International Congress Center (Epochal Tsukuba) · 2018. 12. 26. · NARO-MARCO International Symposium 1 NARO-MARCO International Symposium “Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environmental

International Congress Center

(Epochal Tsukuba)

NARO-MARCO International Symposium

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“Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environmental Impacts in East Asia”

— 2nd International Conference of Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environmental Impacts in East Asia —

Date: November 19–22, 2018

Venue: Oral Session & JSSSPN Special Session (Poster Session)

Hall 200 & Room 202, 2nd Floor, International Congress Center (Epochal

Tsukuba)

(https://www.epochal.or.jp/eng/index.html)

Takezono 2-20-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan

Towards INMS Workshop I

Room “Tachibana”, 4th Floor, Okura Frontier Hotel <Main Bldg.>

(https://www.okura-tsukuba.co.jp/eng/)

Azuma 1-1364-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,305-0031, Japan

Towards INMS Workshop II

Room 202, 2nd Floor, Epochal Tsukuba

Organized by: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)

Monsoon Asia Agro-Environmental Research Consortium (MARCO)

Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (JSSSPN)

Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)

Supported by: Organizations

− Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)

− Ministry of the Environment

− Ibaraki Prefecture

− Tsukuba City

− National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

(AIST)

− Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest

Research and Management Organization

− Ibaraki University

− International Nitrogen Initiative (INI)

− International Union of Soil Science (IUSS)

− Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment

− The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan

− Japanese Society of Soil Physics

− Japanese Society of Biogeochemistry

− Japan Long Term Ecological Research Network (JaLTER)

Projects and activities

− Towards INMS (International Nitrogen Management System)

− International Decade of Soils 2015–2024

Rationale: Nitrogen is a prerequisite for all living things on earth. The remarkable population growth

and economic development of the past half century in East Asia have been realized with

a large increase in the anthropogenic production and use of “reactive nitrogen” for

https://www.epochal.or.jp/eng/index.html

https://www.okura-tsukuba.co.jp/eng/


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supplying food, energy, and other materials. However, negative impacts to the local,

regional, and global environments as a consequence of the excessive use of

anthropogenic reactive nitrogen have been concerned and the development of appropriate

management system of reactive nitrogen has been an urgent issue in East Asia and the

world.

The global-scale international project “Towards INMS” which aims at

maximizing the benefit and minimizing the threat from the use of reactive nitrogen has

been launched for the 4 year period from December 2017, led by the United Nations

Environment Program (UNEP) and implemented by the International Nitrogen Initiative

(INI). The Towards INMS activities include “Reginal Demonstration in East Asia” which

has been started in collaboration with the nitrogen experts from Japan, China, South

Korea, and the Philippines. However, much more researchers, policy makers, and all the

stakeholders from different areas are necessary and very welcome to voluntarily

participate to Towards INMS.

This Symposium will aim at:

− Share the current information and knowledge and exchange opinions

between participants on the nitrogen cycling and its environmental

impacts in East Asia and the world

− Discuss on the research results and future directions for solving the

regional and global scale nitrogen-related problems

− Contribute to Towards INMS project for realizing sustainable nitrogen

use through optimization of nitrogen cycling at various scales

− Provide a forum for planning future cooperation reinforcement between

participants, organizations, regions, and countries

This Symposium will be held as one of the activities of MARCO which was

organized on December 2006 in Tsukuba, Japan, according to the agreement of the

participants from 15 countries in Monsoon Asia. Since that, MARCO has promoted

international collaboration for advancing research activities on the issues of agriculture

and the environment in Monsoon Asia, by hosting a couple of international symposia or

workshops every year, setting up a website as a venue for exchanging consortium

information, and helping train the people who will carry on activities under the

consortium. For more information, visit

http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/archive/niaes/marco/index.html.

This Symposium is also positioned as the “2nd International Conference of

Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environmental Impacts in East Asia” to continue the series of

International Nitrogen Conference in East Asia, mainly supported by Towards INMS.

The first one have been held in Nanjing, China, on October 19–22, 2017; moreover, the

preliminary one had also been held in Tsukuba, Japan, on August 23–24, 2016.

This Symposium includes the Special Session (Poster Session) organized by

JSSSPN and will contribute to the international activities of the “International Decade of

Soils 2015–2024” by the International Union of Soil Science (IUSS).

This Symposium will also contribute to the world wide activities of the UN

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable

Development.

Website: http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/english/events/laboratory/niaes/081536.html

Registration: Free of charge for attending the Symposium, Special Session, Towards INMS Workshop,

and Scientific Field Excursion. Further information is available in the Symposium

website.

http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/archive/niaes/marco/index.html

http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/english/events/laboratory/niaes/081536.html


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Abstracts: All kinds of studies on “Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environmental Impacts” are invited to

submit an Abstract in English for Oral or Poster presentation. The template file of

Abstract is available in the Symposium website. The dead line of submission of Abstract

is October 1st.

Program: 19 Mon 14:00~18:00 Registration open, Poster setting, Icebreaker

18:00~21:00 Towards INMS Workshop I

20 Tue 9:00~17:00 Opening Session, Keynote Lectures, Oral & Poster

Sessions

17:40~19:00 Towards INMS Workshop II

19:00~21:00 Social Gathering

21 Wed 9:00~17:20 Keynote Lectures, Oral & Poster Sessions, General

Discussion & Wrap-up Session, Closing Remarks

22 Thu 8:00~18:00 Scientific Field Excursion

Keynotes: Prof. Wilfried Winiwarter, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

(IIASA), Austria

Prof. Xiaoyuan Yan, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, China

Prof. Timothy Jickells, University of East Anglia, UK

Committees: Organizing Committee

Chair Kentaro Hayashi, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Sadao Eguchi, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Hideaki Shibata, Hokkaido University, Japan

Kazuya Nishina, NIES, Japan

Xiaoyuan Yan, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, China

Xiaotang Ju, China Agricultural University, China

Baojing Gu, Zhejian University, China

Tohru Kawamoto, AIST, Japan

Yoshiko Iizumi, JIRCAS, Japan

Masahiro Kobayashi, FFPRI, Japan

Yuko Itoh, FFPRI, Japan

Hisao Kuroda, Ibaraki University, Japan

Xiaolan Lin, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, (TUAT) Japan

Takeshi Gounai, Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Center,

Japan

Tatsumi Kitamura, Ibaraki Kasumigaura Environmental Science Center,

Japan

Seiko Yoshikawa, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Yasuhiro Nakajima, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO,

Japan

Kei Asada, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Hikaru Uno, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Saeko Yada, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Nanae Hirano, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Shin-Ichiro Mishima, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO,

Japan

Takeshi Tokida, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Yusuke Takata, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan


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Toshiaki Ohkura, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Kaoru Abe, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Scientific Committee

Chair Kazuyuki Inubushi, Chiba University, Japan

Kentaro Hayashi, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Xiaotang Ju, China Agricultural University, China

Xiaoyuan Yan, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, China

Baojing Gu, Zhejian University, China

Yowhan Son, Korea University, Korea

Woo-Kyun Lee, Korea University, Korea

Sadao Eguchi, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

Xinyu Guo, Ehime University, Japan

Atsushi Hayakawa, Akita Prefectural University, Japan

Yuhei Hirono, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Japan

Genki Katata, Institute for Global Change Adaptation Science, Ibaraki

University, Japan

Koki Maeda, JIRCAS, Japan

Kazuyo Matsubae, Tohoku University, Japan

Kazuhide Matsuda, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan

Akinori Mori, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Japan

Tetsuya Namba, AIST, Japan

Kazuya Nishina, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Azusa Oita, Tohoku University, Japan

Hiroki Sasaki, Policy Research Institute, MAFF, Japan

Hideaki Shibata, Hokkaido University, Japan

Junko Shindo, University of Yamanashi, Japan

Eiji Yamasue, Ritsumeikan University, Japan


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Conference Overview

Time 19 Mon 20 Tue 21 Wed 22 Thu

8:00 AM

8:30 AM

9:00 AM

10:00 AM

11:00 AM

12:00 PM

1:00 PM

2:00 PM

3:00 PM

4:00 PM

5:00 PM

6:00 PM

7:00 PM

8:00 PM

Session 1: Global nitrogen cycling and regional perspective in East Asia (Nov. 20, Tue 9:20-11:50)

Session 2: Nitrogen cycling and human impacts realities across different media and ecosystems (Nov. 20, Tue 14:00-17:00)

Session 3: Reactive nitrogen creation and control by natural processes and human technologies (Nov. 21, Wed 9:00-12:00)

Session 4: Policy challenges for optimizing nitrogen use efficiency towards sustainable production systems (Nov. 21, Wed 14:10-15:10)

JSSSPN Special Session (Poster Session)

(13:30~13:40, Scientific Committee Meeting)

General Discussion & Wrap-up

Closing Session

Oral-22

Dr. Hiroki Sasaki (Japan)

Oral-23

Prof. Baojing Gu (China)

Towards INMS

Workshop I

"East Asia Demonstration"

at the BanquetRoom

“Tachibana”, 4th Floor,

Okura Frontier Hotel

<Main Bldg.>Social Gathering

(1F, Restaurant ESPOIR)


"East Asia Demonstration"

at the Banquet Room “Tachibana”,

4th

Floor, Okura Frontier Hotel <Epochal Bldg.>

Oral-6 (Keynote 3)

Prof. Timothy Jickells (UK)

Oral-7

Prof. Gil Jacinto (The Philippines)

Oral-8

Prof. Woo-Kyun Lee (Korea)

Oral Session Hall (Hall 200) & Poster Session

Room (Room 202) open

Oral-21

Mr. Ignacio Santillana (The Philippines)

Coffee Break

Oral-17

Prof. Xuejun Liu (China)

Lunch Break

Oral-20

Prof. Shenqiang Wang (China)

Oral-19

Dr. Tohru Kawamoto (Japan)

Oral-18

Prof. Sheng Zhou (China)

Oral-2 (Keynote 2)

Prof. Xiaoyuan Yan (China)

Oral-1 (Keynote 1)

Prof. Wilfried Winiwarter (Austria)

Oral-3

Prof. Yowhan Son (South Korea)

Oral-4

Mr. Kiwamu Katagiri (Japan)

Oral-5

Dr. Azusa Oita (Japan)

Oral-9

Prof. Eric Hobbie (Japan)

Oral-10

Prof. Feng Zhou (China)

Registration open at

Poster Session Room

(Room 202)

14:00~17:00 on 19 Nov.

Poster Set-up

(Posters are kept put-on

the poster panel

throughout the

Symposium)

Ice Breaker at

Poster Session Room

(Room 202)

Oral-11

Dr. Tuong Van Ngoc Hoang (Japan)

Oral-12

Dr. Jin Fu (China)

Coffee BreakCoffee Break

Break

Coffee Break

Group Photo & Lunch Break


< Core time for all the poster presenters>


Scientific Field Excursion

(Bus Tour)

Departure: Epochal

Tsukuba at 8:00

Visit the Horticultural

Research Institute, Ibaraki

Agricultural Center at 9:00

(2.5 hrs for lecture and

visiting monitoring field)

Departure at 11:45

Visit the Tomobe S.A. on

the Joban Highway at

11:45 (1 hr for lunch and

souvenir)

Departure at 12:45

Visit the Ibaraki

Kasumigaura

Environmental Science

Center at 13:30

(2.5 hrs for lecture,

exhibision and visiting lotus

field)

Departure at 16:00

Return to Epochal Tsukuba

at 17:00

Please enjoy the taste of

food and realize the

nitrogen footprint of the

agricultural and livestock

products of Ibaraki

Prefecture!

Oral-13

Dr. Tetsuya Nanba (Japan)

Oral-14

Dr. Yoko Masuda (Japan)

Oral-15

Dr. Abdolmajid Lababpour (Iran)

Oral-16

Dr. Parajuli Durga (Japan)

Registration open at Oral Session Hall (Hall 200)

during 8:30~16:00 on 20 Nov.

Poster set-up at Poster Session Room (Room 202)

(Posters are kept put-on the poster panel throughout

the Symposium)

Opening Session


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Mon. 19, 18:00-21:00

Tsukuba Epochal

NARO-MARCO International Symposium Mon. 19 14:00 – Wed. 17:20

Towards INMS Workshop II Tue. 20 17:40-19:00

Meeting Place for Scientific Excursion Thu. 22 8:00


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“Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environmental Impacts in East Asia”

— 2nd International Conference of Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environmental

Impacts in East Asia —

PROGRAM

Overview of the Schedule from Monday 19 to Thursday 22 November 2018

Venue:

Oral & Poster Session Hall 200 (Oral) & Room 202 (Poster), 2nd Floor,

International Congress Center (Epochal Tsukuba)

Loc. Takezono 2-20-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan

H.P. https://www.epochal.or.jp/eng/index.html

Towards INMS Workshop I Room “Tachibana”, 4th Floor, Okura Frontier Hotel <Main Bldg.>

Loc. Takezono 2-20-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,305-0032, Japan

H.P. https://www.okura-tsukuba.co.jp/eng/

Towards INMS Workshop II Room 202, 2nd Floor, Epochal Tsukuba

Registration

13:00 Staff meeting & preparation

14:00 Registration open at Poster Session Room (Room 202)

Poster set-up (Room 202 is open for browsing Posters during 14:00–21:00 on Nov. 19)

16:00 Icebreaker at Poster Session Room (Room 202)


18:00 Towards INMS Workshop I


Voluntary participation to the Workshop is very welcome!

21:00 Closing

Monday, November 19

Registration

https://www.epochal.or.jp/eng/index.html


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08:30 Registration open at Oral Session Hall (Hall 200) during 8:30~16:00

Opening Session

09:00 Opening address

Dr. Makoto Nakatani

Senior Vice-President of NARO, Japan

Greeting from JSSSPN

Prof. Kazuyuki Inubushi

President of JSSSPN, Japan

Greeting from JIRCAS

Dr. Satoshi Tobita

Program Director of JIRCAS, Japan

Congratulatory message from MAFF

Mr. Kazuhiko Shimada

Research Councillor of the Secretariat of AFFRC (Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries Research Councillor), MAFF, Japan

Session 1: Global nitrogen cycling and regional perspective in East Asia

Moderator: Kentaro Hayashi, Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.,

NARO, Japan

Baojing Gu, Zhejiang Univ., China

09:20 Oral–1 【Keynote 1】Nitrogen budgets: New insights in environmental transfers of

reactive nitrogen compounds

Prof. Wilfried Winiwarter

IIASA, Austria

09:50 Oral–2 【Keynote 2】What determines the fate of nitrogen applied to croplands

Prof. Xiaoyuan Yan

Inst. Soil Sci., CAS, China

10:20 Coffee Break

10:50 Oral–3 【Invited】A modeling approach toward estimating the national carbon and

nitrogen pools in pinus densiflora forests across South Korea

Prof. Yowhan Son

Korea Univ., South Korea

11:10 Oral–4 Material flow analysis of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen in Japan

Mr. Kiwamu Katagiri

Tohoku Univ., Japan

Tuesday, November 20

Symposium 1st day


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11:30 Oral–5 Food nitrogen footprints trends and food nitrogen trading in China, India, and

Japan

Dr. Azusa Oita

Tohoku Univ., Japan

11:50 Group Photo & Lunch Break

13:00~14:00 JSSSPN Special Session (Poster Session)



Session 2: Nitrogen cycling and human impacts realities across different media and ecosystems

Moderator: Xiaotang Ju, China Agric. Univ., China

Hideaki Shibata, Hokkaido Univ., Japan

14:00 Oral–6 【Keynote 3】Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the oceans

Prof. Timothy Jickells

Univ. of East Anglia, UK

14:30 Oral–7 【Invited】Nutrient loading in episodically hypoxic Manila Bay, Philippines

Prof. Gil Jacinto

Univ. Philippines, The Philippines

14:50 Oral–8 【Invited】Impact of deforestation on total soil nitrogen (TSN) and agro-

environmental variables in cropland, North Korea

Prof. Woo-Kyun Lee

Korea Univ., South Korea

15:10 Coffee Break

15:40 Oral–9 Does nitrate use control differential sensitivity of ectomycorrhizal fungi to

nitrogen deposition? Insights from field and laboratory studies

Prof. Eric Hobbie

Cent. Ecol. Res., Kyoto Univ., Japan

16:00 Oral–10 Improved Jayaweera-Mikkelsen model to quantify ammonia volatilization

from rice paddy fields in China

Prof. Feng Zhou

Col. Urban Environ. Sci., Peking Univ., China

16:20 Oral–11 Nitrous oxide emissions from tropical agricultural soil with high ammonium

input under aerobic conditions

Dr. Tuong Van Ngoc Hoang

Okayama Univ., Japan

16:40 Oral–12 Importance of subsurface fluxes of water, nitrogen and phosphorus from

paddy rice fields relative to surface runoff

Dr. Jin Fu

Peking Univ., China

17:00 Break


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17:40 Towards INMS Workshop II


Voluntary participation to the Workshop is very welcome!

19:00 Social Gathering (1F, Restaurant ESPOIR)

21:00 Closing


08:30 Registration open at Oral Session Hall (Hall 200) during 8:30~16:00

Session 3: Reactive nitrogen creation and control by natural processes and human technologies

Moderator: Yowhan Son, Korea Univ., South Korea

Koki Maeda, JIRCAS, Japan

09:00 Oral–13 Ammonia synthesis by using hydrogen produced from renewable energy

Dr. Tetsuya Nanba

AIST, Japan

09:20 Oral–14 Nitrogen fixing activity of iron reducing bacteria in paddy soils: potent agents

for low nitrogen rice production in East Asia

Dr. Yoko Masuda

Univ. Tokyo, Japan

09:40 Oral–15 Estimating the exergy of biocrust nitrogen compounds and its application in

the exergetic evaluation of soil restoration technologies

Dr. Abdolmajid Lababpour

Shahaye Hoveizeh Univ. Tech., Iran

10:00 Oral–16 Potential of metal hexacyanoferrates for recovering dissolved ammonia

Dr. Parajuli Durga

AIST, Japan

10:20 Coffee Break

10:40 Oral–17 Emission, deposition and air quality impacts of atmospheric reactive nitrogen

Prof. Xuejun Liu

China Agric. Univ., China

11:00 Oral–18 Effects of biochar amendment on vegetable production and its environmental

impacts in Shanghai, China

Prof. Sheng Zhou

Eco-Environ. Protec. Res. Inst., SAAS, China

Wednesday, November 21

Symposium 2nd day


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11:20 Oral–19 NH3 removal at livestock farm with adsorbent for the reduction of NH3

emission and for the improvement of breeding efficiency

Dr. Tohru Kawamoto

AIST, Japan

11:40 Oral–20 Studies of characteristics of nutrient inputs and nitrogen and phosphorus

reduction technologies in orchards in Taihu Lake watershed

Prof. Shenqiang Wang

Inst. Soil Sci., CAS, China

12:00 Lunch Break

13:00~14:10 JSSSPN Special Session (Poster Session)



Session 4: Policy challenges for optimizing nitrogen use efficiency towards sustainable production

systems

Moderator: Kazuya Nishina, NIES, Japan

Morihiro Maeda, Okayama Univ., Japan

14:10 Oral–21 【Invited】Policy formulation and adoption of sustainable sugarcane cultivation

system in The Philippines

Mr. Ignacio Santillana

Sugar Regula. Admin., The Philippines

14:30 Oral–22 Evaluating the environmental impact of agricultural policies in Japan:

Combination of farm level decision making model and stylized site-specific biophysical

model

Dr. Hiroki Sasaki

Policy Res. Inst. MAFF, Japan

14:50 Oral–23 Policy distortions, farm size, and the overuse of agricultural chemicals in

China

Prof. Baojing Gu

Zhejiang Univ., China

15:10 Coffee Break

General Discussion & Wrap-up

Moderator: Xiaoyuan Yan, Inst. Soil Sci., CAS, Japan

Kentaro Hayashi, Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.

NARO, Japan

15:30 General Discussion & Wrap-up

Closing Session

17:00 Closing address

Dr. Hideo Harasawa

Vice-President of NIES, Japan

17:20 Closing


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Scientific Field Excursion

Understanding nitrogen cycling and its environmental impacts in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

08:00 Leaving Epochal Tsukuba

09:00 Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Center (2.5 hour stay)

– Lecture on nitrogen use efficiency & nitrogen footprint of agricultural products

– Visiting monitoring field

– Tasting fruit & meat produced in Ibaraki Prefecture

11:45 The Tomobe S.A. on the Joban Highway (1 hour stay)

– Lunch Break & Shopping

13:30 Ibaraki Kasumigaura Environmental Science Center (2.5 hour stay)

– Visiting lotus paddy fields

– Lecture on water use & quality of the Lake Kasumigaura

– Seeing exhibition of the Museum in the Center

17:00 Return to Epochal Tsukuba

Note: Shuttle Bus (public transport) from Tsukuba Center Bus Terminal to Narita Airport should be

reserved by the day before the departure on the website (http://www.kantetsu.co.jp/bus_reserve/).

Or please ask your hotel front desk for the reservation of your Bus. Moreover, you should buy the

bus ticket by yourself at Tsukuba Center Bus Terminal.

Have a nice trip!

