VS-1

Symposium Proceedings

Volume II

Sessions 5A - 6H

Poster/Dialogue Session

UB/TIB Hannover 89

115 951 016

Technical Sessions (Oral)

M Session 5A: Hybrids 3

Development of Mitsubishi Hybrid Electric Vehicle 1

Nobuyuki KAWAMURA, Tadao IKIHARA, Kazuteru KUROSE

Mitsubishi Motors Corporation

Ultralight Hybrid Vehicles: Principles and Design 8

Timothy C. MOORE

Rocky Mountain Institute

Development of Toyota COASTER HYBRID EV 16

Toshiyuki SEKIMORI, Katsuhiko HAYASHI, Yoshihiro KAWASHIMA

Toyota Motor Corporation

A Series Hybrid Cherry Picker 24

Hiroshi SHIMIZU*, Yoshifumi YASUOKA*, Masayuki TAMURA*,

Kiyomoto KAWAKAMI*, Yoshiro SUZUKI**, Kuro KAN**, CHACK**,Yoshinobu KONDO***, Katsu TAKAHASHI****,

Akira NAKAJIMA*****, Tadashi KANEKO******

*The National Institute for Environmental Studies, **Nikken Corporation,

***lsuzu Motors Limited, ****lsuzu Body Engineering Co., Ltd.,

*****Meidensha Corporation, ******JT Electronics Corporation

M Session 5B: Batteries 7

Development of Sealed-Type Nickel/Metal-Hydride Battery for Electric Vehicle 31

Noboru ITO, Hiroshi INOUE, Kenji SATO, Nobuyasu MORISHITA, Munehisa IKOMA

Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd.

Bipolar Nickel-Metal Hydride EV Battery 37

David E. REISNER, John H. COLE, Martin KLEIN

Electro Energy, Inc.

High Power Alkaline Batteries in Fibre Technology for Hybrid Vehicles 45

Wolfgang WARTHMANN,. G. BENCZUR-URMOSSY, F. HASCHKA, D. OHMS

DAUG-Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft mbH

Development of Nickel Metal-Hydride Battery for Electric Vehicles 51

Masuhiro OHNISHI*, Masahiko OSHITANI*, Kenji TAKESHIMA*,

Hirofumi KAWAI**, Masao NAKANE**

*Yuasa Corporation, **Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd.

M Session 5C: Drives 5

Development of Motor for Electric Vehicles 57

Tetsuya MIURA, Yasutomo KAWABATA, Eiji YAMADA

Toyota Motor Corporation

Design of High-Efficiency Electrical Motors for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle 64

Joachim UNDSTROM, Johan HELLSING, Jorma LUOMI

Chalmers University of Technology

New Drive System for Electric Vehicle 70

Takayuki MIZUNO*, Yasuo YANAGIBASHI**, Hiroshi SHIMIZU***,

Takashi KOIZUMI****, Yoshihiro MURAMATSU*****, Masahiko SHODA******

*Meidensha Corporation,**The Pollution-Related Health Damage Compensation and Prevention Association,

***The National Institute for Environmental Studies, ****Okubo Gear Co., Ltd.,

*****Nabco Ltd., ******Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd.

A High Performance Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for P-Star EV Project 78

Ching Chuen CHAN, Y.J. ZHAN, Q. JIANG, K.T. CHAU

The University of Hong Kong

M Session 5D: Batteries 8

Recent Advances in Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles 85

Franz J. KRUGER, F BOTTCHER, K. BRANDT, U. KOHLER, E. NIGGEMANN

VARTA Battene AG

Battery Management System for Energy-Efficient Battery Operation:Strategy and Practical Experience 91

Eckhard KARDEN, Peter MAURACHER, Andreas LOHNER

Aachen University of Technology

On-Board Battery Management System with SOC Indicator 99

Ken-ichi SHIMIZU, Nobumasa SHIRAI, Mitsuya NIHEI

Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, AIST, MITI

Development of a Digital Remaining Mileage-Meter 105

Masao TODA, Kazuhiko MATSUNAMI

Suzuki Motor Corporation

M Session 5E: Vehicles 4

Crashworthiness and Safety Engineering for Electric Vehicles 111

Robert G. WHIRLEY, Bruce E. ENGELMANN

TransMotive Technologies, Inc.

