INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOAD LINES, 1966

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOAD LINES, 1966ON LOAD LINES, 1966

HistoryHistoryHistoryIn 1835 Lloyd’s Rule 3: The first 19th century loading recommendations were introduced by London-based Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping in 1835.

In 1876 Merchant Shipping Act – Plimsoll Mark: made load linescompulsory

In 1890, the Merchant Shipping Load Line Act laid down official rules for freeboard tables and calculations.

In 1930 1st International Conference: The 1930 Load Line Convention was the first international agreement for universal application of load line regulations and applied to seagoing ships in international trade

In 1966 2nd International Conference:The International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, was adopted on 5 April 1966 and entered into force on 21 July 1968

BackgroundBackgroundBackground

The 1st International Convention on Load Lines, adopted in 1930, was based on theprinciple of buoyancy reserve, although itwas acknowledge that the freeboard shouldalso ensure an adequate stability and avoidexcessive efforts on the hull of the vessel as a result of overloading.

BackgroundBackgroundBackground

1 April 05, 1966, the International Conference onLoad Lines was held, entered into force on July 21, 1968.

It stablishes inform rules and principles whenit comes to the authorized limits for the immersionof ships engaged on international voyages, in response to the need to ensure the Safety of Lifeand Property at Sea.

BackgroundBackgroundBackground

TheThe mainmain objectiveobjective ofof thisthis internationalinternationalinstrumentinstrument isis thethe establishmentestablishment ofof thethe limitslimitsregardingregarding thethe depthdepth toto whichwhich a a shipship can be can be chargedchargedtoto contributecontribute toto thethe SafetySafety ofof NavigationNavigation..

TheseThese limitslimits are are establishedestablished in in thethe freeboardfreeboardformform, , alongalong withwith rules rules relatedrelated toto thethe weatherweather, , toghtnesstoghtness andand integrityintegrity ofof sealingsealing..

BackgroundBackgroundBackground

The rules of this convention takes into account the potencial dangers that arise in different areas and in different seasons.

The technical annex contains a numbers of additional security measures on doors, doors drain, hatches and other elements of the ship.

The main objectives of these actions is to ensure the integrity of watertightness of the hull of the ship below the deck of the freeboard.

BackgroundBackgroundBackground

Load Lines assigned should be marked on each side of the ship in the center, next to the deck line.

The ships designed to transport timber deck cargoes have assigned a smaller freeboard since the cutlery provides protection against the ipmact of waves.

Harmonized

System

of Survey and Certification

HarmonizedHarmonized

SystemSystem

of of SurveySurvey and and CertificationCertification

From October 31st to November 11, 1988 an International Conference was held to discuss and adopt a Protocol of 1988 related to SOLAS 1974 and a protocol 1988 related to the Convention Load Lines 1966.

The aim is to unify the periods of validity and surveys intervals for the SOLAS Convention and the Load Lines 1966. The main changes to the SOLAS and Load Lines Conventions are that annual inspections have been made mandatory for cargo ships, unscheduled inspections are no longer included and intermediate surveys are required for all ships under the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate.

PrinciplesPrinciplesPrinciples

To prevent the entry of water

Maintaining a reserve buoyancy

Crew Protection

Ships´s Structural Strenght (related to ChapterII SOLAS 74)

Stability and Compartment

Most

Relevant

RegulationsMostMost

RelevantRelevant

RegulationsRegulations

Reg. 1 Strength and intact stability of shipsReg. 5 Load line markReg. 10 Information to be supplied to the master Reg. 12 DoorsReg. 15 Hatchways closed by portable covers and secured weathertight by tarpaulins and battening devicesReg. 16 Hatchways closed by weathertightcovers of steel or other equivalent materials

Most

Relevant

RegulationMostMost

RelevantRelevant

RegulationRegulation

Reg. 17 Machinery space openingsReg. 19 VentilatorsReg. 20 Air PipesReg. 21 Reg. 21 Cargo ports and Cargo ports and otherother similar similar openingsopeningsReg. 22 Reg. 22 Scuppers, inlets and dischargesScuppers, inlets and dischargesReg. 23 Reg. 23 Side scuttles, windows and Side scuttles, windows and skylightsskylightsReg. 25 Reg. 25 Protection of the crewProtection of the crew

InspectionInspection

PointsPoints

DocumentationDocumentationDocumentation

Registración of conditions for allocating load lines

Certificate shall be issued by the Administration or by any person or organization duly authorized by it.

Under the terms of overall allocation offreeboard

DocumentationDocumentationDocumentation

Load Line Certificate

– Verify that ship has been surveyed and marked in accordance with the present Convention.