Thursday, November 22

Scientific Excursion

Thursday, November 23

Departure of Participants

http://www.kantetsu.co.jp/bus_reserve/


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Note: For activating the JSSSPN Special Session (Poster Session), the Secretariat of the Symposium is

planning to give the “Best Poster Award” to one (or more) Poster presenter(s). The Scientific

Committee will decide the “Best Poster Award” based on the fair discussion, in reference to the

voting results from all the participants.

Please vote for one Poster which you think the best!

P–1 Cancelled

P–2 Preliminary estimation of national nitrogen budget in South Korea: I. Agriculture

Jusub Kim

Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School,

Korea Univ., Korea

P–3 Case studies of reusing nitrogen-rich groundwater for crop production by a radiation-controlled

low- rate drip irrigation system

Seiko Yoshikawa

Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci., NARO, Japan

P–4 Analysing effectiveness of activities for conserving agro-environment to improve nutrient balances

in Korea

Seulbi Lee

Soil and Fertilizer Division, NAS, Korea

P–5 Estimation of nitrogen removal from swine wastewater in activated sludge systems using model

simulation

Miyoko Waki

Animal Waste Manage. & Environ. Res. Division, Inst. Livestock & Grassland Sci.,

NARO, Japan

P–6 Nitrogen fertilization in intensive horticultural systems in China: Challenges and opportunities

Jianbin Zhou

College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F Univ. / Key Lab. Plant

Nutr. & Agri-Environ. in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, China

P–7 Spatial and temporal variation of anthropogenic nitrogen inputs to the agricultural lands in China

Qinxue Wang

Centre for Regional Environmental Research, NIES, Japan

P–8 Nitrogen use efficiencies of milk and beef productions in Japan

Akinori Mori

Division of Grassland Farming, Inst. Livestock & Grassland Sci., NARO, Japan

Monday, November 19 ~ Wednesday, November 22



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P–9 Identification of N2O producer in dairy manure compost surface

Kouki Maeda

Dairy Res. Div., Natl. Agric. Res. Cent. Hokkaido Region, NARO / Present affiliation:

JIRCAS, Japan

P–10 Cancelled

P–11 Changes in nitrogen flows in cultivation and consumption of green tea in Japan

Yuhei Hirono

Division of Tea Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Japan

P–12 A study of runoff loads from lotus paddy fields after improvement of agricultural infrastructure

Wataru Iio

Ibaraki Kasumigaura Environmental Science Center, Japan

P–13 Global high-resolution maps of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use rate applied to cropland during

1961-2014

Qihui Wang

College of Urban and Environment, Peking Univ., China

P–14 Analysis of nitrate dynamics in a nitrogen saturated Japanese cedar and cypress forest using triple

oxygen isotopes

Midori Yano

Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto Univ., Japan

P–15 What is the suitable method for extracting NO2- from soils? Drawbacks of current methods

Megumi Kuroiwa

Dep. of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo Univ., Japan

P–16 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) coupled to Fe2+ oxidation in the paddy soil

Jinfang Li

Institute of Soil Science, CAS, China

P–17 Role of Microbial Assimilation of Soil NO3- in Reducing Soil NO3- Concentration

Yi Cheng

School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal Univ., China

P–18 Identifying groundwater nitrate sources in a rice paddy watershed in Japan: A stable isotopic study

Saeko Yada

Soil, Water and Nutrient Cycle Unit, Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci., NARO, Japan

P–19 Cancelled

P–20 Effects of nitrogen management and straw return on soil organic carbon sequestration and

aggregate-associated carbon

Tao Huang

College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural Univ., China


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P–21 Application of a process-based nitrogen cycling model: Focused on the Asian monsoon

Youngsun Kim

Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, KICT, Korea

P–22 Cancelled

P–23 Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil surfaces and their historical changes in East Asia: A

model-based assessment

Akihiko Ito

NIES, Japan

P–24 Effect of green manure application on nitrous oxide emission in a sugarcane cropland of Okinawa,

Japan

Tabito Maeda

Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Japan

P–25 Sulfur denitrification in riverbank soils derived from marine sedimentary rocks

Atsushi Hayakawa

Dep. Biological Environment, Fac. Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural Univ., Japan

P–26 Seasonal variation in soil microbial biomass nitrogen and mineralization activity in a beech forest

Kazumichi Fujii

Forest Soil Division, FFPRI, Forest Res. Manage.Org., Japan

P–27 Examination of analytical method for determining nitrite content in soil

Sadao Eguchi

Div. Biogeochemical Cycles, Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci., NARO (NIAES), Japan

P–28 Cancelled

P–29 Mitigating N2O emissions from agricultural soils by fungivorous mites

Haoyang Shen

Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Japan

P–30 Survey on clarification of the delay phenomenon of nitrogen leaching from upland fields

Hisao Kuroda

College of Agriculture, Ibaraki Univ., Japan

P–31 The effects of pH and O2 concentration to the abiotic transformations of NO2– in filter-sterilized

soil extracts

Naoto Tanaka

Dep. of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo Univ., Japan

P–32 Possible sources of ammonium in shallow groundwater of vegetable fields in Central Vietnam

Morihiro Maeda

Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama Univ., Japan

P–33 Application of nitrogen removal formula with improved temperature factor

Xiaolan Lin

TUAT, Japan


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P–34 Nitrogen removal rate of flooded paddy fields in Japan

Xiaolan Lin

TUAT, Japan

P–35 Relationship between atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition and plant species loss: A weight-

of-evidence investigation

Qun Wang

Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan

P–36 Effects of N deposition and soil nitrogen availability on nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) in forest trees

in Ibaraki, Japan

Ayumi Tanaka-Oda

Department of Forest Soils, FFPRI, Forest Res. Manage.Org., Japan

P–37 Cancelled

P–38 Regional assessment of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in East Asia using the dry deposition

inferential method

Satomi Ban

Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, Japan

P–39 Estimating carbon and nitrogen pools of 70-year-old Pinus densiflora forests in central Korea

with a forest carbon and nitrogen model

Hyungsub Kim

Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School,

Korea Univ., Korea

P–40 Improving denitrification models by including bacterial and periphytic biofilm in a shallow water-

sediment system

Yongqiu Xia

Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Inst. Soil Sci., CAS, China

Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, Japan

P–41 Preliminary estimation of national nitrogen budget in South Korea: II. Forest ecosystems

Gwangeun Kim

Dep. of Environ. Sci. & Ecol. Eng., Graduate School, Korea Univ., Korea

P–42 Can N loading mitigate the negative ozone effects on two-species larch seedlings?

Tetsuto Sugai

Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido Univ., Japan

P–43 Dissolved nitrogen dynamics in two forested watersheds with different atmospheric nitrogen

inputs in Ibaraki, Japan

Masahiro Kobayashi

FFPRI, Forest Res. Manage. Org., Japan

P–44 Evaluation of ecosystem services related with nitrogen dynamics in Japanese cedar plantations

Yoshiyuki Inagaki

Shikoku Research Center, FFPRI, Forest Res. Manage. Org., Japan


17

P–45 Composition influence on NH4 adsorption by sodium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (NaCoHCF)

Nan Zhang

School of Life and Environmental Science, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan

P–46 High Performance Catch & Release Properties of Ammonia Gas at High Temperature by using

Cobalt-HCC toward NH3 recovery technology in N-cycling

Tohru Nakamura

Nanomaterials Research Institute, AIST, Japan

P–47 Ammonium ion recovery system from sewage water for practical application by column-type

adsorbent of coper hexacyanoferrate

Hisashi Tanaka

Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), AIST, Japan

P–48 Summary of Japanese reactive nitrogen management policies

Kazuya Nishina

Regional Environmental Research Center, NIES, Japan

P–49 Development of guidance document for the N impact assessment methodology for humans and

nature

Hideaki Shibata

Hokkaido Univ., Japan

P–50 Making the guideline of Japanese nitrogen assessment

Kentaro Hayashi

Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci., NARO, Japan


18

INMS East Asia Regional Demonstration Workshop 2018

Date & Vanue:

Monday 19th November 2018, 18:00–21:00


(Pick-up micro bus departs from Epochal at 17:45 to the hotel)

Tuesday 20th November 2018, 17:40–19:00


Co-chairs of the East Asia Regional Demonstration, Towards INMS:

Kentaro Hayashi, (Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan)

Xiaoyuan Yan (Institute of Soil Science, CAS, China)

Agenda:

Monday 19th November 2018

18:00–18:30 Introduction of INMS and East Asia Demo (Kentaro Hayashi)

Goal and expected outputs of the workshop (Kentaro Hayashi)

Update in the Marrakesh Meeting in Nov. 2018 (Wilfried Winiwater)

18:30–19:45 Self-introduction (2–3 minutes orally from each participant)

1. Your research field(s) and research interests on nitrogen

2. Your possible contributions to or interactions with East Asia Demo

3. Your Progress regarding INMS (for whom already involved in)

19:45–20:00 Breaking calm before the storm

20:00–21:00 Brainstorming (all participants)

1. International research themes in East Asia

2. Collaborations in East Asia involving other entities

3. Stimulation of research in each country

4. Expansion to other countries in South East Asia

5. Any ideas occurring to you

*Brainstorming might be extended until 21:45 depending on the situation.

Tuesday 20th November 2018

17:40–18:20 Consolidating concrete research themes in East Asia Demo

(Kentaro Hayashi and Xiaoyuan Yan)

18:20–19:00 Convergence and wrapping up (Kentaro Hayashi)

1. Concrete research plan and schedule in East Asia Demo

2. Outputs expected (papers, assessments, and outreaches)

3. Next workshop: when, where, and who organizes

4. Relevant future meetings: INMS-4, N Conference, etc.

5. Any other business

*The summary of the workshop will be presented at “General Discussion & Wrap-up” from 15:30–17:00

on Wednesday 21st November 2018


November 20, Tue 9:20-11:50

Session 1:

Global nitrogen cycling and

regional perspective in East Asia


19

Nitrogen budgets: New insights in environmental transfers of reactive

nitrogen compounds

Wilfried Winiwarter1, 2,*

1 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria

2 Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Poland

*E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

INMS is a global project towards an International Nitrogen Management System. Its main aim is

to assess environmental impacts of nitrogen compounds and to investigate pathways to minimize such

impacts. Tools are provided that can be implemented on very different spatial and temporal levels, and

on diverse parts of the globe, taking advantage of highly developed infrastructure in some areas or

supporting the advancement of remotely operating or simply implementable systems that allow

quantification and verification of nitrogen flows and impacts. One key activity towards quantification

takes advantage of national nitrogen budgets. Statistical parameters typically available on a country level

are the key inputs to quantify nitrogen stocks and flows in environmental pools. Based on a consistent

and transparent methodology, comparison between sectors, countries, but also between years can be

implemented. Most interestingly, redundancy of information by assessing the identical flows using

information about different pools will identify limits in the general understanding of environmental

behavior of nitrogen compounds. Examples of comparisons between different countries, and of highly

dynamic behavior involving temporary stock changes in the environment will demonstrate the strengths

of this methodology to trace nitrogen related processes and identify the responsible release points. With

successful implementation on a country scale, investigation of other scales (regional/urban; institutional)

may receive further interest.

Keywords: nitrogen budgets, nitrogen pools, stock-flow modelling, policy support

Oral-1

mailto:[email protected]


20

What determines the fate of nitrogen applied to croplands

Xiaoyuan Yan1,*

1 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China


ABSTRACT

The main factors affecting the loss, legacy and uptake of nitrogen applied to cropland are discussed.

Oral-2



21

A modeling approach toward estimating the national carbon and nitrogen

pools in Pinus densiflora forests across South Korea

Hyungsub Kim1,※, Jongyeol Lee2, Seongjun Kim2, Seung Hyun Han1, Yowhan Son1, *

1Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea

University, Korea

2Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Korea

※E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Forests are important carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools among terrestrial ecosystems, and C and

N cycles are tightly connected. As Pinus densiflora comprises more than 23% (1,785,600 ha) of South

Korean forestlands, understanding C and N cycles of the species is important. Therefore, this study

aimed to quantify C and N pools of P. densiflora forests across South Korea from 1950 to 2015 using

IFCANC (Integrated Forest CArbon and Nitrogen Cycle) model, which simulates C and N pools. The

simulation units covered 1,116 of 4,271 NFI (National Forest Inventory) plots, where the major species

is P. densiflora, and each unit represented a forest of 1600 ha. The national scale dataset including

temperature, precipitation, net radiation, N deposition, and soil texture were utilized to consider the

spatial variation among the units. In addition, each unit was initialized by spin-up process with clear-cut

scenario. The simulated total C and N pools by the IFCANC model were 222 Tg C and 6.00 Tg N,

respectively. The simulated C pools (124.34 Mg C ha-1) were higher than the NFI data (106.10 Mg C

ha-1), yet the simulated N pools (3.36 Mg N ha-1) were lower than the NFI data (5.91 Mg N ha-1). The

simulated C and N pools decreased during the first 17 years representing C and N sources (-0.02 Mg C

ha-1 yr-1 and -6.17 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively). After the first 17 years, the P. densiflora forests turned

into C and N sinks (1.23 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 and 4.6 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively) due to the successful

reforestation. This study could contribute to reporting the national C and N pools and to assessing C and

N status in South Korean forests.

Keywords: forest carbon and nitrogen, IFCANC model, National Forest Inventory, Korean red pine

Acknowledgement: This study was supported by Ministry of Environment (2014001310008) and

Korea Forest Service (2017044B10-1819-BB01).

Oral-3



22

Material flow analysis of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen in Japan

Kiwamu Katagiri1,*, Azusa Oita2, Kazuyo Matsubae2, Tetsuya Nagasaka1

1 Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan

2 Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Japan


ABSTRACT

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) used for economic activities initially takes a form of ammonia (NH3-N),

and is ever-present in our daily lives, not only as fertilizers, but also as chemical products. Under the

Paris agreement, demand for ammonia used, for example, for light emitting diodes (LEDs) and as a

carrier of hydrogen, is increasing in a transition to a low carbon society. It is necessary to understand

features and trends of ammonia and downstream Nr demand for analyzing their impacts in the future.

The purpose of this study is to understand characteristics and changes in Nr demand with future

economic and technical trends in Japan. Material flow analysis (MFA) was used to examine changes in

flows of Nr over time.

The main results of our Nr flow analysis are as follows: 898 Gg-N (Gg = 109 g; 2005) and 775 Gg-

N (2015) from food & feed to household use; 632 Gg-N (2005) and 500 Gg-N (2015) of fertilizer; and

28.6 Gg-N (2005) and 68.3 Gg-N (2015) of recoveries from sewage sludge to fertilizer respectively. The

Nr flows related to food and feed, chemical industry, and fertilizers decreased from 2005 to 2015 (food

and feed 13%, chemical industry 26%, and fertilizer 7%). In spite of downturn in Nr demand in chemical

industry, industrial usage (884 Gg-N in 2005 to 623 Gg-N in 2015; e.g., chemical products) still accounts

for more than 50% of the total NH3-N demand in Japan (1,262 Gg-N in 2005 and 958 Gg-N in 2015),

which is much higher than its global share of 20%. Interestingly, the NH3-N flow to the semiconductor

industry accounted for 0.21%, 0.57% and 1.03% of the industrial use in 2005, 2011, and 2015

respectively. In the future, management of NH3-N will be even more essential in controlling the Nr flows.

Keywords: reactive nitrogen, industry, material flow analysis, ammonia

Oral-4



23

Food nitrogen footprints trends and food nitrogen trading in China, India,

and Japan

Azusa Oita1,*, Tapan K Adhya2, Elizabeth Webeck3, Kazuyo Matsubae1

1 Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Japan

2 School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, India

3Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan


ABSTRACT

Food production and consumption has many environmental impacts, including nitrogen (N)

pollution and the emission of reactive N (Nr; all N species except inert gas of N2). Food consumption

patterns change over time with dietary changes associated with economic development and urbanization.

The N footprint is an indicator to quantify how much both virtual and real Nr is emitted to the

environment as a result of resource consumption. In this study, we use statistical data and literature to

examine the food N footprints of China, India, and Japan from 1961 to 2013 in relation to the changing

diet of these three different food cultures in South and East Asia. Our preliminary results of the per

capita annual N footprint analysis reveal significant differences between the three countries. The

fluctuation and significant rise of the N footprint in China (6.3–7.0 kg-N in 1960s and 1970s to 29.3 kg-

N in 2013) is due to the higher consumption of pig and poultry meat and vegetables. The N footprint of

India, a country with a large population of vegetarians, slightly increased from 1960s (avg. 11.5 kg-N)

to 1980s (avg. 12.6 kg-N) due to the rise in milk, fish and seafood consumption and has been fluctuating

since the 1990s (12.6–13.6 kg-N). Japan’s N footprint showed a gradual increase from 1960s (avg. 10.7

kg-N), through the 1980s (avg. 14.4 kg-N), and peaked in 1995 (16.4 kg-N) before gradually declining

and becoming steady (avg. 15.2 kg-N) as the consumption of fish and seafood increased and then

declined along with a constant increase in the consumption of meat. The food N trading of major food

items was analysed to provide an overview of in-country and abroad Nr emissions. The overall analysis

contributes to a better understanding of the food N footprint in China, India and Japan.

Keywords: virtual nitrogen, food consumption, food trade, nitrogen management, South and East Asia

Oral-5


November 20, Tue 14:00-17:00

Session 2:

Nitrogen cycling and human

impacts realities across different

media and ecosystems


24

Atmospheric nitrogen Deposition to the oceans

Tim Jickells 1,* on behalf of GESAMP WG 38

1University of East Anglia, UK


ABSTRACT

In this talk I will report the work done by GESAMP WG 38 (an INMS partner) on estimating

atmospheric fixed nitrogen deposition to the oceans and their impact. I will consider global emission

estimates and also estimates of atmospheric fixed nitrogen deposition to the oceans. I will then compare

these atmospheric fluxes to those from rivers and biological nitrogen fixation and consider the effects

of this deposition on ocean biogeochemistry. In addition to this global perspective, I will consider in the

talk the area of south-east Asia particularly – a region of high N emissions and deposition where impacts

of this nitrogen deposition are being reported.

Oral-6



25

Nutrient Loading in Episodically Hypoxic Manila Bay, Philippines

Lara Patricia Sotto1, Gil S. Jacinto1, *, Arthur Beusen2, Lex Bouwman2, Cesar Villanoy1,

Mark Clutario3

1 Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines

2 Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences – Geochemistry, Utrecht University, The

Netherlands

3Department of Computer Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines


ABSTRACT

Manila Bay is a major port area adjacent to the megacity of Metro Manila, Philippines. The bay

receives the discharge from 4 major sub-watersheds with an aggregate area of about 19,000 km2 and

manifests eutrophic and episodic hypoxic conditions. We share results of a study that used a grid-

based scaled down version of the global nutrient export from watersheds (Global NEWS) model,

statistical data, land use maps, and coefficients to calculate the nutrient loads from the watershed. As

much as 66% of the total nitrogen (TN) and 59% of total phosphorus (TP) loading into Manila Bay are

derived from point or domestic sources while agriculture accounts for 22% of TN and 30% of TP.

Densely populated provinces contributed the majority of the domestic waste load while the rural

provinces that are associated with agricultural activities contributed most of the nutrient loads from

agriculture. Three major aspects of the nutrient loading problem were tested in the scenario building

forecasts: sewage connections and treatment, population growth rates, and phosphorus content

regulation in detergents. With the continued high population growth (driven principally by migration

into Metro Manila), nutrient loading from the domestic sector will continue to increase. Sewage

treatment will help decrease the nutrient load, but tertiary treatment may be required for a significant

decrease. However, in the short term, a ban on phosphorus content in detergents could help decrease

loads by almost as much as tertiary treatment, albeit at a lesser cost. The tool used in this study provided

a relatively quick way to assess the contributions of nutrient sources and to build scenarios and consider

options that may be useful for policymakers and management bodies.

Keywords: Global NEWS, sewage, detergents, nitrogen, phosphorus

Oral-7



26

Impact of deforestation on total soil nitrogen (TSN) and agro-

environmental variables in cropland, North Korea

Chul-Hee Lim1, Woo-Kyun Lee2,*



University, Korea


ABSTRACT

Deforestation in North Korea (PDRK) is becoming synonymous with the environmental change

occurring on the Korean Peninsula. The North Korean government has been converting forests mostly

to cropland, and understanding this process necessitates research on deforestation with a focus on

croplands. Through this research, we estimate the agro-environmental variables of North Korea’s total

croplands using a GEPIC (GIS based EPIC) model to analyze three land cover types over the past 30

years. To identify changes in the quality of agriculture, Total Soil Nitrogen (TSN), organic carbon loss,

and root zone soil water were studied as the agro-environmental variables having an impact on crop

productivity. Wind erosion, water erosion, and runoff were selected as the agro-environmental variables

having an impact on cropland stability. Using land cover maps that cover the past three decades, it was

found that 75 % of the forests converted became cropland, and that 69 % of all converted cropland came

from forests. This confirmed that there exists a significant correlation between deforestation and

cropland expansion in North Korea. The agro-environmental variables for the past 30 years clearly

demonstrate a decrease in TSN, and that wind erosion has had a significant impact on crops. The other

variables, however, were better explained as a result of spatial differences rather than impacts from

climate change or differences in crops. A quantitative comparison of the converted cropland expanded

through deforestation, with the original cropland, revealed a definite negative change in organic carbon

loss, water erosion, and runoff regardless of crops. The reason for such a change might be attributable

to the topographical characteristics of cropland converted from forests. In terms of nitrogen and soil

carbon, TSN decreased with climate change, and organic carbon decreased attributable to deforestation.