Specific Architectures for Electric Vehicles 119

Gilbert MALLEDANT

RENAULT

PRAXI: A Small Electric Vehicle Specific for Urban Transport 126

Michel PARENT, Sylvain FAUCONNIER, Leszek LISOWSKI

INRIA

Performance of an Electric Racing Car 131

Kouki SHIBAYA, Takeo FURUYA, Yasuo HOSHIZAKI, Hisashi OSHIMA,

Teruo HOSHINO, Naoyuki SEKI, Masaki SEDO, Maki ISHIHARA, Hideki IKEDA,

Kiyomoto KAWAKAMI, Tadashi TATEUCHI

Japan Electric Vehicle Club

M Session 5F: Demonstrations 4

Test Procedures and Equipments Used for the Assessment

of Electric Vehicle Batteries 137

Jurgen GARCHE, Franz LANG, Harry DC-RING, Reinhard HEMMER

ZSW

Test Results of Winter Driving Test for Electric Vehicles 143

Hironobu OHTANI, Kenji SHIMAKURA, Eiichi KOUSAKA

Hokuriku Electric Power Co., Inc.

Climatic Effects on an Electric Vehicle: The Ford Ecostar as a Case Study 149

Joseph C. BURBA, R. SPITERI, R. LOUCH, J. BARDSLEY

Ford Motor Company

Swedish Research, Development and Demonstration Programfor Electric and Hybrid Vehicles 154

David BAUNER

KFB, Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board

Session 5G: IWC

National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Working Council 161

Roland J. RISSER

Pacific Gas and Electric Company

National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Working Council,Health & Safety Committee Update 164

John M. OLSEN*, Layla SANDELL**, Gloria KREIN***

*Detroit Edison, **Electric Power Research Institute, ***Krein Consulting

Mission of Load Management, Distribution & Power Quality Committee 172

Fumimasa ANAN*, Steve R. FROST**, Kenji USHIMARU***

*Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc., **Sait River Project,***UTILX Corporation

National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Working Council,Data Interface Committee UpdateAndrew J. FARAH

General Motors Corporation

National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Working Council,Connector & Connecting Station Committee Update 175

Timothy S. SHAWVER*, Gary PURCELL**, William I. WHIDDON***

*Duke Power Company, **Electric Power Research Institute,

***W.I. Whiddon & Associates, Inc.

M Session 5H: Flywheels and Capacitors T

Motor/Generator Design Considerations for Flywheel Applications 183

Jon F. LUTZ, Joseph M. OLBERMANN

Unique Mobility, Inc.

Series Conjunction of Ultracapacitors and Batteries for Load Levelingof EV Batteries 190

Jun TAKEHARA*, Norihiro OHKUBO*, Kuniaki MIYAOKA*. Tetsuo FUKUDA**

*The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc., **Tokyo R&D Co., Ltd.

Current Blender - EV Energy Management System 198

Fumimasa ANAN*, Kiyomi YAMASAKI*. Nobuyuki KASUGA**

*Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc., **Tokyo R&D Co., Ltd.

*Paper not available at time of printing.

