometric analysis, educational technology, meta-analysis

98

BST0043B

Effects of Polya Model Adaptation in the Teaching and Learning of Programming Algorithms on Student Achievement in Matriculation College

Jamilah Hamid1, Saira Banu Omar Khan1, Zafirah Mohd Adnan1 and Ummu Salmah Mohamad

Hussin2

1Department of Computer, Faculty of Art, Computing & Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Information Technology Department, Sultan Azlan Shah University, Kuala Kangsar, Perak.


Abstract Literature review shows that students with poor problem-solving skills in programming fail to obtain good results in programming subject. Polya model is quite well-known problem-solving method in mathematics field. However, in programming subject this method is uncommon. Therefore, purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Polya Model adaptation in teaching and learning (T&L) programming algorithm on students’ achievement in Matriculation College. A quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test was conducted to assess student achievement consisting of 30 students using random sampling method. The intervention was implemented for seven weeks on two groups of students: control and treatment. In first group, lecturer used conventional method in T&L, and Polya Model adaptation for second group. Research instruments used for pre-test and post-test consisting of six subjective questions; categorized to three levels (easy, intermediate, and difficult) based on Bloom taxonomy. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Results of t-test showed that there was a significant mean difference between the post-test achievement between 2 groups (t (28) = 6.39, p = 0.00, p <0.05). Furthermore, there is a wide gap of achievement between these groups when it comes to answering difficult questions which requires the highest-level thinking skills. This shows that Polya Model adaptation method in programming algorithm T&L is effective for problem-solving skills especially in HOTS, hence improving students’ achievement. As a conclusion is that Polya Model adaptation can be used as one of the T&L methods in programming subject to overcome the difficulty of learning this subject. Keyword: Algorithm, Polya Model, teaching and learning, HOTS, problem-solving skills


99

BST0080B

A Green Electrochemistry Experimental Kit: Student’s Achievements on Lectrofun 2.0

Aisyah Mohamad Sharif1*, Ong Suu Wan1, Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim1, Lee Tien Tien1, Suzaliza Mustafar1, Mohamad Saufi Rosmi1, Mohd Zurin Mahmood1 and Murbangun Nuswowati2


Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Chemistry Education Study Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and

Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang.


Abstract The study aimed at developing and evaluating a simple green electrochemistry experimental kit named Lectrofun 2.0. Lectrofun 2.0 is an educational kit equipped with a module built with the criteria of user-friendly, cost-effective, and laboratory free. The basic concept of electrochemistry was introduced through a guided learning approach via the module. The objectives of this research were to (1) develop Lectrofun 2.0 module using green chemicals, recyclable and easily accessible materials and (2) evaluate the module effectiveness in terms of student achievement/understanding of the Electrochemistry topic. This is a Design and Development Research (DDR) using the ADDIE model as an instructional design model. The development phase involves the first objective of the study, while the evaluation phase involves the second objective. Total of 46 respondents of pre-post tests were involved in evaluating effectiveness of Lectrofun 2.0 in terms of student achievement/understanding of the topic. The findings showed that 73.9% of students from the treatment group showed 4-grade increment (from grade E to grade A). This study showed that Lectrofun 2.0 has a significant impact on enhancing learner comprehension of Electrochemistry topic, enjoyment in learning, and learning to care for the environment. Keywords: Green electrochemistry, chemistry, STEM education, teaching aid, soft skill

100

BST0083B Hello-Microbes: COVID-19 vs Soap Program in Enhancing Preschool Children Awareness

on COVID-19

Hamidah Idris1*, Mohd Nor Syahrir Abdullah2, Nur Nadhira Nadzaruddin1 and Noraida Othman3

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak.

2National Children Development Research Centre, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak

3Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur.


Abstract

The spike of COVID-19 cases in the country has become a major concern nowadays and all stakeholders need to take actions on preventing and controlling the spread of this pandemic. This includes educating and enhance awareness among young children on the importance of preventing the disease as they are vulnerable, and very fragile physically and emotionally. For this purpose, this study has been conducted to educate preschool children and increase their awareness about the COVID-19 and the importance of hand washing with soap using proper technique. An interactive 3D model of Corona Virus has been developed together with other teaching tools including videos, augmented reality application, activity booklet and experiment, and a series of program have been conducted to educate preschool children at a preschool located in Perak. A total of thirty preschool children involved in this workshop. For the purpose of this study, ten preschool children were selected to look at how this workshop using the 3D model of coronavirus can enhance their awareness about COVID-19. This study employed a qualitative method where the participants were being interviewed and observed how they wash their hands before and after the workshop. The interview and observation data revealed that children awareness about the purpose of wash hands using soap on preventing the virus increase. They are aware that soap can kill the virus and the importance of always washing their hands. The observation analysis also revealed that the children know the proper handwashing technique following the Ministry of Health procedure. This study showed that educating preschool children on preventing the COVID-19 using the 3D model can enhance their awareness and the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of the COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, STEM, Early childhood education


101

BST0109B

Exploring Science Teachers’ Instructional Practices: A Need Analysis for Scientist Teacher-Student Partnership (STSP) in Integrated STEM

Mohamad Hisyam Ismail1,2, Hidayah Mohd Fadzil1*, Rohaida Mohd Saat1 and Muhamad Furkan

Mat Salleh1,2

1Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2Science Education Department, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.


Abstract The declining number of students choosing STEM subjects and careers in Malaysia raised concern on the education system’s ability to produce sufficient human development for sound national development. Quality of teaching used to integrate STEM in the classroom practices often claimed as one of the main determinants to the issue. Concerning this issue, this qualitative study aims to investigate science teachers practices in integrating STEM in their classroom. Interviews were conducted with six science teachers represented three major disciplines (Biology, Physics, Chemistry) from various secondary schools in Malaysia. As part of a larger study, the objectives of this study mainly focusing on exploring the instructional practices by the teachers to integrate STEM content in their classrooms. This paper discusses three themes emerged from the interviews namely: instructional strategy, elements of STEM and issues of the practice. The study found that all science teachers have different strategies to integrate STEM into their classrooms such as inquiry and problem-based learning. To integrate STEM, the teachers mostly focus on embedding STEM skills through hands on activity or highlighting the real-life applications of the STEM concepts during lesson. Less emphasis was given on connecting concepts of different disciplines during teaching and learning and teacher-driven activity were amongst the issues discovered in teachers’ instructional practices. Despite their efforts, they admitted that they still lack skills to integrate STEM and need help from the experts, especially STEM practitioners like scientists and engineers. The study concludes in the needs of the science teachers for improving their delivery of the STEM subjects in more integrated manner. Keywords: Integrated STEM, instructional practices, scientist-teacher-student partnership (STSP), science teacher, teaching and learning

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