In addition, TSN and organic carbon could be further reduced by increase in runoff and soil erosion. In

other words, two variables related to agriculture nutrition are being reduced by climate and land use

change, which could have a direct impact on crop productivity.

Keywords: deforestation, total soil nitrogen (TSN), ago-environmental variables in cropland, cropland

expansion, GEPIC



Oral-8



27

Does nitrate use control differential sensitivity of ectomycorrhizal fungi to

nitrogen deposition? Insights from field and laboratory studies

Erik A. Hobbie1, 2,*

1 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan

2 Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, USA


ABSTRACT

Both nitrogen (N) fertilization experiments and laboratory studies can provide insights into responses

of natural ecosystems experiencing heavy N deposition. Responses of temperate and boreal forests to N

deposition are often mediated through symbiotic (ectomycorrhizal) fungi, although causes of differential

sensitivity of fungal taxa are poorly understood. Here, we assessed how nitrogen (N) availability affected

ectomycorrhizal functioning in two long-term (6-40 years) N addition experiments in Pinus sylvestris stands

in Sweden. Sporocarp production declined dramatically with N fertilization but recovered slowly after

fertilization stopped, with taxa with proteolytic capabilities particularly sensitive. Both sporocarp C/N and

soil C/N increased with fertilization, implying that N uptake per unit fungal growth increased and then

declined after fertilization had stopped. Fungal and soil 15N patterns across treatments identified fungal N

sources, with N acquisition primarily from the S horizon for Paxillus involutus and Suillus variegatus, from

the F horizon for four Cortinarius taxa and Lactarius rufus, and from the H horizon for Cortinarius traganus

and Russula aeruginea. Laboratory studies with ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris supplied with ammonium,

nitrate, or ammonium nitrate at low or high N availability suggested that taxa sensitive to N deposition may

have limited ability to assimilate nitrate and their supply of carbon (C) from host plants is consequently

reduced. These analyses illustrated that responses of fungal taxa across these fertilization gradients partially

depended on the horizon of N acquisition and on N acquisition strategies, and we propose that one fungal

mechanism of differential sensitivity to N deposition is the variable capability of taxa to use supplied nitrate

and resulting consequences for plant C supply.

Keywords: ectomycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen deposition, sensitivity, nitrogen isotopes, species responses

Oral-9



28

Improved Jayaweera-Mikkelsen model to quantify ammonia volatilization

from rice paddy fields in China

Xiaoying Zhan1, Chuan Chen2, Kentaro Hayashi3, Xiaotang Ju4, Shu Kee Lam5, Yonghua Wang1,

Qihui Wang1, Yali Wu1, Jin Fu1, Feng Zhou1,*

1 Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking

University, China

2 Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, China

3 Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture

and Food Research Organization, Japan

4 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, China

5 School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of

Melbourne, Australia


ABSTRACT

Current estimates of China’s ammonia (NH3) volatilization from paddy rice differ by more than

two-fold, mainly due to inappropriate application of chamber-based measurements and improper

assumptions within process-based models. Here we improved Jayaweera-Mikkelsen model through

modifying the concentration of aqueous NH3 in ponded water by an activity coefficient. The validity of

improved model was supported by high-frequency observations from six experimental stations across

China. We then attributed inter-model spreads arising from different approaches of NH3 volatilization

loss from the experimental sites and nationalwide. We found that the improved model could reduce the

deviation from ideal behavior of aqueous NH3 and reasonably capture the fluxes of NH3 transfer across

water-air interface. On average, nationwide NH3 volatilization from rice paddy fields accounted for

10.9% of the fertilizer N applied under current farm practices, which was less than chamber-based

estimations (16.0-21.1%) and process-based model simulation (13.3%). Difference in wind speed

between the inside and outside of the chamber and insufficient sampling frequency were identified as

the primary and secondary causes for the overestimation in chamber-based estimations, respectively.

The overestimations in previous model simulation mainly originated from exaggerated activity of

aqueous NH3. Together our findings suggest that in-depth understanding of NH3 transfer process and its

robust representation in models are critical for developing emission inventories and practical mitigation

strategy of NH3.

Keywords: Jayaweera-Mikkelsen model, nitrogen, dynamic chamber, model simulation, cropland

Oral-10



29

Nitrous oxide emissions from tropical agricultural soil with high

ammonium input under aerobic conditions

Hoang Ngoc Tuong Van 1,*, Morihiro Maeda 1

1 Okayama University, Japan


ABSTRACT

Increasing use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and compost to maximize crop yields in farming systems

resulted in increasing N losses through nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Most of the previous studies have

been conducted at temperature between 5-25℃ at low N application rates under anaerobic conditions.

Nitrous oxide emissions from tropical agricultural soil may be associated with high temperature. Our

studies were designed to determine interactive effects of high N application rates in different forms,

NH4+ and compost, and temperature on N2O emissions from tropical agricultural soil under aerobic

conditions over 28 days. Their interactions in tropical areas are very important and will provide useful

information on N management for tropical agriculture. Five-grams of air-dried soil, collected from a

vegetable cropping field site in Vietnam, were adjusted to 0, 400, 800, 1200 mg NH4+-N kg-1 as

(NH4)2SO4 or amended with 1%, 2% and 4% commercial compost (NH4+ added) / chicken compost at

60% water holding capacity were aerobically incubated at 25℃, 30℃ or 35℃ for 28 days. Mineral N

contents and N2O emission rates were determined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Nitrous oxide

emissions were from autotrophic nitrification, nitrifier denitrification and/or coupled nitrification-

denitrification. Cumulative N2O emissions were significantly affected by N input sources, N application

rates and temperature. Cumulative N2O emissions for 28 days increased with increasing NH4+

application rates between 0-800 mg N kg-1 or 1-2% (329-694 mg NH4+-N kg-1) commercial compost and

then decreased to 1200 mg N kg-1 or 4% (1386 mg NH4+-N kg-1) commercial compost. On the other

hand, cumulative N2O emissions were exponentially correlated with increasing 1-4% (30-120 mg N kg-

1) chicken compost for 28 days. In terms of temperature, the lowest cumulative N2O emissions were

observed at 35℃ in NH4+ and commercial compost treatments while those occurred at 30℃ in chicken

compost treatments. In conclusion, N2O emissions were not exponentially correlated with high N input

and temperature. Higher N input at higher temperature would suppress N2O emissions.

Keywords: agricultural soil, high N input, interactive effects, nitrous oxide, temperature dependence.

Oral-11



30

Importance of subsurface fluxes of water, nitrogen and phosphorus from

paddy rice fields relative to surface runoff

Jin Fu1, *, Yali Wu1, Qihui Wang1, Kelin Hu2, Shiqin Wang3, Minghua Zhou4, Kentaro Hayashi5,

Yonghua Wang1, Feng Zhou1,※

1Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of

Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China

2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, China

3Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology，

Chinese Academic of Science, Shijiazhuang, China

4Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academic of Science, China

5Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture

and Food Research Organization, Japan

※Corresponding authors: Prof. Feng Zhou E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Rice paddy fields pose a high risk of water pollutions for the surrounding waterbodies through

surface runoff and subsurface fluxes. Compared to surface runoff, subsurface fluxes from rice paddy

fields has received less attention and is still poorly quantified, mainly due to low-frequency

measurements at field scale and limited modeling capability at regional scale. Here we proposed a

simplified modeling approach to estimate the subsurface fluxes of water, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus

(P) from rice paddy fields, examined their relative importance compared to surface runoff, and extended

previous field-scale evidences in a limited sites to a regional biogeochemical paradigm. Based on high-

frequency field measurements in Central China and extended datasets across East Asia, our results reveal

that subsurface fluxes from rice paddy fields was underrated in previous studies, and were comparable

with surface fluxes across East Asia. Their relevant importance was primarily controlled by the

magnitude of seasonal precipitation. Subsurface fluxes were the dominant pathway of nutrient losses in

xeric rice cropping areas, while surface runoff was the more important process in mesic areas. In the

light of the regional differences, we suggest that a spatially flexible set of policies for mitigating nutrient

losses from rice paddy fields would be beneficial for the future water-quality improvements in the

surrounding waterbodies.

Keywords: nitrogen cycle, leaching, seepage, surface runoff, paddy rice, hydro-climatic condition

Oral-12



November 21, Wed 9:00-12:00

Session 3:

Reactive nitrogen creation and

control by natural processes and

human technologies


31

Ammonia synthesis by using hydrogen produced form renewable energy

Tetsuya Nanba1,*

1 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Renewable Energy

Research Center, Japan


ABSTRACT

The synthesized ammonia is one of the starting materials of the nitrogen cycle. Ammonia has been

synthesized by Haber–Bosch process. In this process, H2 is generated from reforming of fossil fuels, so

that CO2 is formed accompanying with NH3 production. Recently, CO2-free NH3 synthesis is of interest,

that is, hydrogen is generated from water electrolysis by using renewable energy. On the other hand,

utilization of renewable energy results in the supply of H2 having fluctuating flow rate and ambient

temperature and pressure. These conditions for H2 supply are quite different from the condition in the

Haber-Bosch process. Since H2 is formed from reforming of fossil fuels in Haber-Bosch process, high

temperature and pressure H2 with constant flow rate is obtained. We developed catalyst and process for

the usage of the renewable H2. The concepts of development of process and catalyst are to make possible

to operate under various condition according to the fluctuating H2 supply and to achieve high activities

at lower temperature and pressure than HB process, respectively. We have constructed the demonstration

plant of the ammonia synthesis from the renewable H2.

Keywords: Ammonia, Renewable energy, Hydrogen, Catalysts, Demonstration plant

Oral-13



32

Nitrogen fixing activity of iron reducing bacteria in paddy soils: Potent

agents for low nitrogen rice production in East Asia

Yoko Masuda1, *, Hideomi Itoh 2, Yutaka Shiratori3, Keishi Senoo1, 4

1 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan

2 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido, Japan

3Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Japan

4Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Japan


ABSTRACT

Japanese farmers’ oral tradition says, “Wheat is harvested from fertilizer, while rice is harvested

from soil fertility”. In fact, good rice growths in non-N fertilized plots are observed in long-term

experimental fields all over Japan. Microbial nitrogen fixation greatly contributes to the sustainable

nitrogen fertility of rice paddy soils. As the major nitrogen fixers (diazotrophs), phototrophic

Cyanobacteria and rhizospheric Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria have long been studied since

early 1900s.

Here, we report predominant but previously-overlooked other diazotrophs found in rice paddy soils.

To investigate the diversity of diazotrophs in rice paddy soils, we performed metatranscriptomic analysis

using RNA extracted from the soils. As a result, most of the sequences of nitrogen fixation gene (nif)

transcripts were, surprisingly, derived from Deltaproteobacteria, particularly the genera

Anaeromyxobacter and Geobacter, known as iron-reducing bacteria predominated in rice paddy soils.

In addition, our in silico analysis of soil metagenomic data revealed the ubiquitous presence in various

soils of nif genes derived from Anaeromyxobacter and Geobacter. These previously-overlooked

diazotrophs could be important drivers of nitrogen fixation not only in rice paddy soils but also other

soil environments. However, nitrogen fixing ability of Anaeromyxobacter spp. has not been confirmed

yet. Therefore, we proved nitrogen-fixing ability of Anaeromyxobacter PSR-1 using acetylene reduction

assey. As a result, we found that Anaeromyxobacter PSR-1. shows high activity of nitrogen fixation in

the presence of ammonium at the same or lower level as actual paddy field soils. Its activity of nitrogen

fixation was also high in the presence of Fe3+ (electron acceptor) at even lower concentration than actual

paddy field soils.

Our study provides novel insights into the ecological function of Anaeromyxobacter and Geobacter,

previously considered as iron reducing bacteria, in rice paddy soils and other soil environments. Our

findings will contribute to achieve low nitrogen rice production in East Asia.

Keywords: metatranscriptome, metagenome, rice paddy soils, iron-reducing bacteria, nitrogen fixatio

Oral-14



33

Estimating the exergy of biocrust nitrogen compounds and its application in

the exergetic evaluation of soil restoration technologies

Abdolmajid Lababpour1,*

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology, Iran


ABSTRACT

Exergy analysis is a powerful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of systems performance both in

industrial and environmental assessment. The aim of this study is to present a methodology to calculate

the exergy of biocrust nitrogen compounds (NH3, N2, N2O, NO, NO3, NO2 and NH4) widely contribute

in nitrogen cycling of soils, agricultural activities, soil restoration technologies and soil thermo-

economics. As the biocrust nitrogen compounds are in a complex cycling system, it is necessary to take

into account the partial molar Gibbs property of the constituents in the chemical exergy calculation.

Adopting the reference environment proposed by literatures, the physical and chemical exergy of pure

nitrogen compounds as well as the actual exergy of the various soil nitrogen compounds were obtained.

A soil nitrogen budget for exergy calculations and the role of cyanobacteria in nitrogen fixation of our

study was based on the thermodynamics tables and data collected across several studies. Results are

reported in the temperature range between 5 and 70°C with 5°C intervals. The results may be widely

varied for nitrogen species. This fact is partly due to different dead state reference systems can be

adopted to calculate exergy. The obtained exergy results could be useful for further understanding of

restoration technologies especially in the world’s fast growing arid lands. Considerable future work will

be required to elucidate a comprehensive perspectives regarding microbial biomass that exists in the soil

inside active, dormant, or deceased microbial species and how these different potential fractions may

influence nitrogen availability, soil quality, agricultural productivity, and, ultimately, nitrogen cycling.

Keywords: soil nitrogen, chemical exergy, nitrogen fixing, soil restoration, cyanobacteria.

Oral-15



34

Potential of metal hexacyanoferrates for recovering dissolved ammonia

Durga Parajuli1,*, Akira Takahashi1, Hisashi Tanaka1, Tohru Kawamoto1

1Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

(AIST), Tsukuba, Japan


ABSTRACT

It is noteworthy that total ammonia emission has been more than double since 1860 to 1993, and

may double by 2050. Main sources of ammonia release are livestock waste (39%), industrial source

(19%), fertilizer volatilization (17%), biomass burning (13%), natural source (7%), and others (5%).

While most of the ammonia in the atmosphere is washed down with rain, excess of it in air is responsible

for the particulate materials (PM2.5: (NH4)2SO4 60%, NH4NO3 40%). The dissolved ammonia

(combined NH4+ and NH3) is also problematic as the acceptable index of it in drinking water set by

WHO is 1.5 mg/l, and is even lower, 0.5 mg/l, in many countries. With the basic principle of adsorption

of monovalent cation by ion exchange with higher preference for those possessing ionic radius closer to

the effective radius of the complex determined by the lattice parameter, metal hexacyanoferrates

(MHCF) offer strong selectivity towards Cs+ ion. Since the radii of hydrated Cs+, Rb+, K+ and NH4+ are

closer enough (3.29, 3.29, 3.31, 3.31 Å, respectively), the size-based adsorption model supports

substantial adsorption of NH4+ as well. Therefore, a number of MHCFs were tested for their ammonia

adsorption behaviour in aqueous solution. Among these, was studied in detail for its application on

capturing dissolved ammonia from, for example, irrigation water or the sewage system.

Adsorption test of dissolved ammonia on CuHCF nanopowder was carried out at pH range of 2-

10. With 5 mmol/l initial concentration, gradual increase in the amount of adsorption was observed up

to pH 9. At pH 10 and higher, a distinct drop was observed because of the sharp drop in the concentration

of ammonium ion. Desorption of ammonia adsorbed onto CuHCF was carried out with 1 mol/l KCl

solution. Results show the regeneration of the starting material assuring the multiple adsorption-

desorption cycles.

Keywords: metal hexacyanoferrate, dissolved ammonia, adsorption, desorption

Oral-16



35

Emission, deposition and air quality effects of atmospheric reactive nitrogen

Xuejun Liu 1,*

1 China Agricultural University, China


ABSTRACT

Atmospheric reactive Nitrogen (Nr) has induced large impacts on air pollution and ecosystem

health worldwide. Emission and deposition of atmospheric Nr have largely increased in China since

1980 due to rapid agricultural, industrial and urban development. But scientific gaps still remain in the

regional and temporal variability in atmospheric Nr emission and deposition as well as their air quality

effects. To date, the environmental and human health impacts of atmospheric Nr pollution and deposition

are of great concern in China. This paper overviews the status of anthropogenic Nr emission and

deposition and their linkages to air pollution. The major findings include two aspects: (1) anthropogenic

atmospheric Nr (e.g. NH3 and NOx) emissions contribute greatly to secondary inorganic aerosol

formation and haze pollution; (2) dry Nr deposition is comparable in importance to wet Nr deposition,

suggesting that both dry and wet deposition should be quantified simultaneously; (3) measures to

improve urban and rural air quality must consider the mitigation of atmospheric Nr species in particular

NH3 which is mainly emitted from agricultural sources like fertilizer application and livestock sector.

Future research challenges on atmospheric Nr emission and deposition are discussed as well. China

needs to (1) reduce the uncertainties of national emission inventory of various Nr species, especially

organic Nr compounds; (2) establish complete national networks for atmospheric Nr concentration and

deposition monitoring; and (3) evaluate eco-environmental and health impacts of Nr pollution and

deposition in typical ecosystems. Last but not least, Nr deposition modeling tools should be improved

and used fully, based on localized parameters and future N regulation.

Keywords: Anthropogenic Nr emission, dry and wet deposition, monitoring networks, spatial-temporal

variation, air pollution effects, China

Oral-17



36

Effects of biochar amendment on vegetable production and its

environmental impacts in Shanghai, China

Sheng Zhou 1, 2,*, Jining Zhang 1, 2, Huifeng Sun 1, 2, Xianxian Zhang 1, 2, Cong Wang 1, 2

1 Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

2 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), China

* E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

A field trial was carried out in an experimental field that located in the south of Shanghai, China.

The aims were to investigate the effects of biochar on vegetable production and its environmental

impacts. Soil in the plots was incorporated with straw biochar at four different rates: 0 t hm-2, 10 t hm-2,

20 t hm-2 and 40 t hm-2. The treatments were designated CK (control without biochar), C10, C20 and

C40. Each of the four treatments was repeated by three replicates. Compound fertilizer was broadcast

evenly on the soil surface in each plot before vegetable transplanting. The experimental vegetable of

lettuce was transplanted in April 2018. The additional urea fertilizer was applying after two weeks of

vegetable growing. During the experiment period, the vegetable yields and plant height were recorded.

The GHGs were collected after irrigation and fertilization while infiltration water samples were

collected two or three times during the period of planting. The properties of EC, DOC, DN, NO3-, NH4

+

and DP concentrations in the water samples were detected. Soils were sampled before planting and after

harvesting, and key chemical properties were investigated.

There was no significant difference of lettuce yields among all treatments. The accumulated N2O

emissions in C10 and C20 treatments were lower than those in CK and C40. The soil organic carbon

contents, total nitrogen contents, EC, rapidly available K and rapidly available P increased with biochar

amendment, while the soil pH and DOC were similar among all the treatments. The NO3- and NH4

+

concentrations in the water samples of leachate decreased with the biochar amendment compared with

the CK. The results showed that 10～20 t hm-2 biochar incorporation could be served as an appropriate

amendment for mitigating GHGs emissions and reducing nitrogen loss through vertical infiltration.

Keywords: biochar, greenhouse gases, infiltration, methane, nitrous oxide

Oral-18



37

NH3 removal at livestock farm with adsorbent for the reduction of NH3

emission and for the improvement of breeding efficiency

Akira Takahashi1, Tohru Nakamura1, Kimitaka Minami1, Naoaki Doshu2, Hiroaki Mikasa3,

Ryota Iwai4, Mikihiro Takasaki4, Nobuyoshi Yanai5, Katuya Aoyama5, Tohru Kawamoto1,*

1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan

2Livestock Industry's Environmental Improvement Organization, Japan

3Fuso Corporation, Japan

4Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Japan

5Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Japan


ABSTRACT

Ammonia, NH3, known as a precursor of PM2.5, is mainly emitted from agricultural sector to air.

Livestock farm has a large contribution in the NH3 emission. In addition, the odor problem of NH3 is

also often serious. Ammonia generated at livestock barns and composting facilities is usually released

by air ventilation, but the method often affects negatively to the growth of the livestock due to the

difficulty of temperature control in the barn. On the other hand, if the NH3-emission into air is stopped,

the high concentration of NH3 in the barn would have a bad influence on the livestock growth.

To solve the problem, we are developing a new NH3-removal technology with adsorbent. The new

adsorbent has been developed by the modification of Prussian blue, one of the porous coordination

polymers. The adsorbent can adsorb NH3 even from trace NH3-contaminated air less than 1 ppmv. With

the technology, we aim not only the reduction of NH3 concentration in the barn without the NH3emission,

but also the improvement the breeding environment to raise the

production efficiency. In this talk, we introduce our concept, and

the result of the NH3 removal in the barn and from the exhaust

gas of a composting facility.