M Session 6A: EV Policies 3

ZEVs and the PNGV Program to Triple Fuel Economy 205

Daniel SPERLING

Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis

CITELEC: A Network for the Promotion of the Introduction of Electric Vehicles

in European Cities 208

Gaston MAGGETTO, Peter VAN DEN BOSSCHE

CITELEC

The Demanding of Electric Vehicle in China and its National Strategy 216

Jian LAI**, Xiaojian LI*, Li SUN*, Runjin MA*, Zongkong WEN**

*North China University of Technology,

**Electric Vehicle Institute, Chinese Electrotechnical Society

TMG's Promotion Policies of LEVs and Monitoring Research into EVs Users 221

Hideo AZUMA

Tokyo Metropolitan Government

M Session 6B: Components 3

Battery State-of-Charge Indicator for Electric Vehicle 229

Junichi UNO*, Hiroya TSUJI*, Daisuke MAKINO**

*Denso Corporation, **Nippon Soken, Inc.

A Performance Test of the State-of-Charge Meter of Lead-Acid Batteries 235

Shigenon MATSUMURA*. H. HIGASA*, Masaru OHMORI**,

A. FUKUI**, T. HAYASHIDA**

*Shikoku Research Institute Inc., **Yuasa Corporation

An Air-Conditioning System for Electric Vehicles and Its Temperature

Control Characteristics 239

Takayoshi MATSUOKA, Yasushi YAMAMOTO, Tomio JINDO

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Gas-Injection Heat Pump System for Electric Vehicle 245

Takahisa SUZUKI*, Katsuya ISHII*, Sadahisa ONIMARU**

*Denso Corporation, **Nippon Soken, Inc.

M Session 6C: Demonstrations 5

Chrysler's Electric Powered Minivan 251

Robert L. DAVIS

Chrysler Corporation

Research on Market Adaptability of Nissan Avenir EV 254

Tatsuo ABE*, Norihiko HIRATA*, J. NAKANOWATARI**, Fumimasa ANAN**

*Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., **Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc.

Consequences and Measures for Low Volume Production of Electric Vehicles

for Niche Markets based upon Comprehensive Field Test Results 258

Erhard SCHUBERT, Jochen JAKOWSKI, Roland MATTHE

Adam Opel AG

Fleet Test Report for Electric Vehicle "CUV-4" 264

Toshiyuki SAKAMOTO, Atsushi SHIBUTANI, Masahito MITSUMORI

HONDA R&D Co., Ltd.

Living with an EV : 30,000 Miles in One Year 272

Thomas B. GAGE

AC Propulsion Inc.

M Session 6D: Batteries 9

Relationship between the Life Test Condition and the Failure Mode

of a VRLA Battery for EV 281

Yasuhide NAKAYAMA*, Eiji HOJO*, Hirofumi UMETANI*,

Masaru 0HM0RI*, Fumimasa ANAN**, Kazuyuki ADACHI**

*Yuasa Corporation, **Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc.

Performance and Application Technology of the Valve-RegulatedLead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for "Eco-Vehicle" 288

Ken SAWAI*, Masaaki SHIOMI*, Katsuhiro TAKAHASHI*,

MasaharuTSUBOTA*, Hiroshi SHIMIZU**, Keiichi SUGIYAMA***,Masamichi SUZUKI****, Fumiaki IHARA*****

*Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd.,

**The National Institute for Environmental Studies,

***Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd., ****Soltech, Inc., *****Fujitsu Denso Ltd.

Advancing Electric Vehicle Development with Pure Lead-Tin Battery Technology 293

William A. O'BRIEN*, Richard B. STICKEL**, Geoffrey J. MAY****Hawker Energy Products Inc., **Hawker Batteries Group North America,***Hawker Batteries Group

Development of High Specific Power and Long Cycle Life-Type Lead Acid Battery 299

Yasuyuki YOSHIHARA, Gou KASHIO, Takashi HATTORI, Hiroshi IMAI,Yoshitaka AOKI, Akira IWAMURA, Naoto HOSHIHARA

Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd.

M Session 6E: Vehicles 5

The CITI Purpose-Built Electric Vehicle - A Collaborative Business Modelfor Rapid Development 305

Paul HELLIKER

CALSTART, Inc.