– If there is a valid ILL Exemption Certificate on board, verify that any conditions stipulated in that certificate are complied with.

DocumentationDocumentationDocumentation

Load Lines Certificate

– Verify that the ship has not been so materially altered in respect of that the ship is manifestly unfit to proceed to sea without danger to human life.

– In the case of vessels authorized to carry more of an allocation of Load Lines must keep a record of alteration of freeboard, involving the Administration of the Recognized Organization.

Strength and intact

stability

of ships

Strength and Strength and intactintact

stabilitystability

of of shipsships

• The general structural strength of the ship is adequate for the draught corresponding to the freeboard assigned.

• An acceptable level of strength of the hull

• Ships shall comply with an intact stability standard acceptable to the Administration.

Intact

Stability

of ShipsIntactIntact

StabilityStability

of of ShipsShips

Load Line MarkLoad Line MarkLoad Line Mark

•

Verify if the position of the load line of the ship corresponds with the certificate;

•

Check that the ship is not loaded beyond the limits allowed by the certificate;

•

If timber freeboards are assigned in accordance with this Convention.

Information

to

be supplied to

the master

InformationInformation

toto

be be suppliedsupplied toto

the masterthe master

•• StabilityStability informationinformation, and , and loadingloading informationinformation alsoalso relatedrelated toto shipship strengthstrength

•• IntactIntact StabilityStability characteristicscharacteristics

•• DamagedDamaged StabilityStability

•• Cargo Cargo InstrumentsInstruments

•• AngleAngle ofof heelheel

Doors –

( Regulation 12 )Doors Doors ––

( Regulation 12 )( Regulation 12 )•• Must be of steel or other Must be of steel or othe r

equivalent material:equivalent material:-- gaskets, clamping devices and gaskets, clamping devices and other equivalent means other equivalent means

•• The means for securing these The means for securing these doors weathertight shall be so doors weathertight shall be so arranged that they can be arranged that they can be operated from both sides of the operated from both sides of the bulkhead. bulkhead.

•• The height of the sills of access The height of the sills of access openings in bulkheads at ends of openings in bulkheads at ends of enclosed superstructures shall be enclosed superstructures shall be at least 380 mm above the deck. at least 380 mm above the deck.

Hatchways closed

by Portable Covers

-

(Regulation 15)

Hatchways closed

by Portable Covers

-

(Regulation 15)

•• HatchwayHatchway coverscovers•• HatchwayHatchway coamingscoamings• Portable Beams• Pontoon Covers

• Carriers or Sockets• Cleats• Battens and

Wedges• Tarpaulins

Hatchways closed

by Weathertight

Covers of Steel

(Regulation 16)

Hatchways Hatchways closedclosed

by by WeathertightWeathertight

Covers of Covers of SteelSteel

(Regulation 16)(Regulation 16)

• Hatch cover minimum design loads

• Gaskets and clamping devices

• Weathertight Covers

• The means for securing and maintaining weathertightness shall ensure that the tightness can be maintained in any sea conditions

Machinery Space

Openings (Regulation 17)

Machinery Space

Openings (Regulation 17)

•• Machinery Machinery spacespace openings openings shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casings of ample strength.

•• CasingsCasings shallshall be be fittedfitted withwith doorsdoors the sills of which shall be at least 600 milimetres (23½ in.) above the deck if in position 1, and at least 380 milimetres (15 in.) above the deck if in position 2.

• Coamings of any fiddley, funnel or machinery space ventilator in an exposed position on the freeboard deck or superstructure deck shall be as high above the deck.

•• Fiddley openings Fiddley openings shallshall be be fittedfitted withwith strong covers of strong covers of steelsteel oror otherother equivalentequivalent material material permanentlypermanently attachedattached in in theirtheir properproper positions positions and and capablecapable of of beingbeing securedsecured weathertightweathertight

VENTILATORS (REGULATION 19)VENTILATORS (REGULATION 19)VENTILATORS (REGULATION 19)

• Where the coaming of any ventilator exceeds 900 milimetres (35½ in.) in height it shall be specially supported.

•

Verification

of the weathertight

closing appliances.

Air Pipes

(Regulation 20)Air PipesAir Pipes

(Regulation 20)(Regulation 20)•• Air pipes shall be provided with automatic closing devicesAir pipes shall be provided with automatic closing devices

• The height from the deck to the point where water may have access below shall be at least 760 milimetres (30 in.) on the freeboard deck and 450 milimetres (17½ in.) on the superstructure deck.