This study was partly supported by grants from the Project

of the NARO Biooriented Technology Research Advancement

Institution (the special scheme project on regional developing

strategy).

Keywords: ammonia, livestock farm, adsorbent, Prussian blue

Figure NH3 adsorbent for livestock farm

Oral-19



38

Studies of characteristics of nutrient inputs and nitrogen and phosphorus

reduction technologies in orchards in Taihu Lake Watershed

Shenqiang Wang1,*, Cheng Yi1, 2

1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem

Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

2 Nanjing Normal University, China


ABSTRACT

Both literature and questionnaire surveys (farmer interview) were used to analyze the

characteristics of orchard nutrient inputs, and the typical orchard soil samples were also collected to

evaluate soil fertility status in surrounding five towns in Taihu Lake Watershed. The results showed that

the average rates of total N, P and K application were N 522、P2O5 674 and K2O 462 kg· hm-2,

respectively, in orchard in Taihu Lake Watershed. About nutrient inputs, organic fertilizer accounted

for 51.3%、58.3% and 44.0% of total N, P and K application, respectively. The contents of organic

matter, total N, P and K were at levels ranging from appropriate to very rich. Available P and K contents

were generally at a rich level. The average amounts of N, P and K surplus were as high as N 320、P2O5

42 and K2O 108 kg·hm-2, respectively. Over the 2-year observation period, the N2O emission factor

averaged 1.69%, 1.32% and 1.86% and the NO emission factor averaged 0.03%, 0.27% and 0.17%

under OF, CF and OF + CF treatment, respectively. Such results indicated that fertilized peach orchard

soil in the Taihu region is an important source of N2O emissions. In addition, sown grass and organism

mulching technology conducted in grape orchard effectively reduced total N, NO3--N, total P, and PP

concentrations in runoff water. In addition, the application of nitrification inhibitor also reduced total N

and NO3--N concentrations in runoff water.

Keywords: Fruit orchard, Runoff, N2O emission, total N, Nitrification inhibitor

Oral-20



November 21, Wed 14:10-15:10

Session 4:

Policy challenges for optimizing

nitrogen use efficiency towards

sustainable production systems


39

Policy formulation and adoption of sustainable sugarcane cultivation

system in the Philippines

Ignacio S. Santillana1, *, Hermenegildo R. Serafica1, Toshihiko Anzai2, Shinkichi Goto2

1 Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA), Philippines

2Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Japan


ABSTRACT

The Philippine sugarcane industry as one of the drivers of the Philippine economy, beginning from

its establishment has been in constant struggle to increase its productivity - a challenge which is now

more pressing in the face of global competition. To produce more with the same land area is a daunting

task and fertilization is acknowledged as one of the single biggest factor that will lead to the attainment

of the objectives of improving productivity. So much research has been conducted in the past both by

private and government institutions such as the Philippine Sugar Research Institute (PHILSURIN) and

the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) on the aspects of breeding and cultural practices among

others to improve production, but the environmental impact of the commonly practiced sugarcane

production technology was never considered until the SRA-JIRCAS collaborative research to develop

a sustainable nitrogen fertilizer application on sugarcane in the Philippines. The said research measured

and established the alarming amount of nitrogen leached into the ground water due to inappropriate

means of fertilization thereby polluting the only source of domestic water for drinking and other uses of

the farmer and the farm workers.

The results of the study “Development of Sustainable Sugarcane Cultivation System in the

Philippines” by Toshihiko Anzai, Shinkichi Goto, Shotaro Ando, Arlene Matti, Ma. Lourdes Dormido

and Ignacio S. Santillana focused on the aspect of the increasing nitrogen load to the groundwater due

to inappropriate fertilizer application needs immediate action as it impacts not only the productivity but

more importantly the health of the farmers and their family.

A government policy towards a sustainable sugarcane cultivation system must be in placed to

address the problem of Nitrogen fertilizer leaching to the groundwater, at the same time increasing

farmer’s income by proper N-fertilization must be developed, and compliance thereto or adaption of

such policy must be encouraged and monitored.

Keywords: policy, proper N- fertilization, compliance and monitoring

Oral-21



40

Evaluating the environmental impact of agricultural policies in Japan

- Combination of farm level decision making model and stylized site-specific biophysical model-

Hiroki Sasaki1,*

1 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan


ABSTRACT

This study investigates the optimal agricultural land use allocation and nitrogen application under a

representative Japanese farm. Due to the site-specific nature of many agri-environmental issues, analysis at a

disaggregated level is necessary in order to capture the underlying heterogeneity of agricultural productivity and

environmental sensitivity across different parcels of land. The framework of this study adopts an integrated

approach: an economic model of decision making on representative farms is combined with a stylized site-specific

biophysical model that quantifies the impact of different policy instruments on agricultural production practices

and on the multiple environmental effects. In the empirical model, land is divided into rectangular parcels which

are of the same size and of homogeneous land quality, but heterogeneous as between parcels. The land use

classification is assumed as rice paddy, upland crop and abandonment. In this model, “nitrogen runoff” cause

eutrophication and “GHG emission”, “soil carbon sequestration”, and “biodiversity” in paddy fields are considered

as environmental externalities. Several types of agricultural policy instruments are simulated based on an

assumption that each support policy simulate increases payments or market price support equivalents to 10% of

the value of each commodity affected by the payment, and applies these to all of the following commodities

simultaneously. The effect of market price support (MPS) is not straightforward. Under the parameter setting in

this analysis where relatively large farms are assumed, MPS does not necessarily increase nitrogen runoff and total

GHG emissions. Because higher profit derived from higher product price allows farmers to use more organic

fertilizers this has a positive effect on the yield. The revenue could cover additional costs for input, transport, and

spread of manure. Due to the partial transition of chemical fertilizer to organic fertilizer, nitrogen runoff slightly

decreases, CH4 and N2O emissions increase but carbon sequestration increases because of an increase of the

manure application amount. The native plants richness index increases very slightly. Payment based on input use

consistently increases nitrogen and GHG emissions, and decreases the habitat quality index value, while agri-

environmental payment with fertilizer application constraint constantly improved them. Amongst three types of

agri-environmental payments, payment for organic farming (complying with zero chemical fertilizer application)

achieves the highest environmental benefit. As a result of sensitivity analysis, a key result from this study continues

to hold - but it is true that results rely on the assumption used in the model - and does not hinge on the absolute

level of the results obtained.

Keywords: agri-environmental policy, paddy field, policy simulation

Oral-22



41

Policy distortions, farm size, and the overuse of agricultural chemicals in

China

Yiyun Wu1,#, Xican Xi2,#, Xin Tang3, Deming Luo4, Baojing Gu5,6,※,*, Shu Kee Lam7,

Peter Vitousek8,※, Deli Chen7

1Policy Simulation Laboratory, Zhejiang University, China

2China Center for Economic Studies, School of Economics, Fudan University, China

3Center for Economic Development Research, Economics and Management School of Wuhan

University, China

4Center for Research of Private Economy, School of Economics, Zhejiang University, China

5Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, China

6School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Australia

7Department of Biology, Stanford University, USA

#Contributed equally to this paper.

※Corresponding authors: Prof. Baojing Gu E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Peter Vitousek E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRACT

Understanding the reasons for overuse of agricultural chemicals is critical to the sustainable

development of Chinese agriculture. Using a nationally representative rural household survey from

China, we found that farm size is a strong factor that affects the use intensity of agricultural chemicals

across farms in China. Statistically, a 1% increase in farm size is associated with a 0.3% and 0.5%

decrease in fertilizer and pesticide use per hectare (P<0.001) respectively, and an almost 1% increase in

agricultural labor productivity, while it only leads to a statistically insignificant 0.02% decrease in crop

yields. The same pattern was also found using other independently collected data sources from China

and an international panel analysis of 74 countries from the 1960s to the 2000s. While economic growth

has been associated with increasing farm size in other countries, in China this relationship has been

distorted by land and migration policies, leading to the persistence of small farm size in China.

Removing these distortions would decrease agricultural chemical use by 30-50% and the environmental

impact of those chemicals by 50% while doubling the total income of all farmers including those who

move to urban areas. Removing policy distortions is also likely to complement other remedies such as

easing farmer’s access to modern technologies and knowledge, and improving environmental regulation

and enforcement.

Oral-23





November 19, Mon 16:00-18:00

November 20, Tue 13:00-14:00

November 21, Wed 13:00-14:10

Poster Session


42

Preliminary estimation of national nitrogen budget in South Korea:

I. Agriculture

Jusub Kim1,*, Kwang Eun Kim1, Seung Hyun Han1, Seongjun Kim2, Jongyeol Lee2, Yowhan Son1

1 Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea

University, Korea

2 Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Korea


ABSTRACT

Agriculture, which accounts for a significant portion of nitrogen (N) budget, is of great importance

in N cycle. This study aimed to estimate national N budget for agriculture of South Korea from 2005 to

2014. We assessed the agriculture N budgets categorized into livestock pool (inflow: feed intake,

outflow: livestock products, manure applied on agriculture land, and emissions of NH3 and N gases from

manure storage) and soil management pool (inflow: mineral fertilizer, manure application, and

atmospheric deposition, outflow: crop removal, NH3 emissions, and other soil N emissions) according

to guidelines prepared by Expert Panel on Nitrogen Budgets. In the livestock sector, the mean N inflow

(403.5 kt N yr-1) was smaller than the mean N outflow (580.1 kt N yr-1). Livestock products, manure

applied to agriculture land, and emissions of NH3 and N gases from manure storage occupied 10.9%,

71.5%, and 17.6% of the total outflow, respectively. In soil management sector, the mean N inflow

(747.9 kt N yr-1) was greater than the mean N outflow (167.1 kt N yr-1). Mineral fertilizer, manure

application, and atmospheric deposition occupied 38.7%, 55.4%, and 5.9% of the total inflow, and crop

removal, NH3 emissions, other soil N emissions occupied 60.4%, 30.5%, and 9.1% of the total outflow,

respectively. The manure application to agriculture land was the major N flow in both pools. These

results indicate that agriculture in South Korea acts as N sink (404.1 kt N yr-1). More detailed statistics

for livestock products and manure storage are required to disaggregate N flows. Also, national-specific

emission factors associated with N emissions from manure should be developed to apply the tier 2

method. This preliminary study would be valuable for predicting the emissions of N pollutant, and

greenhouse gas in agriculture of South Korea.

Keywords: agriculture, livestock, cropland, national nitrogen budget

Acknowledgement: This study was supported by National Research Foundation (2018RIA2B6001012).

P-2



43

Case studies of reusing nitrogen-rich groundwater for crop production

by a radiation-controlled low- rate drip irrigation system

Seiko Yoshikawa1,*, Shuichi Watanabe1

1National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan


ABSTRACT

Nitrogen-rich groundwater affected by leached nitrogen (N) derived from agriculture is found

around farmland. To reuse nitrogen-rich groundwater for crop production, we used a radiation-

controlled low-rate drip irrigation system (RCDI) developed by NARO. RCDI is expected to supply

water and nutrient to crop efficiently, because of its smaller irrigation rate (018L h-1 emitter-1) than and

solar radiation dependent irrigation. We conducted two case studies as follows.

(1) Margaret farm. We investigated the effects of low-rate drip irrigation using RCDI (LI) on the

N use efficiency and the flower quality compared with that of conventional drip irrigation (CI). The

nitrate-N concentration of irrigated water was 5-30 mg L-1 (average 18 mg L-1). In the LI plot, the

drainage was 33 % and the amount of leached nitrate-N was 50% compared with CI plot. The flower

quality of LI plot was superior to that of CI plot. Additionally, 46 kg ha-1 of N derived from the

groundwater was estimated to be applied as like a N fertilizer in the LI plot.

(2) Tea garden. We investigated the effect of LI on the tea quality and the cost of cultivation

compared with those of CI and conventional management (CM). In the CM plot, solid fertilizer was

applied, and watering was just rain water. The nitrate-N concentration of irrigated water was about 30

mg L-1 in LI plot, and 5 mg L-1 in CI plot. The tea quantity and quality in LI plots were superior to those

in CI plots and CM plots, nevertheless the fertilized N was about half of CI plots and CM plots. In LI

plots, 120 kg h-1 of N derived from the groundwater was estimated to be applied as like a N fertilizer,

and the fertilizer cost of 140 thousand-yen ha-1 was saved and gain of 270 thousand-yen ha-1 was

obtained in comparison with CM plots.

In conclusion, this new system can contribute to water conservation by reducing fertilizer use and

deriving N from groundwater.

Keywords: environmental friendly agriculture, low–rate drip irrigation, nitrogen-rich groundwater,

tea, margaret

P-3



44

Analysing effectiveness of activities for conserving agro-environment to

improve nutrient balances in Korea

Seulbi Lee1,*, Jwakyung Sung, Yejin Lee, Deogbae Lee, Cheolhyun Ryu, Yosung Song,

Yangmin Kim

1 Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Korea


ABSTRACT

Nitrogen balance means the differences of nutrient input and output on certain agricultural area,

revealing a risk of nutrient leak to environment or nutrient use efficiency. Nitrogen balance in Korea

have maintained highest level over other OECD countries (245kg/N/ha and 47 kg/P/ha in 2014). For

sustainable development of agriculture, it is essential to develop strategies and practices for mitigating

nitrogen pressure on agro-environment. For this, the effect of several agricultural conservation practices

on nitrogen balance of Korea were analysed using soil surface balance methodology and nitrogen

coefficients (OECD default or national specific values –nitrogen production rate from animal manure

developed in 2008 have been applied.). Agricultural practices considered in this study are nutrient input

management (1) by applying standard fertilization to each crops with fixed amount of animal manure

compost (without considering soil organic matter(SOM) content), (2) same as (1) but with different

application rate of animal manure compost with considering SOM, (3) increasing energy resources from

animal manure (like solid fuel etc.); nutrient output management are to cultivate winter crops(4) silage

barley, (5) Italian rye grass ; combination effect of (6) (=(1)+(4)), (7) (=(2)+(4)).

Nitrogen balance in 2014 was 205 kg/ha when applying the animal nitrogen production rate developed

in 2008. Nitrogen balance was 131 kg/ha when calculated with standard fertilization with fixed amount

of animal manure compost. And nitrogen balance decreased to 111kg/ha with considering SOM. If 50%

of animal manure produced used as fuel resources (meaning as 50% input of animal manure to arable

land), nitrogen balance was 153 kg/ha. Winter crops (possible area was 60% of paddy field (about

560,000ha) with barley and Italian rye grass have effect on decreasing nitrogen balance to 188 kg/ha

and 197 kg/ha, respectively. Nitrogen balance were 113 kg/ha or 93 kg/ha when combined effect of

barley and standard fertilization with fixed animal manure compost or with different rate of animal

manure compost along with SOM evaluated, respectively. Nitrogen balance decreased to16~ 62%

compared OECD reported value in 2014. Nitrogen management policies such as agro-environment

conservation program (tentative) need to support farmers and local government for performing these

practices and improving nitrogen loading to environment.

Keywords: Nitrogen balance, Soil surface balance, Agro-environment conservation program

P-4



45

Estimation of nitrogen removal from swine wastewater in activated sludge

systems using model simulation

Miyoko Waki1,*, Tomoko Yasuda1, Yasuyuki Fukumoto1, Fabrice Béline2, Albert Magrí2

1National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Livestock and Grassland

Science, Animal Waste Management and Environment Research Division, Japan

2Irstea, UR OPAALE, France


ABSTRACT

Livestock waste management is responsible for significant impacts in public water bodies.

Nitrogen (N) contamination is usually one of the consequences. This is particularly relevant in Japan,

where livestock waste represents as much as 20% of the total amount of industrial waste generated in

the country. Commonly, the liquid fraction available after solid-liquid separation of the livestock waste

is treated by the activated sludge process, and then discharged into a public water body. According to

government sources, 61% of the swine wastewater produced following this schema is aerobically treated.

An activated sludge model (ASM)-type model considering biological oxygen demand (BOD) and

N removal, and including nitrite as intermediate, free ammonia and free nitrous acid as potential

inhibitors, and temperature as process parameter was used to simulate swine wastewater treatment.

Aeration conditions are a key factor on N removal in such scenario, so continuous and intermittent

aeration at several aeration rates was assessed. Influent swine wastewater BOD/N ratios of 2, 3 and 4

were considered. Under continuous aeration, at low dissolved oxygen (DO), N was mainly removed

through the nitrite short-cut in simultaneous nitrification-denitrification. Otherwise, under intermittent

aeration, N was removed at a wider DO range than previously assessed for continuous aeration. However,

energy consumption to achieve satisfactory N removal was almost the same regardless the aeration

conditions applied. The higher the BOD/N ratio considered, the more satisfactory the N removal

achieved. When the BOD/N ratio was set at 2, critical DO control was required to achieve satisfactory

N removal. In such case, additional post-treatment through anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)

might be an interesting alternative.

Keywords: swine wastewater, activated sludge model, nitrogen removal, energy consumption

P-5



46

Nitrogen fertilization in intensive horticultural systems in China:

Challenges and opportunities

Jianbin Zhou1,*, Xinlu Bai 1, Bin Liang2, Wei Luo1, Yuzhen Cheng1

1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant

Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, China

2 College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agriculture University, China


ABSTRACT

Large areas of cereal production in China have been transferred to fruit trees and vegetables since

1980s. For example, the area under fruit trees has increased from 1.78 million ha in 1980 to 12.2 million

ha in 2013, and vegetable production has increased from 3.3 million ha in 1978 to 19.6 million ha in

2011. The nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates in fruit trees and vegetables are usually higher than

cereal crops. Fruits and vegetables together in China have consumed at least 30% of domestic N fertilizer

applications, higher than the average in the world. Compared to cereal crops, the application of different

organic fertilizers is also common. Therefore, over-input of N in orchards and vegetable production is

very severe. It results in a series of problems, including low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), high

greenhouse gas emission, nitrate leaching, eutriphication. The causes for this bad management practice

include not enough researches in regard to fruit trees and vegetable crop rational fertilizer

recommendations, the low education levels of the farmers, etc. Understanding the migration and

transformation processes of N fertilizer in soils of the different orchards and vegetable systems is very

important to take strategies to control N loss from orchard and vegetable systems. We’ll introduce our

studies in orchards and vegetable systems in North China, especially nitrate accumulation in soil profiles

in different scales in orchards. The strategies used include adequate application of N fertilizer and

manures, fertigation, substituting of mineral N fertilizer with manures, recycling of crop residues, and

education of farmers, etc. Our studies indicate that reducing N fertilization for intensive horticultural

systems in China decreases N accumulation in soil, and N loss without compromising crop production.

Keywords: nitrogen fertilizer, orchards, vegetable crop, N loss, N management

P-6



47

Spatial and temporal variation of anthropogenic nitrogen inputs to the

agricultural lands in China

Qinxue Wang1,*

1Centre for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan


ABSTRACT

The anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs to the agricultural lands are the major non-point sources of

water eutrophication. To realize the sustainable management of anthropogenic N inputs to environment

in China, we have estimated both spatial and temporal variation of N inputs to the agricultural lands.

Because major sources or sinks are difficult to be measured independently over huge agricultural lands,

a mass balance model (Howarth et al., 1996) was used to estimate N input and output, in which the N

input was considered as two groups, anthropogenic new reactive N inputs and recycling reactive N

inputs. The results of temporal variation showed that the annual mean total N inputs increased by 1.5

times from 35.5 kg/ha in the 1980s (1981-1990) to 52.8 kg/ha in the 2000s (2000-2010), in which the

synthetic N fertilizer dominated the N source and showed a 1.7 time increase from 13.6 kg/ha in the

1980s to 23.3 kg/ha in the 2000s. The animal excrement was the second important N source and showed

a 1.4 time increase from 10.1 kg/ha in the 1980s to 14.2 kg/ha in the 2000s. The third important N source

was human waste, which increased by 1.1 times from 4.4 kg/ha in the 1980s to 4.9 kg/ha in the 2000s.

The most rapidly increased N source was the atmospheric deposition, which increased by 1.9 times from

1.7 kg/ha in the 1980s to 3.3 kg/ha in the 2000s.

The intensity of N fertilizer application was enlarged in almost all provinces except the megacity

of Beijing and Shanghai, and the most polluted provinces include the Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu,

Sichuan and Hebei, where the total amount of N fertilizer was larger than 1.5 million tons. The intensity

of the bulk N deposition increased largely in last three decades, and the most polluted provinces include

the Sichuan, Hunan, Anhui and Henan Province. As a result, we found that most provinces in the eastern

part of China like Shanghai, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Tianjin and Hebei, where the total

amount of N inputs was over 150 kg/ha in the 2000s, however, those provinces in the western part of

China like Xizhang, Qinhai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Ningxia, where the total amount of

N inputs was less than 30 kg/ha. Finally, the spatial distribution of its change rate during the last 3

decades shows that, some provinces like Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Ningxia, Xinjiang and

Heilongjiang, where the total amount of N inputs increased by more than 2 times, only 3 cities and

provinces: Shanghai, Zejiang and Qinghai, where the total amount of N inputs decreased. We need

solutions to control all these anthropogenic N inputs to agricultural lands.