DAIHATSU Hijet EV's Production System 311

Toshikazu MIYAZAKl*, Shiro KAWAKATSU*, Yasuichi KITAMURA*,Hisao KASHIMOTO*, Nobuyoshi HAGIWARA***DAIHATSU Motor Co., Ltd., **DAIHATSU Auto Body Co., Ltd.

ISUZU ELF Electric Vehicles 319

Takeshi HOTTA, Yoshinori KABUYAMA

Isuzu Motors Limited

Investigation as to Cost of Electric Vehicle (EV) for Widespread Use 326

Yasuyuki SUGII, Masayuki YADA, Soichi KOGA

Tokyo Electric Power Company

M Session 6F: Standardization

Electric Vehicle and Infrastructure Standardisation: An User's Point of View 333

Peter VAN DEN BOSSCHE, Gaston MAGGETTO

CITELEC

European Activities on Standardization for Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles

and Related Legislative Requirements 338

Giampiero BRUSAGLINO*, Emanuel COMBES**, J. HILAIRE***,

Y. MARTINOD**, K. ORCHOWSHI****, PEYRIERE**, B. SPORCKMANN*****

*Centro Ricerche Fiat, **PSA Peugeot Citroen, ***Renault,

****Robert Bosch GmbH, *****RWE Energie

SAE Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Standards - The Status in 1996 346

Ronald I. SIMS

Ford Motor Company

Current Status of Electric Vehicle Standardization Activities in Japan 353

Ken-ichi SHIMIZU, Yoshio KIMURA, Haruo SUZUKI

Japan Electric Vehicle Association

IY

M Session 6H: Flywheels and Capacitors 2

A New Capacitor-Electronics Power Storage 361

Michio OKAMURA

Okamura Laboratory Inc.

Supercapacitors for Electric Vehicles. Results, Trends and Industrial Perspectives 369

G.P. BARRA*, Pier Angelo GENOVA*, Pierre MORHET**,

Giampiero BRUSAGLINO***, P. RENA***

*Magneti Marelli, **SAFT, ***Fiat Research Center

Electric Double-Layer Capacitors in a Hybrid Vehicle - Basic Considerations

and Simulation Results 375

Martin SCHMID

Technical University of Munich

Poster/Dialogue Session

PI: Vehicles

EV Racing Cars: Z.E.R.O.-1 and R&D FE/95 383

Masao ONO, Osamu HATAGAWA, Yukio TANNO, Satoshi YAMAZAKI

Tokyo R&D Co., Ltd.

The Outline of the Eco Vehicle Design 387

Teruo AKIYAMA*, Hiroshi SHIMIZU**

*DAIHATSU Motor Co., Ltd.,**The National Institute for Environmental Studies

ES600 Series, New Model: ES600 III - the Scooter 392

Keizou NAGASHIMA*, Shin KOMURO*, Masao ONO**, Hiroshi UTSUMI**,

Tamotsu FUKASAWA**, Nobuhito OONUMA**

*Yamate Motor Co., Ltd., **Tokyo R&D Co., Ltd.

Electric-Thermal Calculations of a Water Cooled Induction Motor

for Varying Loads in Electric Vehicles 397

Matthias SCHMITZ, G. HENNEBERGER

Institute of Electrical Machines, RWTH Aachen

*Focused Research, Rapid Prototyping, Agile Production - Technology Consortia

as the Next Industry Model

Michael J. GAGE, John BOESEL, Bill VAN AMBURG

CALSTART, Inc.

Rational Driving Pattern for the Electric Mini-Bus Runningbetween the Stations 403

Jingguang LUN, Quanshi CHEN, Qinghong Yl

Tsinghua University

Solar-EV and Asian Car 409

Osamu FUJII*. Hiroshi SHIMIZU**

*Kurume Institute of Technology, **The National Institute for Environmental Studies

P2: Hybrids

The Systems Engineering of a Lightweight Hybrid/Electric Vehicle 417

Michael V. CHOBOTOV

TransMotive Technologies, Inc.