• Satisfactory means permanently attached, shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes.

• Pressure-vacuum valves (PV valves) may be accepted on tankers

Cargo Ports and other

similar Openings (Regulation 21)

Cargo Ports and Cargo Ports and otherother

similar similar Openings Openings (Regulation 21)(Regulation 21)

•• Cargo ports and Cargo ports and otherother similar openings in the similar openings in the sidessides of of shipsships belowbelow the the freeboardfreeboard deckdeck shallshall be be fittedfitted withwith doorsdoors so so designeddesigned as as toto ensureensure watertightnesswatertightness and and structuralstructural integrityintegrity commensuratecommensurate withwith the the surroundingsurrounding shellshell platingplating..

• Ro-Ro ships:- The means for securing and maintaining weathertightness- Verification of the weathertight closing appliances.- The operation and maintenance Manual- Lights indicators, CCTV alarms

Scuppers, Inlets and Discharges (Regulation 22)

Scuppers, Inlets and Scuppers, Inlets and Discharges Discharges (Regulation 22)(Regulation 22)

•• Discharges Discharges ledled throughthrough the the shellshell eithereither fromfrom spacesspaces belowbelow the the freeboardfreeboard deckdeck oror fromfrom withinwithin superstructuressuperstructures and and deckhousesdeckhouses onon the the freeboardfreeboard deckdeck fittedfitted withwith doorsdoors shall be fitted with efficient and accessible means for preventing water from passing inboard.

Scuppers, Inlets and Discharges (Regulation 22)

Scuppers, Inlets and Scuppers, Inlets and Discharges Discharges (Regulation 22)(Regulation 22)

•

The controls shall be readily accessible and shall be provided with indicators showing whether the valves are open or closed.

•

Check the thickness for scupper and discharge pipes

•

All valves

and shell fittings

required

by this

Regulation

shall

be of steel, bronze

or

other

approved

ductile material.

Side scuttles, windows and skylights

(Regulation 23)

Side scuttles, windows and Side scuttles, windows and skylightsskylights

(Regulation 23)(Regulation 23)

•

Windows are defined

as being

rectangular openings generally, having

a radius

at

each

corner relative to

the window

size

and round or

oval openings.

Side scuttles, windows and skylights

(Regulation 23)

Side scuttles, windows and Side scuttles, windows and skylightsskylights

(Regulation 23)(Regulation 23)

•

Items to

verify:Glasses, Deadlights; and Storm coversFrames

•

Deadlights shall be capable of being closed and secured watertight if fitted below the freeboard deck and weathertight if fitted above.

Side scuttles, windows and skylights

(Regulation 23)

Side scuttles, windows and Side scuttles, windows and skylightsskylights

(Regulation 23)(Regulation 23)

•

Fixed or opening

skylights shall

have

a

glass

thickness

appropriate

to

their

size and position

as

required for

side

scuttles and windows. Skylight

glasses

in any

position

shall

be protected

from

mechanical

damage.

Protection of the Crew (Regulation 25)

Protection of the CrewProtection of the Crew (Regulation 25)(Regulation 25)

••

Guard rails, lifelines, gangways or Guard rails, lifelines, gangways or underdeckunderdeck passages, etc. shall be provided for the passages, etc. shall be provided for the

protection of the crew in getting to and from protection of the crew in getting to and from their quarters, the machinery space and any their quarters, the machinery space and any other spaces used in the essential operation of other spaces used in the essential operation of the ship. the ship.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

THE INSPECTOR MUST BE FAMILIARIZED WITH THE THE INSPECTOR MUST BE FAMILIARIZED WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS CONVENTION.REQUIREMENTS OF THIS CONVENTION.

UNIT OF CRITERIA MUST EXIST BETWEEN ASI UNIT OF CRITERIA MUST EXIST BETWEEN ASI INSPECTORS / PSCI TO MAINTAIN SAFETY STANDARDS INSPECTORS / PSCI TO MAINTAIN SAFETY STANDARDS IN ACCEPTABLE LEVELS.IN ACCEPTABLE LEVELS.

OWNERS/OPERATORS MUST USE THE CHECK LISTS.OWNERS/OPERATORS MUST USE THE CHECK LISTS.

INVOLVES THE CLASSIFICATION OF COMPANIES CAN INVOLVES THE CLASSIFICATION OF COMPANIES CAN SAVE TIME AND WORK.SAVE TIME AND WORK.

ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT ALSO CARGO SHIPS ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT ALSO CARGO SHIPS CARRYING PEOPLE. CARRYING PEOPLE.

THANK YOU!