Keywords: anthropogenic nitrogen inputs, agricultural lands, atmospheric deposition, synthetic N

fertilizer, human waste and animal excrement

P-7



48

Nitrogen use efficiencies of milk and beef productions in Japan

Akinori Mori1,*, Sadao Eguchi2, Mikito Higuchi3, Hideaki Shibata4

1 Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Japan

2 Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

3 Division of Animal Feeding and Management Research, Central Region Agricultural Research

Center, NARO, Japan

4 Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan


ABSTRACT

To estimate the Nr use efficiencies (NUEs) of animal products, it is necessary to calculate the Nr

flows from forage productions to animal feeding (including meat processing in the case of meat

production). Livestock productions in Japan make substantial impacts on the Nr flows both in Japan and

the other countries because we import most of animal feeds and take more than one third of protein from

animal products (MAFF, 2017). The objective of this study was to estimate the national scale NUEs of

milk and beef productions in Japan based on the concept of N-Calculator (Leach et al., 2012). In the

calculations of NUEs, Nr applications for forage crop productions (Hatano, 2017; Mishima & Kohyama,

2010), biological Nr fixations (BNF, Lassaletta et al., 2014), feed dosages (MAFF, 2012), Nr in feeds

(NARO, 2009), Nr in cattle (Matsumoto, 2000), carcass compositions (Higuchi et al., 2017), Nr in milk

and beef (MEXT, 2015) were considered. On the one hand, the NUE of forage production calculated by

dividing the forage-Nr by the applied-Nr (i.e., the sum of synthetic fertilizers, BNF and manure) was

greater in Hokkaido than in the other prefectures. On the other hand, the NUE of animal feeding

calculated by dividing the milk-Nr by feed-Nr was greater in the other prefectures than in Hokkaido.

Consequently, the NUEs of milk production calculated by dividing the milk-Nr by the new-Nr (i.e., the

sum of synthetic fertilizers and BNF) were estimated to be 21% in Hokkaido, 20% in the other

prefectures and 20% in the national scale. The NUEs of beef production calculated by dividing the beef-

Nr by the new-Nr were estimated to be 5% for dairy bull, 4% for crossbred cattle and 3% for beef breed.

The difference in NUE of beef production is mainly arising from the length of feeding period.

Keywords: animal feeding, forage production, livestock production, meat processing, N-Calculator

P-8



49

Identification of N2O producer in dairy manure compost surface

Maeda K1,*, R.M.L.D. Rathnayake2, H. Satoh2, S. Toyoda3, L. Philippot4, S. Hattori3, K. Nakajima1,

N. Yoshida3

1NARO, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Dairy Research Division, Japan

2Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan

3Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

4INRA, UMR 1229, Soil and Environmental Microbiology, France


ABSTRACT

In order to understand the N2O production in the compost surface, N2O, NO and O2 profile was

determined by microsensor measurement. The incubation experiments with fueld/suppressed N2O

production was also performed for compost surface samples to identify the bacterial group which is truly

responsible for N2O production by tracking the change of the bacterial community with DGGE analysis

of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Signinficant N2O and NO concentrations (up to 645.3 ppm and 8.4 µM)

were observed, which clearly shows that significant nitrification/denitrification is occurring in situ. The

incubation experiment revealed that the bacteria which belong to classes Sphingobacteria and

Flavobacteria seems to be responsible for denitrification and significant N2O production which occurs

just after the pile turning events.

Keywords: N2O, compost, denitrifying community, microsensor

P-9



50

Changes in nitrogen flows in cultivation and consumption of green tea

in Japan

Yuhei Hirono1,*, Tomohito Sano1, 2, Sadao Eguchi3

1 Division of Tea Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food

Research Organization (NARO), Japan

2 Headquarters, NARO, Japan

3 Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan


ABSTRACT

The demand of green tea has been increasing because of its benefits for human health. Meanwhile,

large amounts of nitrogen (N) was applied as fertilizer for green tea cultivation in Japan, resulting in

environmental problems, including N leaching and high rates of nitrous oxide emissions. To address

these problems, the amount of N applied as fertilizer has been reduced. In addition, there has been

various changes related to the manner of consumption of green tea in Japan for the last several decades.

It is possible that the changes in N application rates in tea garden and changes in the manner of

consumption of tea affect N flows. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the changes in N flows in tea

cultivation and consumption in Japan using the concept of N footprint (NF), which is recently developed

to link environmental N impacts and consumers. As the indicators of N impacts for environment, we

calculated nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), virtual N factors (VNF), and NF. NUE was calculated as a

ratio of the N contained in the harvested tea shoots to the N applied as fertilizer. VNF is defined as a

ratio of N released to the environment to consumed N. The NUE, VNF, and NF were calculated using

the Monte Carlo method with a 100,000-time iteration. A global sensitivity analysis was conducted to

evaluate which parameters affect VNF the most. As results, the changes in NUE had three phases: 1)

NUE had decreased from 1965 to 1991, 2) NUE had increased from 1991 to 2005, and 3) NUE gradually

have decreased since 2005. The changes in VNF was similar to the changes in NUE with three phases.

As a result of sensitivity analysis, the parameters related to the extraction efficiency and powdered tea

production greatly affect the estimation of VNF.

Keywords: tea (camellia sinensis), fertilizer, N use efficiency, N footprint

P-11



51

A study of runoff loads from lotus paddy fields after improvement of

agricultural infrastructure

Wataru Iio1,*, Shigeki Yoshida1, 2, Tatsumi Kitamura1, Shunichi Matsumoto1, Hisao Kuroda3

1 Ibaraki Kasumigaura Environmental Science Center, Japan

2 Livestock Industry Division, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ibaraki Prefectural

Government, Japan

3College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Japan


ABSTRACT

Lake Kasumigaura is the 2nd largest lake in Japan and its basin hosts the largest volume of lotus

root production in the country. In Ibaraki Prefecture, lotus roots were cropped by using water pressure

and this cropping method would accelerate runoff of lotus paddy soils and bottom sediments in drainage

canals into Lake Kasumigaura. Therefore, the runoff loads from lotus paddy fields are considered to be

one of the causes of water pollution in the lake. Teno Area in Tsuchiura city (Ibaraki Prefecture) is the

first to develop an infrastructure consisting of the concrete levee and to separate irrigation and drainage

canals in Japanese lotus paddy fields. This was done over the period from 1995 through 2015. In this

study, we studied the changes in runoff loads from lotus paddy fields due to improvement of the

infrastructure in this area. In consequence, runoff loads of suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen

demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) were largest in March and April. This result would be attributed

to the manuring of the basal fertilization and calcium cyanamid in this period. On the other hand, runoff

load of total phosphorus (TP) showed its maximum in July and August. As a cause, elution of

phosphorate from lotus paddy soils and bottom sediments in drainage canals under lowered dissolved

oxygen concentrations can be considered. Furthermore, annual balanced losses of COD, TN and TP

from lotus paddy fields were increased compared to those before improvement of the infrastructure.

Separation of irrigation and drainage canals decreased soil sedimentation, which would result in

increases in their losses.

Keywords: lotus paddy field, agriculture, runoff load, improvement of agricultural infrastructure

P-12



52

Global high-resolution maps of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use rate applied

to cropland during 1961-2014

Qihui Wang1,*, Ziyin Shang1, Feng Zhou1

1 College of Urban and Environment, Peking University, China


ABSTRACT

Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer have been widely used to cropland to increase crop yield globally over

the past century. But as an important input of the global nutrient cycles, a high-resolution global dataset

is yet lacking. In this study, we first collected a sub-national synthetic N fertilizer consumption dataset

for 38 countries from their own statistic organization which totally covered about 86% global synthetic

N fertilizer consumption. And we also obtained national consumption data from the IFA (International

Fertilizer Industry Association) and FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) for the other countries.

After removing the amount consumed by grazing, we developed a yearly 5 arcmin gridded maps of

synthetic N fertilizer use rate in cropland for the period from 1961 to 2014. Our dataset indicated that

the amount of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applied to cropland increased from 10.9 Tg N yr1 in 1961 to

94.7 Tg N yr1 in 2014. And it exhibited a higher spatial variability during the period. The largest

consumption regions was the low-latitude in the 1960s but shifted to the northern mid-latitude in the

most recent 5 years (2010-2014) due to both cropland area expansions and raised fertilizer application

rate in per unit cropland area. Compared to the other research, our dataset also illustrated the spatial

pattern more accurately and dynamically by conducting sub-national consumption data in most countries

applied a large amount of fertilizer and considering the proportion of grazing fertilization. Our dataset

could be used to drive global or regional land surface models to evaluate the impacts of human activities

in water quality, greenhouse gases emission.

Keywords: synthetic nitrogen fertilizer; cropland, high-resolution

P-13



53

Analysis of nitrate dynamics in a nitrogen saturated Japanese cedar and

cypress forest using triple oxygen isotopes

Midori Yano1, 2,*, Akiko Makabe3, Rieko Urakawa4, Ayumi Tanaka-Oda5, Nozomi Suzuki2,

Risa Naito2, Yunting Fang6, Keisuke Koba1, 2

1Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan

2Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan

3Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan

4Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, Japan

5Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Japan

6Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China


ABSTRACT

Increased anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) emissions have resulted in excessive N load to forests.

Once the N availability exceeds the demand for N, the excess N is lost from the ecosystem, as mainly

nitrate: NO3- (N saturation). However, these NO3

- leaching process is not well understood because of

complexity of forest N cycle. Recently, oxygen isotope anomaly (∆17O) has been proposed as a useful

tracer for distinguishing atmospherically deposited NO3- from microbial NO3

-. The objective of this

study was to investigate the production, consumption and leaching processes of NO3- in a temperate N

saturated forest in Japan using triple oxygen isotopes of NO3-.

The study was conducted in the Oyasan Experimental Forest Watershed in central Japan. The

watershed comprised of two catchments. One is re-established forest in1976 (middle-aged), and the

other is established forest in 1907(old-aged). Both forests were planted with Japanese cedar

(Cryptomeria japonica) and cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa). We collected atmospheric derived and

stream water NO3-, and monitored surface soil NO3

- using ion exchange membranes. We measured

concentrations and isotopic compositions of NO3- for each water and extract samples.

We found that, the annual fluxes of NO3- leaching were 12.8 and 13.1 kg N ha-1 y-1 for the middle-

aged and the old-aged forest, respectively. Isotopically estimated annual gross nitrification fluxes were

102.6 and 97.2 kg N ha-1 y-1 for the middle-aged and the old-aged forest, and they were much larger than

atmospherically deposited NO3- (6.0 kg N ha-1 y-1). Both NO3

- leaching flux and soil NO3- supply rate

were high during June to October for both catchments. N and O isotopic ratios of NO3- of soil and stream

water samples were within the range of NO3- derived from nitrification. It suggests that high summer

temperature stimulated nitrification and a part of NO3- accumulated in the soil was leached out to streams.

Keywords: nitrogen saturation, forest watershed, stable isotope ratio

P-14


54

What is the suitable method for extracting NO2- from soils? Drawbacks of

current methods

Megumi Kuroiwa1,*, Hiroki Takahashi1, Naoto Tanaka1, Hikaru Kawai1, Tomoki Oda2, Yuichi Suwa1

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Japan

2Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan


ABSTRACT

Nitrite (NO2–) is a pivotal intermediate of various N transformation processes including nitrification

and denitrification, which are widely accepted as the major pathways of NO and N2O emission from

soil. Although NO2– rarely accumulates in soils due to its fast reactivity, a growing body of evidence is

accumulating to show that NO2– significantly contributes to N2O emissions in cropland (Maharjan &

Venterea 2013 SBB, Ma et al. 2015 Biol Fertil Soils), pasture (Venterea et al. 2015 Scientific Reports)

and non-cropped soils (Giguere et al. 2017 SBB). However, studies approaching soil NO2– dynamics are

still very limited, possibly because the lack of reliable, simple method for soil NO2– extraction and

quantification.

For example, Stevens and Laughlin (1995) demonstrated NO2– destruction during extraction in 2M

KCl. They recommended short-time (10 min.) extraction under slightly alkaline condition (pH=8) in 1:1

soil/extractant ratio. Their approach uses a huge amount of soil and adjusting pH for each soil takes

much time and labor. Recently, Homyak et al. (2015) reported that extraction with deionized water

(DIW) likely to be a better solution to measure NO2– concentrations. However, they did not consider

possible effects of microbes (e.g. nitrifier) on NO2– production during extraction.

In this study, our objective is to evaluate suitable method for accurate determination of soil NO2–.

For this objective, we used acidic to neutral forest soils and calculated NO2– production and consumption

rates during DIW, non-buffered KCl, and buffered KCl extraction using 15N dilution method. In briefly,

our results showed that DIW extraction is unsuitable for NO2– determination due to biotic/abiotic fast

turnover of NO2– during extraction. Consistent with previous studies, non-buffered KCl destroyed NO2

–

quickly especially in low pH soil. On the other hand, NO2– production during extraction were

significantly increased in buffered KCl compared to non-buffered KCl.

Keywords: nitrite, forest soil, 15N dilution method, soil extraction

P-15



55

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) coupled to Fe2+

oxidation in the paddy soil

Jinfang Li1,*, Yanchao Chai1, Shuntao Chen1, Mizanur Rahman2, Jun Shan1

1Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

2Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Islamic University, Bangladesh


ABSTRACT

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) converts the mobile nitrate into ammonium

resulting in N retention, which has a positive effect on maintaining soil fertility. Previous studies showed

that DNRA often occurred under strict anaerobic condition with abundant carbon sources; however,

DNRA may also occur under aerobic condition by coupling with the oxidation of Fe2+. To test this

hypothesis, DNRA coupled to ferrous ion oxidation in two typical Chinese paddy soils (Wushan and red

soils) were investigated by 15N tracer combined with 15NH4+ oxidation technique. Our results showed

that oxygen (DO = 8.47 mg/L) and lactic acid (Lac/N = 2.97 mol/mol) significantly increased DNRA

rate of two paddy soils when the exogenous ferrous ion concentration was 0-500 μM. In Wushan soil,

the effect of oxygen on DNRA rate was not significant when ferrous iron concentration was 800 μM,

and lactic acid significantly inhibited the DNRA rate. In red soil, lactic acid significantly improved

DNRA rate after adding 800 μM ferrous iron under aerobic condition, whereas the enhancement of

DNRA rate was lower than that of adding 500 μM ferrous iron. Taken together, our results suggest that

DNRA can occur under aerobic condition by coupling with the oxidation of Fe2+ in the tested paddy

soils and the effects of oxygen and carbon source addition on DNRA process depended on the amount

of Fe2+ and soil type.

Keywords: DNRA, 15N tracer, membrane inlet mass spectrometry, carbon source, aerobic condition,

Fe2+

P-16



56

Role of Microbial Assimilation of Soil NO3- in Reducing Soil NO3

-

Concentration

Yi Cheng1,*, Jing Wang2, Jinyang Wang3, Scott X. Chang4, Shenqiang Wang5,

1School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China

2College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, China

3School of the Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, UK

4Department of Renewable Resources, 442 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Canada

5State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy

of Sciences, China


ABSTRACT

The accumulation of NO3- in the soil has resulted in increased nitrogen (N) loss through runoff,

leaching, and gaseous emissions. Microbial immobilization of NO3- as an important process in reducing

soil NO3- accumulation has been for a long time neglected due to the predominant viewpoint that

microbes preferentially immobilize NH4+-N. Microbial NO3

- immobilization is generally carbon (C)-

limited, and thus exogenous organic C input may enhance microbial NO3- immobilization. However, the

effect of the quality and quantity of exogenous organic C input on soil microbial NO3- immobilization

is poorly understood, and a synthetic assessment on such an effect is lacking. We thus assessed the

impact of exogenous organic C type, the application rate of simple organic C (glucose and acetate),

complex organic C type (animal manure, plant residue) and the C/N ratio of complex organic C on soil

microbial NO3- immobilization rate using a meta-analysis. We found that the quality and quantity of

exogenous C input affect soil microbial NO3- immobilization: microbial NO3

- immobilization was

enhanced with the addition of simple organic C at rates >500 mg C kg-1, or complex organic C with C/N

ratios >18. We conclude that specific exogenous organic C input at a high rate or with a high C/N ratio

can enhance microbial NO3- immobilization and reduce soil NO3

- accumulation.

Keywords: exogenous organic C input, simple C source, complex C source, C/N ratio, NO3-

accumulation

P-17

mailto:ycheng@


57

Identifying groundwater nitrate sources in a rice paddy watershed in

Japan: A stable isotopic study

Saeko Yada1,*, Yasuhiro Nakajima1, 2, Sunao Itahashi1, 3, Kei Asada1, Nanae Hirano1,

Seiko Yoshikawa1, Sadao Eguchi1

1 Soil, Water and Nutrient Cycles Unit, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan

2 Advanced Analysis Center, NARO, Japan

3Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan


ABSTRACT

The stable isotope ratios of nitrate (NO3−) nitrogen (N) (δ15NNO3) and oxygen (δ18ONO3) are utilized

for identifying the sources of N in various environments. Our objective here was to evaluate basic N

dynamics in a rice paddy watershed which collected water from different land uses (e.g. forest,

agricultural area, residential area and grassland (golf course)) based on δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 in

groundwater.

We collected groundwater, ponded water, household wastewater, and precipitation samples

monthly in the Sakasagawa river watershed, Ibaraki, Japan, from October 2012 to April 2015. The

δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry after converting NO3− to

nitrous oxide in a sample vial by the denitrifier method.

Hillside groundwater (240 m a.s.l) of forest area had the lowest NO3− (0.24±0.12 mg N L−1), and

foothill groundwater (47 m a.s.l) below golf two courses had the highest NO3− (4.47±1.48 mg N L−1).

Hillside spring water (163 m a.s.l) NO3− (1.07±0.24 mg N L−1) beyond the threshold of N saturated

forest (1.00 mg N L−1 in mountain stream) caused by atmospheric deposition. The mean δ15NNO3 of

hillside spring water (163m a.s.l) and hillside groundwater (60, 88, 240 m a.s.l) of forest area, ranged

from 0.79 to 2.89 ‰, which were similar to precipitation δ15NNO3 (0.52±1.18‰), and the input of

atmospheric N was indicated, whereas the mean precipitation δ18ONO3 (65.0±7.57‰) was significantly

different from that hillside water samples (from 3.91 to 8.84 ‰). Hillside ground water of residential

area (110 m a.s.l.) had relatively higher δ15NNO3 (8.48±1.93‰) and lower δ18ONO3 (2.97±1.93‰), and

overlapped with that of household wastewater (5.92±5.67‰, 6.99±4.65‰, respectively), however NO3−

(1.50±0.65 mg N L−1) was much higher than household wastewater (0.25±0.31 mg N L−1). Therefore,

direct input of atmospheric NO3− and household wastewater NO3

− into the hillside groundwater was not

indicated. The lowest δ18ONO3 (2.95±1.45‰) of the foothill groundwater, which had the highest NO3−,

may suggest chemical fertilizer N coming from the golf course lawn.

Keywords: atmospheric deposition, chemical fertilizer, household wastewater, nitrogen dynamics, rice

paddy watershed

P-18


58

Effects of nitrogen management and straw return on soil organic carbon

sequestration and aggregate-associated carbon

Tao Huang1, 2,*, Hao Yang2, Changchun Huang2, Xiaotang Ju1

1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, China

2School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, China

*E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and aggregate-associated carbon (C) can be strongly

affected by nitrogen (N) management and straw return. However, an in-depth understanding of the effect

of N and straw application on SOC and aggregate-associated C is lacking. After six years of five

inorganic and organic N amounts under straw removal and straw return, we investigated SOC

sequestration at a depth of 0–60-cm and soil aggregate-associated C in the topsoil (0–20 cm). The results

were as follows: (i) the 0–60-cm depth SOC stocks for all treatments except N0 increased by 2.5–25.5%

after six years, (ii) sequestered SOC was linearly correlated (P < 0.01) with estimates of C input and the

rate of C input required to maintain the SOC stock level was 3.68 Mg ha-1 year-1, (iii) application of

chemical N increased SOC mainly through an increase in coarse particulate organic matter (POM) and

silt- and clay-bound C in macroaggregates, whereas with the organic N-incorporated treatments SOC

increased mainly through an increase in intra-microaggregate POM within macroaggregates, (iv) the

main mechanism for the formation of macroaggregates was POM bound to primary particles (sand, silt

and clay) that formed microaggregates and eventually macroaggregates and (v) intra-microaggregate

POM within macroaggregates (imMPOM) is a good indicator of the efficacy of N fertilization and straw

management in stabilizing soil aggregates. In conclusion, chemical N incorporated with straw and

organic fertilizer can enhance SOC stocks, aggregate stability and aggregate-associated C, which might

promote long-term C sequestration.