Generalised Methodics of Comparative Energetic Analysisof Hybrid Electric Drive 425

Antoni SZUMANOWSKI

Warsaw University of Technology

*Paper not available at time of printing.

Yl

Simulation Testing of Travel Range of Vehicle Powered from Batteryunder Pulse Load Condition 432

Antoni SZUMANOWSKI

Warsaw University of Technology

Analysis of a Diesel-Electric Hybrid System for a Delivery Truck 437

Toyoo MASUDA, Nobuhiro YANAGISAWA, Satoru TOZAWA

isuzu Advanced Engineering Center, Ltd.

Peugeot 406 Hybrid 444

Chnstophe COTTARD

PSA Peugeot-Citroen

Planning and Designing a Micro-City Commuter Car with a HybridElectric Power System 452

Hideo KIMURA, Makoto AKAIKE, Akira YAMANAKA, Takeshi SAITO, Yasuhiro DAISHO

Waseda University

P3: Demonstrations

Evaluation of Thermal Characteristic of EV Traction System 459

Akira SUZUKI*, Kenji FURUSE**

*Subaru Research Center Co., Ltd., **Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.

EV Fleet Testing Procedures and Equipment in Europe 465

Mario CONTE

ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and the Environment

Newly Produced Solar Electric Vehicle on Public Highways 473

Masaharu FUJINAKA

Tokyo Denki University

The Existence of the Ogata Solar Sports Line as an R&D Testing Field 480

Tsutomu TANI

Ogata-mura

Cooperation Between Electric Vehicle Field Tests and

Demonstration Projects in Europe 484

PieterC. MCKAY*, Richard T.M. SMOKERS*, B.J.J. VAN SPANJE**

*Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN,**Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment

Advanced Configurable Data Analysis Program for Electric Vehicle

Performance Evaluation 492

Mario KOVAC*, Elias STEFANAKOS**, Tim ARBOGAST**

*University ofZagreb, **University ofSouth Florida

EVK & BTS - Total EV and EV Battery Evaluating Systems 498

Nobuyuki KASUGA, Yukio TANNO, Nobuhito OHNUMA

Tokyo R&D Co., Ltd.

The Marketing Concept in the Swiss Fleet Test in Mendrisio as an Exampleof Introducing EVs into the Marketplace 503

Urs MUNTWYLER*, Sigrid Kleindienst MUNTWYLER**

*The Swiss Federal Office of Energy, **Engineer's Office Muntwyler

P4: Drives

Development of an Inverter-Fed Six-Phase Pole Change Induction Motor

for Electric Vehicles 511

Masato MORI, Yoshiharu KIDO, Takayuki MIZUNO, Tadashi ASHIKAGA,

Isao MATSUDA, Tadao KOBAYASHI

Meidensha Corporation

Contribution to the Development of an Electronic Differential

for Electric Vehicles 518

Constantin N. SPENTZAS, Ibrahim ALKHAZALI

National Technical University ofAthens

Status of Drive Train Development for Electric Vehicles 525

Ernst GRECKSCH, Konrad LAMM, Udo WINTER

Siemens AG

An Efficiency Maximizing Induction Motor Drive Systemfor Transmissionless Electric Vehicle 529

Kenji YAMADA, Katsuyuki WATANABE, Takashi KODAMA,

Isao MATSUDA, Tadao KOBAYASHI

Meidensha Corporation

A High Efficiency Drive System for Electric Vehicles 537

Uk-Don CHOI*, Jung-Rok KWON*. Jong-Koo KIM*,

Dong-Hee KIM**, Dal-Hae LEE**

*Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., **Yeoungnam University

Comparison Study between Induction Motor and Permanent Magnet

Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle Application 544

Kazutoshi NAGAYAMA*. Masato MORI*, Takayuki MIZUNO*,

Tadashi ASHIKAGA*, Yasuyuki SUGII**, Soichi KOGA**

*Meidensha Corporation, **Tokyo Electric Power Company

New Technology of Drive System for Electric Vehicles 552

Katsunori NOZAKA, Akira NAKAJIMA

Meidensha Corporation

The Optimal Control System of Interior Permanent Magnet Motors

for Electric Vehicles 557

Satoshi TAMAKI, Yasufumi IKKAI, Yasuhiro KONDO, Toshiro HIGAKI,

Kazushige NARAZAKI, Tomokuni IIJIMA

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

XIII

Highly Efficient Electric Vehicle Drive System 562

Masahiro HASEBE

AisinAWCo., Ltd.