Keywords: nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, straw return, soil carbon sequestration, soil aggregates

P-20



59

Application of a process-based nitrogen cycling model: Focused on the

Asian monsoon

Youngsun Kim1,*

1 Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and

Building Technology (KICT), South Korea


ABSTRACT

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is one of the most important non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs), having a

global warming potential (GWP) 310 times that of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) for a 100-year timescale. Of

the total N2O emission (6.3 Tg N yr-1), approximately 67% is induced by agricultural systems such as

fertilized agricultural soils and animal production. The rest, i.e. 2.1 Tg N yr-1 is resulted from indirect

N2O emissions including nitrogen (N) leaching and runoff, atmospheric deposition, etc. Since the

denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model was first tested against N dynamics of agricultural soils

in 1992, several versions of the DNDC such as Landscape-DNDC, NZ-DNDC, DNDC-Rice, etc were

developed for different ecosystems. Among these models, the Landscape-DNDC model, which is the

integration of agricultural-DNDC and forest-DNDC, has become a powerful tool for prediction of N2O

emission, nutrient leaching and plant growth considering soil properties and weather conditions as well

as different agricultural and forest management (e.g., seeding and harvesting date, fertilization and

tillage) at site, regional and national scales. Considering these various drivers, the Landscape-DNDC

has already tested for different ecosystems in South Korea and Philippines under monsoon conditions

and shown the significant simulation outcomes. Therefore, the simulation results of Landscape-DNDC

associated monsoon in Asia were investigated and evaluated in this study, which could further help to

estimate and assess the effects of climate change response (both mitigation and adaptation) plans and

strategies for countries of Monsoon Asia.

Acknowledgements : This research was carried out as a part of “A study on establishing strategic plan

for KICT’s climate change R＆D project (grant number 20180368-001)” funded by the Ministry of

Science and ICT, South Korea.

P-21



60

Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil surfaces and their historical

changes in East Asia: A model-based assessment

Akihiko Ito1, 2, *, Kazuya Nishina1, Kentaro Ishijima3, Shoji Hashimoto4, 5, Motoko Inatomi4

1 National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

2 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan

3Meteorological Research Institute, Japan

4Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, Japan

5The University of Tokyo, Japan


ABSTRACT

This study assessed historical changes in emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse

gas and stratospheric ozone-depleting substance, from the soils of East Asia to the atmosphere. A

process-based terrestrial ecosystem model (VISIT) was used to simulate the nitrogen cycle and

associated N2O emissions as a function of climate, land use, atmospheric deposition, and agricultural

inputs from 1901 to 2016. The mean regional N2O emission rate in the 2000s was estimated to be 2.03

Tg N2O yr–1 (1.29 Tg N yr–1; approximately one-third from natural ecosystems and two-thirds from

croplands), more than triple the rate in 1901. A sensitivity analysis suggested that the increase of N2O

emissions was primarily attributable to the increase of agricultural inputs from fertilizer and manure.

The simulated N2O emissions showed a clear seasonal cycle and interannual variability, primarily in

response to meteorological conditions and nitrogen inputs. The spatial pattern of the simulated N2O

emissions revealed hot spots in agricultural areas of China, South Korea, and Japan. The average N2O

emission factor (emission per unit nitrogen input) was estimated to be 1.38%, a value comparable to

previous estimates. These biogeochemical modeling results will facilitate identifying ways to mitigate

global warming and manage agricultural practices in this region.

Keywords: global warming, land use change, nitrogen cycle, regional budget, terrestrial ecosystem

P-23



61

Effect of green manure application on nitrous oxide emission in a sugarcane

cropland of Okinawa, Japan

Tabito Maeda1,*, Soh Sugihara1, Tomohiro Nishigaki2, Naoko Miyamaru1, Koichi Yoshida3,

Haruo Tanaka1, Akinori Yamamoto4

1Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan

2Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Japan

3Okinawa Agricultural Technology & Development Co.,Ltd, Japan

4Tokyo Gakugei University, Japan


ABSTRACT

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change.

Recently, the incorporation of green manure on sugarcane cropland is widely recommended to improve

and maintain the soil fertility in Okinawa, Japan, though it may also increase the N2O emission. Thus,

our objective was to compare the N2O emissions between the different N source application treatments,

i.e., green manure application and chemical fertilizer in Okinawa, Japan.

We conducted a field experiment from August to November 2017 (90 days in total) in a sugarcane

field in Kita-daito Island, Okinawa, Japan. Five treatment plots were established: control plot (0N),

green manure (Crotalaria juncea) plot (148 kg N ha-¹; GM), 100 and 300 kg N ha-¹ chemical fertilizer

(ammonium sulfate) plots (100N, 300N), and bare plot (B). We periodically measured N2O flux and

soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) as a substrate for nitrification and denitrification (total of 43 and 12 times,

respectively) with continuous environmental data such as rainfall and soil moisture content (SMC).

There were no clear differences in the fluctuation pattern and peaks of N2O emissions between

GM and 100N, though SIN in GM was significantly lower than that in 100N throughout the

experimental period. The higher SMC in GM than in 100N caused the favourable conditions to

microbial activity to N2O emission in GM, resulting in the similar pattern and peak. As a result, there

was no clear difference in cumulative N2O emission between GM and 100N, while the highest

cumulative N2O was recorded in 300N. In conclusion, the incorporation of green manure is an

effective management of sugarcane croplands in Okinawa, Japan, considering of not only climate

change but also sustainable soil resource management.

Keywords: nitrous oxide, green manure, sugarcane, Okinawa

P-24


62

Sulfur denitrification in riverbank soils derived from marine sedimentary

rocks

Atsushi Hayakawa1,*, Hitoshi Ota1, Ryoki Asano2, Hirotatsu Murano3, Yuichi Ishikawa1,

Tadashi Takahashi1

1Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural

University, Japan

2Department of Agro-Food Science, Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University,

Japan

3Department of Environmental Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Japan


ABSTRACT

We examined sulfur denitrification in riverbank soils at headwater catchment having marine

sedimentary rock, Japan. In the headwater stream, we sampled riverbank soils at the depth of 1.3-2.0 m

(soil A; 2 layers) and 0.0-2.4 m (soil B; 8 layers). The incubation experiment (Exp.1; used soil A1, A2)

was conducted for 40 days under anoxic condition. Samples of fresh soil were placed into glass bottles

in triplicate. A solution containing nitrate (5 mg-N L–1 as KNO3; N treatment) and nitrate and thiosulfate

(5 mg-N L–1 as KNO3 and 10 mg-S L–1 as Na2S2O3; N+S treatment) were added to the bottles,

respectively. Similarly, the incubation experiment (Exp.2; used soil B1-B8) was conducted for 5 days

using smaller bottles. NO3–, NO2

-, S2O32- and SO4

2– concentrations in the water were measured. Easily

oxidizable sulfur (EOS) content in soils was determined by the difference between H2O2-soluble sulfur

(H2O2-S) and water-soluble sulfur (H2O-S) contents. NO and N2O concentration in the headspace gas

were measured. DNA was extracted from the soil, and prokaryotic communities were analyzed using

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 16S rRNA genes. In the Exp.1, NO3- concentration decreased with

SO42-, NO, and N2O concentration increased especially with higher EOS content soil (soil A2, 1235 mgS

kg-1) and N+S treatment, which indicated sulfur denitrification occurred. Result of prokaryotic

communities analysis showed denitrifying sulfur oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus denitrificans,

Sulfuricurvum kujiense, Sulfuricurvum kujiense DSM) in the soil supporting sulfur denitrification.

However, in the lower EOS soil (soil A1, 3.9 mgS kg-1), the signals of sulfur denitrification were not

detected. In the Exp.2, signals of sulfur denitrification were also detected in the soils with higher EOS

content (B4 and B8 layers). We conclude that more NO3– will be denitrified in subsoil by sulfur-

mediated denitrification owing to the abundance of sulfides in the catchment with marine sedimentary

rocks.

Keywords: marine sedimentary rock, denitrification, easily oxidizable sulfur

P-25



63

Seasonal variation in soil microbial biomass nitrogen and mineralization

activity in a beech forest

Kazumichi Fujii1,*, Daisuke Kabeya1, Kyotaro Noguchi1, Qingmin Han1

1 Forest Soil Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Japan


ABSTRACT

Soil nitrogen (N) is one of nutrients limiting forest productivity in temperate forests. Soil

microorganisms could drive N mineralization, while they could compete for N during growth season.

Soil microbial biomass and activity could also vary depending on climatic factor (i.e., temperature) or

microbial or tree phenology (e.g., rhizosphere affect). We tested whether soil microbial biomass and N

mineralization could fluctuate seasonally, depending primarily on temperature. To test this, we selected

the temperate forest dominated by Fagus crenata, where masting was limited by N stocks in trees. The

acidic brown forest soil formed on andesite and volcanic ash (Typic Hapluands in Soil Taxonomy, 2014)

was covered with the thick organic horizons (Oi, Oe, and Oa horizons). We measured root exudation in

the Oa horizon, soil K2SO4 extractable C and N and microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN,

respectively) using chloroform-extraction method, microbial potentials of depolymerisation and

ammonification using casein or arginine assays (Fujii et al., 2018). The results showed that MBC and

MBN varied widely in the O horizons while that the seasonal variation in MBC and MBN was relatively

small in the mineral soil horizons. The MBC and MBN in the O horizons increased with temperature,

root exudation rates, and soil K2SO4 extractable C. The microbial potentials of casein depolymerisation

(or protease activity) increased with increasing air temperature in the Oi horizon, while protease

activities in the Oe and Oa horizons increased in autumn due to ectomycorrhizal response to decrease

in soil K2SO4 extractable N. Soil K2SO4 extractable N (mainly inorganic N) in the Oe and Oa horizons

accumulated during winter due to the absence of plant N uptake. The microbial potentials of arginine

ammonification (or arginase activity) increased in the latter stage of growth season to winter, consistent

with the decrease in tree and microbial N demand and accumulation of inorganic N during winter. Soil

microbial biomass and associated N demand could depend primarily on temperature or soluble C source

availability, while microbial N mineralization activity is also affected by tree and microbial phenology.

Keywords: arginase, microbial biomass, seasonal fluctuation, protease

P-26



64

Examination of analytical method for determining nitrite content in soil

Sadao Eguchi1,*, Noriko Yamaguchi2, Yasuhiro Nakajima1, 3, Shigeto Sudo4

1 Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO (NIAES),

Japan

2 Division of Hazardous Chemicals, NIAES, Japan

3 Advanced Analysis Center, NARO (NAAC), Japan

4 Division of Climate Change, NIAES, Japan


ABSTRACT

Nitrite (NO2–) is the intermediate product of nitrification and denitrification and serves as a central

player in the local- and global-scale biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen (N). Despite of its fundamental

importance, in particular as a precursor of nitrous oxide (N2O), in situ soil NO2– content is often reported

as below quantification/detection limit and understanding of NO2– behaviour in field soil is still limited.

Usually, NO2– in soil is extracted by potassium chloride (KCl) solution; however, soil acidity is extracted

at the same time and the suspended solution pH decreases significantly. Lower pH enhances abiotic

reduction of NO2– to nitrous acid (HNO2), of which gaseous form (HONO) is volatilized rapidly during

shaking, resulting in significant underestimation of the soil NO2– content. Alternatively, use of slightly

alkaline KCl solution or water for extracting NO2– in soil has been proposed; however, their applicability

to Andisols which are characterized by high anion adsorption capacity (AEC) and high humus content

has not been examined. In this study, extractability of NO2– in soil for different depths of a vegetable

field of Andisol to a depth of 2 m was compared between different extractants such as water, KCl

solution, slightly alkaline KCl solution (pH >8), dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (pH >10),

etc. Overall, soil NO2– extractability was higher with alkaline solutions, and it was the highest with dilute

NaOH solution. However, NO2– extractability was highly overestimated for the soil samples of humic

horizons because of interference effects of the extracted humic acid on either colorimetric or ion

chromatographic determinations. These results suggest that soil NO2– should be extracted by alkaline

solutions and determined after removing the extracted humic acid; moreover, soil NO2– and NH4

+ should

be extracted separately with different solutions because the latter should be volatilized under alkaline

conditions.

Keywords: pH, abiotic reduction, soil acidity, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide, humic acid

P-27



65

Mitigating N2O emissions from agricultural soils by fungivorous mites

Haoyang Shen1,*, Yutaka Shiratori2, Sayuri Ohta2, Yoko Masuda1, Keishi Senoo1, 3

1Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan

2Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Japan

3Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Japan


ABSTRACT

Agricultural soils are main sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas and

ozonedepleting substance. Although efforts have been made to explore methods to mitigate N2O

emissions from agricultural soils, practical mitigation options are still lacking. N2O emissions from soils

are mainly resulted from microbial processes including denitrification and nitrification of soil bacteria,

archaea and fungi. However, the involved ecological processes are largely unknown. Here, we show that

the fungivorous mite, a dominant group of soil mesofauna, plays an important role in regulating soil

N2O emissions by feeding on N2O-producing fungi and could be used for mitigating N2O emissions

from agricultural soils. In a sweetcorn field applied with organic fertilizer, we observed a considerable

decrease of N2O emissions and an increase of fungivorous mite abundances after coconut husk (in chips),

a natural soil conditioner, was applied to the soil. However, no N2O mitigation was observed when husk

was applied together with miticide. Therefore, we hypothesized that by increasing fungivorous mite

abundances, husk application to soils would suppress the growth of N2O-producing fungi and thus

mitigate N2O emissions. Two microcosm experiments were performed to verify this hypothesis. Firstly,

when 40 mites were applied to 200 g of soil, decreases of fungal 18S rRNA gene abundances by 32%

and N2O emissions by 36% were observed, indicating a N2O mitigation caused by fungi consumptions

by mites; Secondly, when 1 g of husk was applied accompanying with mites, a 30% lower N2O emission

and a 77% higher mite abundance were obtained compared to the soil applied with only mites, indicating

an enhancement of mite reproduction by the husk application. Our findings reveal an ecological

relationship between fungivorous mites and N2O emissions, which may provide a new strategy for

mitigating soil N2O emissions.

Keywords: Greenhouse gas, N2O mitigation, N2O-producing fungi, fungivorous mite, coconut husk

Acknowledgement: This research was supported by grants from the Project of the NARO Bio-oriented

Technology Research Advancement Institution (Research program on development of innovative

technology).

P-29



66

Survey on clarification of the delay phenomenon of nitrogen leaching from

upland fields

Hisao Kuroda1,*, Tatsumi Kitamura2, Xiaolan Lin3

1 College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Japan

2Ibaraki Kasumigaura Environmental Science Center, Japan.

3United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,

Japan


ABSTRACT

Overused nitrogen fertilizer into upland field is change the nitrate nitrogen and leaching from

upland fields. Therefore, if there is a closed watershed body such as a lake on the downstream, it is

considered as a pollution source of eutrophication. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the nitrogen

dynamics in the lower soil of the upland field. In this study, a boring survey was conducted at five

different land use area. We analyzed nitrogen dynamics in the lower soil by conducting a boring survey

up to a depth of 10 m in fertilized areas in urban and forest areas and fertilized areas in upland field,

greenhouse for melon cultivation, and waste land areas. The investigation area is the Hokota River basin

of Lake Kasumigaura in Ibaraki prefecture where nitrogen contamination is remarkable. The waste land

has become a swimming pool for nearly 30 years, which had become upland fields in the past, and it

was demolished about three years ago. The results showed that nitrate nitrogen components mainly

accumulated in the lower soil exceeding 10 mgL-1 in upland field with nitrogen fertilizer. In the waste

land, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the upper layer corresponding to three years after demolition

of the swimming pool was very low and the lower layer was found to be high concentration. On the

other hand, the nitrogen concentration in the forest with no fertilizer was low, and there was no

concentration of nitrate nitrogen in urban areas. From these results, it became clear that nitrogen

fertilizer without uptake by crops leaches together with the infiltration water. In addition, since the

infiltration rate is about 1 m-1.

Keywords: nitrate nitrogen, upland field, overused fertilizer, infiltration rate, accumulated nitrogen

P-30



67

The effects of pH and O2 concentration to the abiotic transformations of

NO2- in filter-sterilized soil extracts

Naoto Tanaka1,*, Hikaru Kawai 1, Tomoki Oda2, Megumi Kuroiwa1, Yuichi Suwa1

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Japan

2 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan


ABSTRACT

Nitrite (NO2-) is an intermediate in a number of soil N transformation processes. Since NO2

- is

reactive, abiotic NO2- reactions are expected to be important in the soil N transformations. For example,

some reactions contribute to abiotic NO, N2O, N2 and NO3- production. These abiotic reactions are: the

self-decomposition of NO2-, reactions of NO2

- with reduced metal cations, nitrosation of soil organic

matter by NO2-, the selfdecomposition of HNO2. (Heil et al .,2016). These reactions are influenced by

environmental factors such as O2 availability and pH. Therefore, to clarify significance of abiotic NO2-

transformations and influence of O2 availability and pH on these reactions are important to understand

N transformations in soils.

In previous studies, sterilization techniques such as autoclaving and γ-irradiation are generally used

to investigate abiotic NO2- reactions. However, these sterilization methods likely to alter soil chemical

and physical properties significantly (Powlson & Jenkinson, 1976). Thus, in this study, we used soil

extract sterilized by filtration through 0.20μm filter instead of the sterilized soils. Our objectives are; to

investigate whether the soil extract components promote the abiotic NO2- transformations or not; and to

investigate the pathways of abiotic NO2- transformations and the influences of O2 availability and pH to

these reactions.

Soil sampling was carried out at a short steep slope in two temperate forests in the Kanto region. We

collected soils from 0-10cm layer of mineral soils at upper, middle and lower part of a slope in each

forest. We added 15NO2- to a final concentration of 1mM to sterilized soil extracts and measured

concentration and isotopic ratio of gaseous products (NO, N2O, N2), NO2-, and NO3

- using GC-MS.

Results indicated that NO was produced pH-dependently, however, production of N2O and N2 were

accelerated by solute in soil extracts.

Keywords: chemodenitrification, N cycling, nitrite, abiotic reaction, soil solute

P-31


68

Possible sources of ammonium in shallow groundwater of vegetable fields in

Central Vietnam

Morihiro Maeda1,*, Takuya Fujimura1, Van Hoang Ngoc Tuong1, Daisuke Inoue2,

Hidetaka Chikamori1, Fujio Hyodo3

1 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Japan

2 Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan

3 Research Core for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Japan


ABSTRACT

High concentrations of ammonium ions (NH4+) were reported in shallow groundwater in vegetable

fields located in the downstream areas of the Huong River, Central Vietnam. The objective of this study

was to determine possible sources of NH4+ in groundwater of the study site. Sewage water would not

flow into the groundwater because the fields were more than 50 m away from the residential area. In

this study, we tested three hypotheses: (i) NH4+ derived from fertilizer or manure applied to the fields

was transported to groundwater thorough soil, (ii) nitrate (NO3-) produced as a result of nitrification in

topsoil was transferred to deep soil and again transformed to NH4+ by dissimilatory nitrate reduction

(DNRA), or (iii) nitrogen mineralization occurred in deep soil. Soil samples were collected up to 240

cm from a vegetable production field in Quang Thang Commune, Central Vietnam in June (dry season)

and November (rainy season) of 2016 and 2017. The groundwater table existed at 60 or 70 cm in June

and 30 cm in November. Concentrations of NH4+ in PVC pipe wells fluctuated between 1 and 3 mg N

L-1. Soil NH4+ was not detected in the 30‒80 cm layer whereas those contents in the 0‒10 and 150‒240

cm layers were 2‒6 mg kg-1 and 5‒20 mg kg-1, respectively, indicating that NH4+ was not transferred to

layers deeper than 30 cm. The absence of a functional gene of DNRA (nrfA) in the 150‒240 cm soil

layer shows that DNRA did not occur in this deep layer. Natural abundance values of 15N (δ15N) for soil

NH4+ (+3.6 to 5.5‰) were similar to those in soil total N (+1.9 to 3.6‰) in the 150‒240 cm layer. In

addition, anaerobically incubated soil from the 140‒160 cm layer was mineralized by 1‒2 mg NH4+-N

kg-1 for 8 weeks. These experimental results suggest that the high concentration of NH4+ found in wells

results from mineralization of deep soil.

Keywords: ammonium, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, groundwater, mineralization, Vietnam

P-32



69

Application of nitrogen removal formula with improved temperature factor

Xiaolan Lin1,*, Tadamasa Saito2, Koshi Yoshida3, Shigeya Maeda3, Hisao Kuroda3

1 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and

Technology (TUAT), Japan

2Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Japan



ABSTRACT

Tabuchi et al. (1985) proposed a nitrogen removal formula to simply estimate nitrogen removal rate

of paddy fields and it is calculated using by inlet nitrogen concentration and temperature. The purpose

for this study is to improve general applicability and accuracy of the formula and we proposed a new

nitrogen removal formula of R = X {0.00002 (D*T)2 + 0.005}. Here, R is the nitrogen removal rate (g

m-2 d-1), X is the initial inlet nitrogen concentration (mg L-1), T is the temperature (degrees Celsius), and

D is the temperature correction factor (D = 1.3). We improved this formula from measured data in a

non-infiltration and non-vegetated at flooded paddy field from January 2015 to December 2016.

For verification, we extended the collection period from January 2015 to May 2018, and compared

the actual measured value and calculated value of nitrogen removal rate. As a result, it was found that

the nitrogen removal rate can be estimated without the measured temperature if the inlet nitrogen

concentration is known. We calculated the average of integrated hour temperature from the AMeDAS

hour temperature data by Japan Meteorological Agency. Average of integrated hour temperature was

calculated from 48 hours before the survey start time (14 o'clock). The value of R2 changed greatly until

14 hours before the survey time but after that it stabilized between 0.65 and 0.70. Using the average of

integrated hour temperature, the R2 value exceeds 0.6. This value was sufficiently accurate even when

compared with the actual water temperature. Also, it can be confirmed that the average of integrated

hour temperature is no big error if it is AMeDAS data within about 40 km. From the above, it is possible

to calculate the nitrogen removal rate over a wide range if the nitrogen input concentration is known.

Keywords: paddy field, nitrogen removal rate, temperature

P-33



70

Nitrogen removal rate of flooded paddy fields in Japan

Xiaolan Lin1,*, Hisao Kuroda2, Sadao Eguchi3

1 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and

Technology (TUAT), Japan


3 Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO (National

Agriculture and Food Research Organization), Japan


ABSTRACT

The aerobic-anaerobic interface formed beneath the submerged soil surface of flooded rice paddy

is one of the most active denitrification hotspots not only in the watershed but also in the global

environment. Thus, quantitative estimate of in situ denitrification rate in paddy fields is essentially

required to develop sustainable management strategies to control the local and global scale nitrogen (N)

cycle. This study intended to develop a simple empirical equation to estimate in situ N removal rate in

flooded rice paddy field. We used N removal instead of denitrification because the former can be

calculated from the N balance of measurable components, whereas the latter is very difficult to be

determined in situ. We collected the literatures that include detailed N balance or N removal rate of

flooded rice paddy in Japan, measured under various field, lysimeter, and laboratory conditions, to

extract or recalculate N removal rate per unit area and unit time by considering all N input and output

pathways except biological N fixation and N mineralization/immobilization in soil. The obtained 238

data from 44 literatures which were published from 1976 to 2014 showed that the N removal rate

positively and significantly correlated with N input, yielding a regression line with a slope of about

0.256, of which value reasonably coincide with those proposed by Seitzinger (2006) for rivers, lakes,

estuaries, continental shelves, etc., as well as by Tabuchi (1986) for paddies and wetlands. The database

also showed that the N removal rate in summer is approximately twice as large as in winter; there might

be a maximum plateau of about 1 g N m–2 d–1; and there would be no significant effects of vegetation

cover on N removal rate. These findings should be used to estimate N removal rates in various types of

rice paddy fields.

Keywords: denitrification hotspot, nitrogen balance, submerged soil, aerobic-anaerobic interface,

biological nitrogen fixation

P-34



71

Relationship between atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition and plant

species loss: A weight-of-evidence investigation

Qun Wang1, 3,*, Yoko Kumon2, Binle Lin3, Kazuya Inoue3, Mianqiang Xue3, Zhenya Zhang1,

Masaaki Hosomi2

1Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

2Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial

Science and Technology, Japan

3Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan


ABSTRACT

Nitrogen deposition has been recognized as a threat to plant diversity in terrestrial ecosystem.

Nitrogen accumulation can change species composition in the ecosystem by driving the competitive

interactions and make conditions unfavorable for some species. As the first exploratory investigation,

we investigated the relationship between nitrogen deposition amount and plant diversity loss in Japan

by collecting the data of the long term of annual nitrogen deposition in eight monitoring sites and the

plant species in corresponding sites, and then analyzing the relationship, extrapolating the potential

species richness loss based on the finding of Stevens et al. The results showed that the nitrogen

deposition amount exhibited an increasing trend over year in most of the monitoring sites in Japan,

especially in urban areas. In the Aichi forest, the plant species decreased by 14 species between 1990

and 2010, 9 of which were shrubs. The potential decreased species richness ranged from 1 to 3 as the

amount of nitrogen deposition increased in the past two decades. Even this study presents the result of

reductions in plant diversity caused by increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition from a weight-of-

evidence investigative approach, our finding suggests that species diversity should be protected from

the perspective of controlling nitrogen inputs.

Keywords: nitrogen deposition, plant diversity loss, nitrogen control

P-35



72

Effects of N deposition and soil nitrogen availability on nitrogen isotope

ratio (δ15N) in forest trees in Ibaraki, Japan

Ayumi Tanaka-Oda 1, 2,*, Yoshiyuki Inagaki 3, Keizo Hirai 1, Midori Yano 4, Keisuke Koba 4

1 Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan

2 Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Japan

3 Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan

4Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan


ABSTRACT

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition has been disturbed N cycle in forest ecosystem; however

impacts of N deposition for plant N source and N-uptake strategies are still unknown. Plant N isotope

ratio (δ15N) reflects the δ15N of the plant N source such as the preference of soil inorganic N (NH4+ and

NO3-) and ectomycorrhizal association. To understand the effect of the changes on soil N status by N

deposition for the plants N uptake traits, we compare δ15N in plant and soil inorganic N between two

forest sites where N load levels were different. N deposition was about 1.5 times larger Tsukuba site

than that of Katsura site in Ibaraki, Japan. We sampled soil from the upper and lower slope in each site

and measured extracted inorganic N concentration and δ15N by the the denitrifier method for highly

sensitiveδ15N determination of inorganic N. We also analyzed leaf N content and δ15N values of 17 woody

species and estimated plant N source using δ15N values of the soil inorganic N. The NO3- dominated

through Tsukuba site and the δ15N value of NO3- was relatively constant (-2.6 ± 0.1‰). In contrast, NH4

+

and NO3- dominated in upper and lower slope positions respectively in Katsura. The leaf δ15N values in

Tsukuba were similar with soil δ15N-NO3- values in all species; for example, mean leaf δ15N values in

upper and lower slopes were -2.89 ± 0.31‰ and -2.83 ± 0.17‰, respectively. In Katsura site where soil

N may be limited, the leaf δ15N values significantly varied among species compared with Tsukuba site

(-3.60 ± 0.58‰ in upper site and -4.72 ± 0.58‰ in lower site). In addition, the leaf δ15N variation

increased with decreasing of soil N content. In conclusion, the increment of soil nitrogen availability by

N deposition may modify N source of plant species and decrease variations of plant N absorbing

strategies.

Keywords: nitrogen deposition, inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen isotope, sensitive denitrifier method,

nitrogen source

P-36

mailto:ayu3in@


73

Regional assessment of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in East Asia using

the dry deposition inferential method

Satomi Ban1, 2,*, Kazuhide Matsuda2, Keiichi Sato3, Tsuyoshi Ohizumi3

1Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, Japan

2Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan

3Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Japan


ABSTRACT

In order to investigate the state of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in East Asia, we carried out a

measurement-based assessment on regional scale in cooperation with the Acid Deposition Monitoring

Network in East Asia (EANET). We estimated the dry deposition amounts of HNO3, NH3 and SO2 in

gas phase, and NO3-, NH4

+ and SO42+ in aerosol phase by an inferential method arranging for using

monthly mean inputs of meteorological data.

The inferential method estimates the dry deposition based on the following equation: F = C Vd,

where F is the dry deposition flux, C is the atmospheric concentration, and Vd is the deposition velocity.

The Vd is calculated by inputting meteorological data to the resistance model. Although hourly

meteorological data are usually requested, only monthly meteorological data were disclosed in the data

reports of EANET. Therefore we arranged the inferential method that reasonably calculates the Vd by

inputting monthly meteorological data. To take into account the enhancement of uptake by wet surface,

we estimated the ratio of wet surface period within the month based on monthly mean relative humidity.

The total (dry and wet) nitrogen and sulfur depositions in 2016 at 21 sites in 5 countries in East

Asia were in the range of 38 (Indonesia, Serpong) to 1.2 (Russia, Mondy) kg N ha-1 year-1 and 30

(Vietnam, Yen Bai) to 0.4 (Russia, Mondy) kg S ha-1 year-1, respectively. The high amounts of deposition

and the ratios of reduced nitrogen to total nitrogen deposition were relatively high in southern part of

East Asia. The ratios of dry deposition to total deposition were high in the inland areas due to the low

precipitation.

Keywords: dry deposition, reactive nitrogen, oxidised nitrogen, reduced nitrogen, EANET

P-38



74

Estimating carbon and nitrogen pools of 70-year-old Pinus densiflora

forests in central Korea with a forest carbon and nitrogen model

Hyungsub Kim1,*, Jongyeol Lee2, Seongjun Kim2, Seung Hyun Han1, Yowhan Son1


University, Korea



ABSTRACT

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles are strongly coupled, and studies modeling forest C and N

pools and fluxes have taken attention. This study aimed to develop a forest C and N model, IFCANC

(Integrated Forest CArbon and Nitrogen Cycle), by integrating six N cycle processes (N deposition,

biological N fixation, N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and N leaching) and three N pools

(biomass, dead organic matter, soil) into the existing FBDC (Forest Biomass and Dead organic matter

Carbon) model, which simulates forest C dynamics. The IFCANC model connects C and N cycles by

constraining biomass growth when N availability is low, and adjusting N mineralization rate with C

content and C:N ratio of litter. The C pools of 70-year-old P. densiflora forests in central Korea were

simulated by the IFCANC model. In addition, the IFCANC model was evaluated by comparing the

simulated N pools to the observed N pools (n=6). The simulated C pools were 130.31±26.34 (Mg C ha-

1), and changes of the pools were 1.34 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. The simulated N pools (Mg N ha-1) for biomass,

dead organic matter, and soil in 70-year-old P. densiflora forests were 0.52±0.10, 0.09±0.02, and

3.17±0.59, respectively, showing an agreement to the observed N pools (r2=0.98, 0.96, and 0.98,

respectively). The changes of N pools (kg N ha-1 yr-1) for biomass, dead organic matter, and soil were

0.99, 0.17, and 0.34. The newly developed forest C and N model could be utilized to quantify C and N

pools, considering the interaction between forest C and N dynamics.

Keywords: carbon and nitrogen pools, IFCANC model, integrating carbon and nitrogen cycles, model

development, Korean red pine



P-39



75

Improving denitrification models by including bacterial and periphytic

biofilm in a shallow water-sediment system

Yongqiu Xia1,*, She Dongli2, Wenjuan Zhang2, Yonghong Wu1, Xiaoyuan Yan1

1 Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, China

2 Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environments in

Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,

Hohai University, China


ABSTRACT

Denitrification is one of the most challenging nitrogen (N)-cycling processes to quantify due to

complex interactions among influencing factors. In shallow water-sediment systems, ubiquitous

periphytic biofilms consisting of a consortium of algae, bacteria, and nutrients account for additional

interactions. The challenge in improving denitrification models is to determine how each factor directly

affects denitrification and how those factors indirectly impact denitrification via interactions with other

factors. We combined incubation experiments and structural equation modeling (SEM) to reveal the

interaction networks of biotic and abiotic factors and their roles in net denitrification. The N species in

the sediment exerted much greater control over net denitrification than that exerted by the N species in

the water column. In addition, the relative abundances of denitrifier and nitrifier genes in the sediment

showed a dominant control over net denitrification that was similar to the control byN species but was

affected by abiotic factors. Periphytic biofilm increased net denitrification both directly and indirectly

by altering the pH and the dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and N

concentrations in the water column and sediment. The overall contribution of periphytic biofilm to net

denitrification was less than that of the sediment but greater than that of the water column. Our findings

highlight the importance of incorporating bacterial denitrifier and nitrifier genes and periphytic biofilm

characteristics during model construction when predicting denitrification in a water-sediment system.

Keywords: N species, denitrification rate, bacterial denitrifiers and nitrifiers, periphytic biofilm,

structural equation modeling

P-40



76

Preliminary estimation of national nitrogen budget in South Korea:

II. Forest ecosystems

Gwangeun Kim1, *, Jusub Kim1, Seung Hyun Han1, Seongjun Kim2, Jongyeol Lee2, Yowhan Son1,※

1 Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea

University, Korea



ABSTRACT

In forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) is generally considered to be the major factor limiting forest

growth, and therefore establishing N budget is being required. This study aimed to estimate national N

budget for forest ecosystems of South Korea from 2005 to 2014. Based on “Guidance document on

national nitrogen budgets” reported by Expert Panel on Nitrogen Budgets, we calculated the N budget

consisting of stocks (biomass, dead organic matter and soil) and flows (inflow: atmospheric N deposition

and biological N fixation, outflow: N emissions, leaching and forest products). On average, the total N

stock was 38,792.7 kt N. The N stock of biomass, dead organic matter, and soil accounted for 6.4, 4.3,

and 89.3% of the total N stock, respectively. The average annual N inflow (123.7 kt N yr-1) was 423%

greater than the average annual N outflows (29.2 kt N yr-1). Atmospheric N deposition and biological N

fixation occupied 66.6% and 33.4% of the total inflows, and N emissions, leaching, and forest products

occupied 5.8%, 92.2% and 2.0% of the total outflow, respectively. These results indicate that forest

ecosystems in South Korea act as N sink, and the majority of N stores in the soil. This N budget could

not estimate stock changes because data on dead organic matter and soil stock were only available at

one period of time. There are not enough data to determine reliable emission factors such as N

concentration of tree and precipitation. These uncertainties could be reduced by further investigations

about more detailed and verified activity data and emission factors. Our findings would serve as a basis

for developing N budget for forest ecosystems of South Korea.

Keywords: national nitrogen budget, forest, sink, flow and stock

Acknowledgement: This study was supported by National Research Foundation (2018RIA2B6001012).

P-41



77

Can N loading mitigate the negative ozone effects on two-species larch

seedlings?

Tetsuto Sugai1,*, Toshihiro Watanabe2, Hayato Maruyama2, Kazuhito Kita3, Takayoshi Koike2

1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan

2 Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan

3 Hokkaido Forest Research Institute, HRO, Japan


ABSTRACT

The impacts of elevated concentrations of nitrogen (N) deposition and ground-level ozone (O3) on

forest ecosystem have been still concerned in Asia. Effects of N deposition, especially N loading on soil,

could promote tree growth and physiological activities to the stage 0~1 as Aber et al. (1989) whereas

the excess deposition over stage 2~3 will surely induce nutrient imbalances. On the other hand, elevated

O3 impacts suppress physiological processes such as photosynthetic reactions and finally reduce the

plant growth. Larch (Larix sp.) has been major afforestation species in Northeast Asian because their

high growth rate and adaptability to harsh conditions. However, it has been suffering from biotic stresses,

e.g. grazing by voles. Although we developed hybrid larch F1 (L. gmelinii var. japonica x L. kaempferi)

to overcome these difficulties, knowledge for the combined effects of N loading and elevated O3 on

these larches is still limited.

We investigated whether N loading mitigates O3 impacts on two larch species: the Japanese larch

(L. kaempferi) and its hybrid larch F1 or not. In this study, N loading treatment was applied at two-week-

intervals using (NH4)2SO4 dissolved in 500 ml tap water to simulate recent N deposition such as

particulate matter PM2.5 [Target level: 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1]. We used open-top cambers to expose pot

seedlings to elevated O3 during two growing seasons [Target level: 60 nmol mol−1]. Totally, we set 4

treatments groups: tap water + ambient O3 (Control); N loading + ambient O3 (N); tap water + elevated

O3 (O3) and N loading + elevated O3 (N + O3).

Results showed N loading mitigated negative effects of O3 on Japanese larch. However, in hybrid

larch F1, N loading did not mitigate O3-induced inhibition on growth and photosynthetic capacity. We

concluded that mitigation effect of N loading on O3 impact varies even between the two species of larch

seedlings.

Keywords: nitrogen loading, ground-level ozone, combined effects, larch, hybrid larch F1

P-42



78

Dissolved nitrogen dynamics in two forested watersheds with different

atmospheric nitrogen inputs in Ibaraki, Japan

Masahiro Kobayashi1,*, Shuichiro Yoshinaga2, Yuko Itoh1, Yoshiki Shinomiya1, Yoshio Tsuboyama1,

Koji Tamai1, Takanori Shimizu1, Naoki Kabeya3

1 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization,

Japan

2 Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and

Management Organization, Japan

3 Kushu Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and

Management Organization, Japan


Abstract

Long-term excess input of reactive nitrogen into forested ecosystems has caused nitrogen

saturation in various regions over the world. In Japan, high nitrate concentrations in stream water have

been observed in forested areas surrounding the Tokyo metropolitan area. We observed the

concentration and flux of dissolved nitrogen of bulk precipitation, throughfall, litter leachate, soil water,

and stream water at two forested watersheds with deferent atmospheric nitrogen input; Katsura

experimental forest (KEF) with low deposition and Tsukuba experimental forest (TEF) with high

deposition. The nitrogen deposition by throughfall at TEF was almost twice as large as that at KEF,

while the depositions by bulk precipitation at two sites were almost the same, suggesting larger dry

deposition in TEF. The soil nitrate nitrogen flux at 100 cm depth was lower than 0.5 kg ha-1 y-1 at KEF,

indicating very low leaching of nitrogen from the ecosystem. In contrast, high rate of nitrogen leaching

exceeding 50 kg ha-1 y-1 was observed at the same depth of soil in TEF. The nitrogen runoff as stream

water were 1.9 kg ha-1 y-1 at KEF and 11 kg ha-1 y-1 at TEF. These results suggest that the nitrogen input

in TEF would be much larger than the ecological demand.

Keywords: forest, nitrogen saturation, precipitation, soil water, stream water

P-43



79

Evaluation of ecosystem services related with nitrogen dynamics in

Japanese cedar plantations

Yoshiyuki Inagaki1,*, Kyotaro Noguchi2, Keizo Hiraii3

1 Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Japan

2 Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Japan

3 Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Japan


ABSTRACT

Ecosystem services related to the nitrogen dynamics of forest ecosystems were evaluated from an

economic perspective. The benefits of wood production and medical costs were obtained from published

studies and applied for Japanese cedar plantations in Ibaraki prefecture with high and low nitrogen

deposition (Tukuba; high deposition site, Katsura; low deposition site). Four ecosystem services

evaluated are wood supply, reduction of medical costs by removal of atmospheric nitrogen, medical

costs for drinking water, and medical costs for pollen allergy. Similar wood supply benefits emerged

between both sites (Tsukuba; 53,200 yen/ha/yr, Katsura; 65,500 yen/ha/yr). In the Tsukuba area with

high nitrogen deposition, medical costs were greatly reduced due to the removal of nitrogen from the

atmosphere (Tsukuba; 32,900 yen/ha/yr, Katsura; 15,800 yen/ha/yr), while the medical cost of nitrates

in stream water was relatively low in both areas (Tsukuba; 2,130 yen/ha/yr, Katsura; 370 yen/ha/yr).

The Tsukuba area also featured very high male cone production, which incurred high medical costs for

pollen allergy (Tsukuba; 48,230 yen/ha/yr, Katsura; 22,100 yen/ha/yr). These results suggest that

analysis of economic values in relation to forest nitrogen dynamics can provide valuable insights into

the relative importance of ecosystem services.

Keywords: nitrogen cycling, Japanese cedar forest, wood production, pollen allergy, medical cost

P-44



80

Composition influence on NH4 adsorption by sodium cobalt

hexacyanoferrate (NaCoHCF)

Nan Zhang1, 2,*, Durga Parajuli2, Yong Jiang1, 2, Zhongfang Lei1, Zhenya Zhang1, Tohru Kawamoto2

1School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan

2Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and

Technology (AIST), Japan


ABSTRACT

Surplus ammonium has always been a serious problem, especially when it refers to problems such

as eutrophication or ammonium inhibition in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The removal and

fixing of ammonium have been a concern for researchers and traditional methods of precipitation,

microbial treatment and membrane separation were brought up. Adsorption methods received huge

attention due to its high efficiency and easy operation. Prussian Blue Analogues (PBA), a kind of porous

coordination polymer, was recently discovered to be a potential adsorbent for ammonium with excellent

performance of both adsorption capacity and selectivity.1 Sodium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (NaCoHCF)

is a kind of PBA and was proved to have an adsorption capacity of 3.97 mol/kg for ammonium, which

is a high value compared with conventional adsorbents such as natural zeolite (2.36 mol/kg) and

activated carbon (0.23 mol/kg).2 However, the influence of PBA’s composition on NH4 adsorption by

PBA has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, sodium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (NaCoHCF) with

the Fe(CN)6/Co ratio ranging between 0.555-0.982 was used for NH4 adsorption. With Fe(CN)6/Co ratio

increasing from 0.555 to 0.809, NH4 adsorption amount quickly rised from 2.18 mol/kg to 3.82 mol/kg.

The increment of NH4 adsorption amount with composition variation indicated a Na+- NH4 exchange

mechanism because Na content in the NaCoHCF also increased with the Fe(CN)6/Co ratio. The

adsorption kinetic study of NH4 using the most stable NaCoHCF showed a fast equilibrium time of

about 3 hours and kinetic curves can be best fitted with Pseudo-second order model. Langmuir model

was used for modelling of the adsorption isotherm and a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.35 mol/kg

was estimated for NaCoHCF at its most stable composition.