Trade-offs Between Motor and Inverter Losses in a Brushless Permanent

Magnet Motor 569

Carlo KOPF

Unique Mobility, Inc.

Fuzzy Variable Structure Control of Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for EVs 573

Ching Chuen CHAN, Y.J. ZHAN, K.T.CHAU

The University of Hong Kong

A Novel Brushless PM Hybrid Motor with a Claw-Type Rotor Topologyfor Electric Vehicles 579

Ching Chuen CHAN*, Ruoju ZHANG*, K.T. CHAU*, J.Z. JIANG**

*The University of Hong Kong, **Shanghai University

A Novel Fourwheel AC-Drive for Low-Cost EVs 585

Klaus HOFER

Technical College and University of Bielefeld

P5: Components

Development of DC Power Contactor Driving Circuit for EV 593

Yukihiro MURATA, Hideki KISHI, Yoshinori AKINARI

Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.

A New Development in Recharging Infrastructure 600

Akira KOHCHI

Aichi Gaksen University

Modularity - The EV Powertrain Dilemma 603

Richard L. WILLIS

Ford Motor Company

Development of an Overcurrent Relay Suitable for ProtectingEV Main Power Circuit 609

Yoichi KUNIMOTO, Takaaki CHUZAWA

Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.

Use of High Current Relays in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles 617

Dan R. MCALLISTER

Kilovac Corporation

Advanced Braking System for Electric Vehicles 625

Masamoto ANDO*, Naoyasu ENOMOTO*, Harumi OHORI**

*Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., **Toyota Motor Corporation

A New Battery State of Charge Indicator for Electric Vehicles 631

Guoguang Ql, Jianming LI, Hang JIA

Tsinghua University

Development of Compact High Efficiency Air Conditioner for Electric Vehicle 636

Mituaki KANETUKI*, Noriaki ARAKAWA**

*The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc., **Hitachi, Ltd.

P6: Batteries

Progress of the Research and Development of Lithium Secondary Batteries

in the National Project 643

Hirotoshi IKEYA, Shinsuke YOSHITAKE, Satoru SUZUKI, Hiroshi FUKUDA,

Atsuhiro FUNAHASHI, Jun ARAGANE, Kazumasa MATSUI,

Katsuya KITABA, Rikio ISHIKAWA

Lithium Battery Energy Storage Technology Research Association

Development of VRLA Battery with Micro-Tubular Structure Electrodes 649

Masaaki SASAKI, Toru HORII, Masahiro ARAKAWA,

Tatsuo NAGAYASU, Yasuhide NAKAYAMA

Yuasa Corporation

State of Charge Measurement by Impedance Spectroscopy for

Traction Batteries 653

S. NUGUES, Elisabeth RULUERE, Jean-Paul YONNET

Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique de Grenoble

State-of-Charge Estimation for Improving Management of Electric Vehicle

Lead-Acid Batteries during Charge and Discharge 659

Massimo CERAOLO*, R. GIGLIOLI*, G. PEDE**, G. CASAVOLA**,

M. CONTE**, S. GRANELLA***

*University of Pisa, **ENEA, ***3E Ingegneria

On-Board Battery Management System BADICOaCH 666

Werner RETZLAFF

Mentzer Electronic GmbH

Development of VRLA Batteries for HIMR Buses 672

Toshiaki HAYASHI, Kazumi NISHIDA, Masaharu TSUBOTA

Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd.

Sealed Bipolar Lead-Acid Batteries for Small Electric Vehicles 676

David L. HARBAUGH, Jeff L. ARIAS, E.D. DRAKE, D.W. BOUGHN

Arias Research Associates, Inc.

Performance of 10 Wh Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Using New Metal-Carbon

Composite Anodes (Ag-deposited Graphite) 682

Yasushi MURANAKA*, K. NISHIMURA*. H. HONBO*, S. TAKEUCHI*, H. ANDOU*,

Y. KOZONO*, H. MIYADERA*, M. ODA**, M. KOSEKI**, T. HORIBA**

*Hitachi, Ltd., **Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd.

XV

The Effects on Electric Vehicle Performance by Battery Temperature and

Depth-of-Discharge 688

Michio YOSHINO, Seiji SADAHIRA

Mazda Motor Corporation

Optimization of Charging Condition of Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Battery 694

Katsuyoshi KAWAI*, Kensuke HIRONAKA*, Takaki HAYASHIGUCHI*,

Shinya OGATA**, Tomoyuki DAIKUHARA**, Tooru MOGI**

*Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., **Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Power Capability and Thermal Management of ZEBRA Batteries 701

Harald BOHM*, G. GUTMANN**

*AEG Anglo Batteries GmbH, **Daimler-Benz AG

Approaches to the Evaluation of Batteries for Electric Vehicles 705

Masayuki YADA, Yasuyuki SUGII, Soichi KOGA

Tokyo Electric Power Company

Citycar System in the Czech Republic 711

MiroslavCENEK*, J. KAZELLE*, J. HAVEL**

*Technical University Brno, **Masaryk University Brno

*Classic 25MF - Development of VRLA Batteries in Thin Tubular Plate TechnologyKlaus-Dieter MERZ

CMP Batteries Ltd.

P7: Fuel Cells

Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells 713

Kazuo KAWAHARA, Tatsuya HAGA, Takahisa Suzuki, Takahiko ASAOKA

Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc.

Simulation of the Energy Management System of a Fuel Cell Powered Vehicle 718

Per EKDUNGE, Per PERSSON

AB Volvo, Technological Development

M P8: Infrastructure

An Advanced Intelligent Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles 723

Guoguang Ql, Xiaomm SUN, Cheng CAO

Tsinghua University

Battery Exchange System for Electric Scooters 728

Ling-yuan TSENG

ACT Battery Company

Electricycles for Zero Air Pollution & Fun 734

Gary STARR, Rick ROCKLEWITZ

ZAP Power Systems

*Paper not available at time of printing.

Charging System Using Solar Power for EVS 739

T.INOUE, M.YAMAZAKI, K. NAKAISHI, Takashi MATSUO

Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.

Community Activity Promoting Increased Use of Electric Vehicles

Present Achievement and Future Actions to Tackle Problems 747

Kazuhiko MITSUOKA

Osaka City Government

Design Considerations of Extremely Fast Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles 751

Keith W. KLONTZ*, Nasser H. KUTKUT**

*University of South Florida, **Soft Switching Technologies, Inc.

P9: EV Policies

The Partnership Programme of the Swiss Electric Vehicle Fleet Test in Mendrisio:

The Field Test for Europe 759

Urs MUNTWYLER*, Sigrid Kleindienst MUNTWYLER**

*The Swiss Federal Office of Energy, **Engineer's Office Muntwyler

P10: Standardization

Electric Vehicle Inductive Charging International Standards 765

David OUWERKERK, Richard BOWMAN

Delco Electronics Power Control Systems

PIT: Electric Bicycles

Development of "Electro-Hybrid Bicycle" with PAS 771

Tatsuzo KATSUOKA

Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.

*Solar Electric BicyclesIngolf SCHAFER*, Hannes NEUPERT*, Johannes DOERNDORFER**

*Umwelt-Exploratorium e.v., **EFA GmbH

*Paper not axailable at time ot printing

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