Keywords: adsorption, ammonium, sodium cobalt hexacyanoferrate, cation exchange

P-45



81

High Performance Catch & Release Properties of Ammonia Gas at High

Temperature by using Cobalt-HCC toward NH3 recovery technology in N-

cycling

Tohru Nakamura1,*, Yong Jiang1,2, Akira Takahashi1, Tohru Kawamoto1, Miyuki Asai1,3, Nan

Zhang1,2, Zhongfang Lei2, Zhenya Zhang2, Keisuke Kojima4, Kenta Imoto5, Kosuke Nakagawa5, Shin-

ichi Ohkoshi5

1Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

(AIST), Japan

2Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

3Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Japan

4Institute of Technology, SHIMIZU CORPORATION, Japan

5Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan


ABSTRACT

Ammonia is a crucial material in industrial fields but harmful and odor; thus, its concentration,

emission and recycling should be controlled in nitrogen(N)-cycling concept. In recent years,

adsorption/desorption of ammonia gas has received considerable attention using sorbents at high

temperatures from the viewpoint of practical conversion and recycling technologies, e.g. high-

temperature removal of ammonia gas in coal-processing, and removal of unburned NH3 from diesel

engines using selective catalytic reduction at high temperature (150 to 400°C), and removal of pollutants

from diesel engines using the selective catalytic reduction at high temperature up to 300 °C. In

connection with these related fields, we found that, specifically in researches of gas adsorption-

desorption process, cobalt hexacyano- cobaltate (CoII3 [CoIII (CN) 6]2, CoHCC) possesses good

adsorption capacities of NH3 even at high temperatures, with thermal recyclability in adsorption–

desorption process. CoHCC is demonstrated to be able to adsorb great volumes of ammonia molecules

reversibly even at heating temperatures, which is a bench-top record at present. And surprisingly, the

properties of CoHCC can maintain after adsorbing/desorbing ammonia gas, even under moderately

humid conditions at high temperatures over 250°C. We expect that temperature swing adsorption (TSA)

of NH3 gas can be applied using CoHCC to catch/release NH3 gas for practical applications in the field

of nitrogen cycling.

P-46



82

Ammonium ion recovery system from sewage water for practical

application by column-type adsorbent of coper hexacyanoferrate

Hisashi Tanaka1,*, Masayuki Fujimoto1, 2, Masami Kawakami1, Akira Takahashi1, Nagy L. Torad1,

Kimitaka Minami1, Tohru Kawamoto1

1NanoMaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and

Technology (AIST), Japan

2Fuso Corporation, Japan


ABSTRACT

In the process of decomposing sewage sludge, the presence of ammonia/ammonium ion is a crucial

factor that inhibits its methane fermentation. The ammonia/ammonium ion is generated by decomposing

nitrogen-containing organic matter in sewage sludge. Since this ammonium ion is eliminated by

nitrification at present, the generated ammonium ion is impossible to recover, and an air-bubbling at this

process takes a considerable cost. Therefore, if an efficient ammonium ion recovery is realized, the cost

for nitrification and denitrification can be reduced, and one of the ammonium circulation system can be

realized by recycling recovered ammonium ion, such as fertilizer etc.

We adopted a pelletized potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (KCuHCF) as an adsorbent because of

its high selectivity, high capacity, and quick adsorbability for ammonium ion. Ammonium ion was

selectively adsorbed from a sewage sludge filtrate containing various coexisting organic/inorganic ions

by passing the filtrate solution through the adsorbent packed in a column. We also succeeded in

regenerating the column and obtaining a concentrated solution of released ammonium ion by passing a

high concentration of potassium ion solution through this adsorbed column. Even after 50 cycles of

ammonium ion adsorption and regeneration test, the column adsorbent showed no obvious deterioration

in its adsorption performances.

Part of these experiments was carried out at the Saga City Sewage Treatment Center under the

cooperation of Saga city.

Keywords: ammonium recovery, sewage water, column system, copper hexacyanoferrate, adsorption

and desorption

P-47



83

Summary of Japanese reactive nitrogen management policies

Kazuya Nishina1,*, Kentaro Hayashi2, Sadao Eguchi2

1 Regional Environmental research center , National Institute for Environmtanl Studies (NIES), Japan

2 Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan


ABSTRACT

Japanese reactive N management policies exist in various relevant laws and acts issued by the

competent ministries and therefore it is hard to comprehend whole framework of Japanese reactive

nitrogen policy. To the initial step of integrated reactive nitrogen management, we have compiled the

relevant Japanese law and acts for reactive nitrogen in environment. As far, we have listed about 20

laws and acts, which address the reactive nitrogen issue. The Basic Environmental Law (enactment and

implementation in 1993) is the basis of environmental acts and provide basic environment plan. This

law defined the environmental quality standards for reactive nitrogen for atmospheric and water

environments. For instance, NOx standard value for residential area is 0.04-0.06 ppm as daily average

or less. Ground water and drinking water; Nitrate nitrogen & Nitrite nitrogen 10 mg-N/L or less and no

detection for a cyanide. For other water environment (i.e., lake, closed water area), they have different

standards, according to the purpose of use. The other criteria for reactive nitrogen in atmospheric

environment is for NH3, which was odor intensity defined in Offensive Odor Control Law. Various

control laws are established to keep the environmental quality standards by regulating the reactive

nitrogen emissions (e.g., Air Pollution Control Law, Water Pollution Control Law, Sewerage Act,

Industrial Safety and Health Act, and so on). In specific area, local public entity has own standard and

control acts. Also, the acts in the outside of framework environmental basic laws play important roles

for reactive nitrogen managements. For example, National Land Survey Act obliges to monitor the water

quality for ground water and main water system at national wide. “Act on the Appropriate Treatment

and Promotion of Utilization of Livestock Manure” and “Soil Fertility Enhancement Act” are strongly

related to the reactive nitrogen management in farming systems.

Keywords: policies, Japanese laws and acts, reactive nitrogen management

P-48



84

Development of guidance document for the N impact assessment

methodology for humans and nature

Hideaki Shibata1,*, Jill Baron2, Allison Leach3, Azusa Oita4, Timothy Weinmann5

1Hokkaido University, Japan

2US Geological Survey, USA

3University of New Hampshire, USA

4Tohoku University, Japan

5Corolado State University, USA


ABSTRACT

The nitrogen cascade has multiple impacts on humans and nature. In most developed countries, too

much reactive nitrogen (Nr) has negatively impacted the environment and human health while less Nr

limits food production in some developing countries. Globally, excess Nr to the environment has been

recognized as one of the urgent global environment exceedances of the current safe-operating capacity

of our planet called the Planetary Boundary. As a part of the Towards an International Nitrogen

Management System (INMS) project, we are developing a guidance document for Nr impact assessment

methodology for humans and nature with international researchers from around the world. This guidance

document aims to provide the methods by which to assess negative and positive impacts of Nr at multiple

spatial scales. The complex impacts of Nr take place across multiple sectors, contexts and scales, so we

developed a comprehensive matrix of both positive and negative impacts linked to WAGES (Water

quality, Air quality, Greenhouse gases, Ecosystem & biodiversity, and Soil quality), and food, energy

and societal values for the guidance document. The matrix includes various key indicators and their

links to available global models on nitrogen flow, the impact analysis and the economic valuation. This

is a first global comprehensive Nr impacts matrix which will be a useful foundation for interpreting

model outputs and policy implications of Nr management. We apply the DPSIR (Drivers, Pressures,

States, Indicators and Responses) framework to identify key indicators and their relations for impacts

for humans and nature. The guidance document will describe integrated assessment methodologies of

multiple Nr impacts using current knowledge from published reports. The document will address

uncertainty, identify knowledge gaps, and provide policy relevant case studies regionally and globally.

Keywords: Global assessment, DPSIR framework, WAGES clusters, INMS Activity 1.2

P-49



85

Making the guideline of Japanese nitrogen assessment

Kentaro Hayashi1,* on behalf of the Team JNA-Guideline

1 Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan


ABSTRACT

A national nitrogen assessment aims to grasp the past and current statuses of “nitrogen cascade”

in the country. The nitrogen cascade is referred as nitrogen flows between all components of human

sectors (e.g., industry and food production) and environmental media (air, soil, water, and sea), and

various environmental consequences (e.g., global warming, air and water pollution, and eutrophication)

induced by reactive forms of nitrogen (collectively, Nr) emitted via the complex N flows. Therefore, a

nitrogen assessment is of good help to establish effective counter measures against harmful impact

induced by emitted Nr avoiding pollution swapping. In Japan, a voluntary group is tackling with making

a guideline of Japanese Nitrogen Assessment anticipating a national project. The guideline comprises

the following chapters: Preface; 1. The Issues of Nitrogen; 2. Japanese Nitrogen Budget; 3. Industries;

4. Crop Production; 5. Animal Production; 6. Fisheries; 7. Human Settlements; 8. Waste and Sewage;

9. International Trades; 10. Atmosphere; 11. Terrestrial Ecosystems; 12. Aquatic Ecosystems; 13.

Marine Ecosystems; 14. Human Health; 15. Economywide Nitrogen Flow Analysis; 16. Impact

Indicators on Ecosystems; 17. Cost-Benefit Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment; and 18. Laws and

Regulations on Nitrogen Management. The present status will be reported in the conference. We hope

that our activities contribute to Towards INMS, an international project of the Global Environment

Facility, as well as nitrogen-related research in Japan.

Keywords: Guideline, Japan, Nitrogen assessment, National nitrogen budget, Towards INMS

Team JNA-Guideline (as of 1 October 2018, in alphabetical order):

Sadao Eguchi (NARO), Xinyu Guo (Ehime University), Tatsuya Hanaoka (NIES), Kentaro Hayashi

(NARO), Yuhei Hirono (NARO), Hirotaka Ihara (NARO), Yoshiko Iizumi (JIRCAS), Syuichi Itahashi

(CRIEPI), Kiwamu Katagiri (Tohoku University), Hisao Kuroda (Ibaraki University), Kazuyo Matsubae

(Tohoku University), Kazuhide Matsuda (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology), Akinori

Mori (NARO), Ichiro Nagano (NISSUI), Kazuya Nishina (NIES), Azusa Oita (Tohoku University),

Tatsuya Sakurai (Meisei University), Hideaki Shibata (Hokkaido University), Junko Shindo (University

of Yamanashi), Takuhei Shiozaki (JAMSTEC), Ryo Sugimoto (Fukui Prefectural University), Yu

Umezawa (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology), Eiji Yamasue (Ritsumeikan University).

We welcome new contributors to progress the guideline and the following assessment!

P-50



86

Index

Ａ

Abdolmajid Lababpour ............................................ 33

Akihiko Ito ............................................................. 60

Akiko Makabe ........................................................ 53

Akinori Mori .......................................................... 48

Akinori Yamamoto.................................................. 61

Akira Takahashi .................................... 34, 37, 81, 82

Albert Magrí ........................................................... 45

Allison Leach ......................................................... 84

Arthur Beusen ........................................................ 25

Atsushi Hayakawa................................................... 62

Ayumi Tanaka-Oda ........................................... 53, 72

Azusa Oita ................................................. 22, 23, 84

Ｂ

Baojing Gu ............................................................. 41

Bin Liang ............................................................... 46

Binle Lin ................................................................ 71

Ｃ

Cesar Villanoy ........................................................ 25

Changchun Huang ................................................... 58

Cheng Yi ................................................................ 38

Cheolhyun Ryu ....................................................... 44

Chuan Chen ............................................................ 28

Chul-Hee Lim ......................................................... 26

Cong Wang ............................................................. 36

Ｄ

Daisuke Inoue ......................................................... 68

Daisuke Kabeya ...................................................... 63

Deli Chen ............................................................... 41

Deming Luo ........................................................... 41

Deogbae Lee .......................................................... 44

Durga Parajuli .................................................. 34, 80

Ｅ

Elizabeth Webeck .................................................... 23

Erik A. Hobbie ........................................................ 27

Ｆ

Fabrice Béline ........................................................ 45

Feng Zhou .................................................. 28, 30, 52

Fujio Hyodo ........................................................... 68

Ｇ

Gil S. Jacinto .......................................................... 25

Gwangeun Kim ....................................................... 76

Ｈ

H. Satoh ................................................................. 49

Hao Yang ............................................................... 58

Haoyang Shen ........................................................ 65

Haruo Tanaka ......................................................... 61

Hayato Maruyama ................................................... 77

Hermenegildo R. Serafica ........................................ 39

Hideaki Shibata ................................................ 48, 84

Hideomi Itoh .......................................................... 32

Hidetaka Chikamori ................................................ 68

Hikaru Kawai ................................................... 54, 67

Hiroaki Mikasa ....................................................... 37

Hiroki Sasaki .......................................................... 40

Hiroki Takahashi .................................................... 54

Hirotatsu Murano .................................................... 62

Hisao Kuroda ........................................51, 66, 69, 70


87

Hisashi Tanaka .................................................. 34, 82

Hitoshi Ota ............................................................. 62

Hoang Ngoc Tuong Van ........................................... 29

Huifeng Sun ........................................................... 36

Hyungsub Kim ................................................. 21, 74

Ｉ

Ignacio S. Santillana ................................................ 39

Ｊ

Jianbin Zhou ........................................................... 46

Jill Baron ............................................................... 84

Jin Fu............................................................... 28, 30

Jinfang Li ............................................................... 55

Jing Wang .............................................................. 56

Jining Zhang ........................................................... 36

Jinyang Wang ......................................................... 56

Jongyeol Lee ........................................ 21, 42, 74, 76

Jun Shan ................................................................ 55

Jusub Kim ........................................................ 42, 76

Jwakyung Sung ....................................................... 44

Ｋ

K. Nakajima ........................................................... 49

Katuya Aoyama ...................................................... 37

Kazuhide Matsuda................................................... 73

Kazuhito Kita ......................................................... 77

Kazumichi Fujii ...................................................... 63

Kazuya Inoue ......................................................... 71

Kazuya Nishina ................................................ 60, 83

Kazuyo Matsubae ............................................. 22, 23

Kei Asada .............................................................. 57

Keiichi Sato ............................................................ 73

Keishi Senoo .................................................... 32, 65

Keisuke Koba ................................................... 53, 72

Keisuke Kojima ...................................................... 81

Keizo Hirai....................................................... 72, 79

Kelin Hu ................................................................ 30

Kenta Imoto ........................................................... 81

Kentaro Hayashi ....................................28, 30, 83, 85

Kentaro Ishijima ..................................................... 60

Kimitaka Minami .............................................. 37, 82

Kiwamu Katagiri .................................................... 22

Koichi Yoshida ....................................................... 61

Koji Tamai ............................................................. 78

Koshi Yoshida ........................................................ 69

Kosuke Nakagawa .................................................. 81

Kwang Eun Kim ..................................................... 42

Kyotaro Noguchi .............................................. 63, 79

Ｌ

L. Philippot ............................................................ 49

Lara Patricia Sotto................................................... 25

Lex Bouwman ........................................................ 25

Ｍ

Maeda K ................................................................ 49

Mark Clutario ......................................................... 25

Masaaki Hosomi ..................................................... 71

Masahiro Kobayashi ................................................ 78

Masami Kawakami ................................................. 82

Masayuki Fujimoto ................................................. 82

Megumi Kuroiwa .............................................. 54, 67

Mianqiang Xue ....................................................... 71

Midori Yano ..................................................... 53, 72

Mikihiro Takasaki ................................................... 37

Mikito Higuchi ....................................................... 48

Minghua Zhou ........................................................ 30

Miyoko Waki ......................................................... 45

Miyuki Asai ........................................................... 81

Mizanur Rahman .................................................... 55

Morihiro Maeda ................................................ 29, 68

Motoko Inatomi ...................................................... 60


88

Ｎ

N. Yoshida ............................................................. 49

Nagy L. Torad ........................................................ 82

Nan Zhang ....................................................... 80, 81

Nanae Hirano ......................................................... 57

Naoaki Doshu ......................................................... 37

Naoki Kabeya ......................................................... 78

Naoko Miyamaru .................................................... 61

Naoto Tanaka ................................................... 54, 67

Nobuyoshi Yanai ..................................................... 37

Noriko Yamaguchi .................................................. 64

Nozomi Suzuki ....................................................... 53

Ｐ

Peter Vitousek......................................................... 41

Ｑ

Qihui Wang ................................................ 28, 30, 52

Qingmin Han .......................................................... 63

Qinxue Wang ......................................................... 47

Qun Wang .............................................................. 71

Ｒ

R.M.L.D. Rathnayake .............................................. 49

Rieko Urakawa ....................................................... 53

Risa Naito .............................................................. 53

Ryoki Asano ........................................................... 62

Ryota Iwai .............................................................. 37

Ｓ

S. Hattori ............................................................... 49

S. Toyoda ............................................................... 49

Sadao Eguchi .............................48, 50, 57, 64, 70, 83

Saeko Yada ............................................................ 57

Satomi Ban ....................................................... 16, 73

Sayuri Ohta ............................................................ 65

Scott X. Chang ....................................................... 56

Seiko Yoshikawa .............................................. 43, 57

Seongjun Kim ........................................21, 42, 74, 76

Seulbi Lee .............................................................. 44

Seung Hyun Han ....................................21, 42, 74, 76

She Dongli ............................................................. 75

Sheng Zhou ............................................................ 36

Shenqiang Wang ............................................... 38, 56

Shigeki Yoshida ...................................................... 51

Shigeto Sudo .......................................................... 64

Shigeya Maeda ....................................................... 69

Shin-ichi Ohkoshi ................................................... 81

Shinkichi Goto ........................................................ 39

Shiqin Wang ........................................................... 30

Shoji Hashimoto ..................................................... 60

Shu Kee Lam .................................................... 28, 41

Shuichi Watanabe ................................................... 43

Shuichiro Yoshinaga ............................................... 78

Shunichi Matsumoto ............................................... 51

Shuntao Chen ......................................................... 55

Soh Sugihara .......................................................... 61

Sunao Itahashi ........................................................ 57

Ｔ

Tabito Maeda ......................................................... 61

Tadamasa Saito ....................................................... 69

Tadashi Takahashi .................................................. 62

Takanori Shimizu .................................................... 78

Takayoshi Koike ..................................................... 77

Takuya Fujimura ..................................................... 68

Tao Huang ............................................................. 58

Tapan K Adhya ....................................................... 23

Tatsumi Kitamura ............................................. 51, 66

Tetsuto Sugai.......................................................... 77

Tetsuya Nagasaka ................................................... 22

Tetsuya Nanba ........................................................ 31

Tim Jickells ............................................................ 24


89

Timothy Weinmann................................................. 84

Tohru Kawamoto ............................ 34, 37, 80, 81, 82

Tohru Nakamura ............................................... 37, 81

Tomohiro Nishigaki ................................................ 61

Tomohito Sano ....................................................... 50

Tomoki Oda ..................................................... 54, 67

Tomoko Yasuda ...................................................... 45

Toshihiko Anzai ...................................................... 39

Toshihiro Watanabe ................................................ 77

Tsuyoshi Ohizumi ................................................... 73

Ｖ

Van Hoang Ngoc Tuong .......................................... 68

Ｗ

Wataru Iio .............................................................. 51

Wei Luo ................................................................. 46

Wenjuan Zhang ...................................................... 75

Wilfried Winiwarter ................................................ 19

Woo-Kyun Lee ....................................................... 26

Ｘ

Xianxian Zhang ...................................................... 36

Xiaolan Lin ................................................ 66, 69, 70

Xiaotang Ju ...................................................... 28, 58

Xiaoying Zhan ........................................................ 28

Xiaoyuan Yan ................................................... 20, 75

Xican Xi ................................................................ 41

Xin Tang ................................................................ 41

Xinlu Bai ............................................................... 46

Xuejun Liu ............................................................. 35

Ｙ

Yali Wu ............................................................ 28, 30

Yanchao Chai ......................................................... 55

Yangmin Kim ......................................................... 44

Yasuhiro Nakajima ........................................... 57, 64

Yasuyuki Fukumoto ................................................ 45

Yejin Lee ............................................................... 44

Yi Cheng ............................................................... 56

Yiyun Wu ............................................................... 41

Yoko Kumon .......................................................... 71

Yoko Masuda.................................................... 32, 65

Yong Jiang ....................................................... 80, 81

Yonghong Wu ........................................................ 75

Yonghua Wang ................................................. 28, 30

Yongqiu Xia ........................................................... 75

Yoshiki Shinomiya .................................................. 78

Yoshio Tsuboyama ................................................. 78

Yoshiyuki Inagaki ............................................. 72, 79

Yosung Song .......................................................... 44

Youngsun Kim ....................................................... 59

Yowhan Son ..........................................21, 42, 74, 76

Yuhei Hirono.......................................................... 50

Yuichi Ishikawa ...................................................... 62

Yuichi Suwa ..................................................... 54, 67

Yuko Itoh ............................................................... 78

Yunting Fang.......................................................... 53

Yutaka Shiratori ................................................ 32, 65

Yuzhen Cheng ........................................................ 46

Ｚ

Zhenya Zhang ............................................. 71, 80, 81

Zhongfang Lei .................................................. 80, 81

Ziyin Shang ............................................................ 52


90


MEMO

Documents

International Congress Center (Epochal Tsukuba) · 2018. 12. 26. · NARO-MARCO International Symposium 1 NARO-MARCO International Symposium “Nitrogen Cycling and Its Environmental