International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume … · 2018. 3. 15. · DESIGNING DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER BASED ON FLYBACK TOPOLOGY 1Sankar Murugesan, 2Parvathi R, 3Pradip

DESIGNING DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER BASED ON FLYBACK TOPOLOGY

1Sankar Murugesan,

2Parvathi R,

3Pradip Surgonda Bhendwade,

4Sarvajeet A Bhosale

1,3,4Professor, Department of Electronics and Tele Communication Engineering, 2Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,

1,2,3,4Affiliated to D-Batu Technological University, Lonere, Maharastra, INDIA.

[email protected]

Abstract: Power electronic converters are getting a

vital component for the longer term development of

crucial applications and square measure getting into

more technologies, that historically belongs to

completely different engineering disciplines as e.g.

power distribution and universal power supplies.

Therefore, the power electronic technology has not

solely to fulfill characteristics demanded by the load,

however even be ready to method energy with high

potency, high dependability, high power density and

low value. In the proposed system, Flyback convertor is

used rather than Full Bridge convertor at the front of

DC convertor. By using Flyback Topology the quantity

of switches within the convertor is reduced so reducing

the switch losses and increasing the potency of the

system. The topology of the projected Ripple

cancellation Network is enforced. The convertor as

shown is meant to change of magnitude voltage. The

flyback convertor is employed to spice up the voltage

and given back to the clamping circuit it scale back the

ringing losses and given back to the electrical device

stage with rectification section.the Ripple cancellation

Network regulate the voltages & rectifies it with the

assistance of diodes.the input & output filter is

employed to filter the ripples within the input/output

section.

Keywords: Fly back converter; Ripple cancellation

Network; power electronic converter; steady state

analysis.

1. Introduction

Power electronics is that the field of applied science

associated with the utilization of semiconductor devices

to convert power from the shape out there from a

supply to it needed by a load. The load could also be

AC or DC, single-phase or three-phase, and should or

might not like isolation from the facility supply. the

facility supply are often a DC supply or Associate in

Nursing AC supply (single-phase or three-phase with

line frequency of fifty or sixty Hz), an electrical

battery, a solar battery, an electrical generator or an

advert power offer.

A power convertor takes the facility provided by

the supply and converts it to the shape needed by the

load. The power converter can be an AC-DC convertor,

a DC-DC convertor, a DC-AC or Associate in Nursing

AC-AC converter reckoning on the appliance.

DC-DC converters square measure electronic

devices used whenever we would like to vary DC

electric power with efficiency from one voltage level to

a different. they're required as a result of in contrast to

AC, DC cannot merely be stepped up or down

employing a electrical device. In some ways, a DC-DC

convertor is that the DC equivalent of a electrical

device.

Typical applications of DC-DC converters square

measure wherever 24V DC from a truck battery should

be stepped right down to 12V DC to control a

automobile radio, CB transceiver or mobile phone;

wherever 12V DC from a lead-acid accumulator should

be stepped right down to 3V DC, to run a private CD

player; wherever 5V DC on a private laptop

motherboard should be stepped right down to 3V, 2V

or less for one amongst the newest C.P.U. chips;

wherever the 340V DC obtained by rectifying 240V

AC power should be stepped right down to 5V, one2V

and alternative DC voltages as a part of a computer

power supply; wherever 1.5V from one cell should be

stepped up to 5V or a lot of, to control electronic

circuitry; wherever 6V or 9V DC should be stepped up

to 500V DC or a lot of, to supply Associate in Nursing

insulation testing voltage; wherever 12V DC should be

stepped up to 40V about, to run a automobile hifi

amplifier’s circuitry; or wherever 12V DC should be

stepped up to 650V DC about, as a part of a DC-AC

sine-wave electrical converter.

In all of those applications, we would like to vary

the DC energy from one voltage level to a different,

whereas wasting as very little as potential within the

method. In alternative words, we would like to perform

the conversion with the best potential potency.

An important purpose to recollect concerning all

DC-DC converters is that sort of a electrical device,

they basically simply modification the input energy into

a unique electrical resistance level. therefore regardless

of the output voltage level, the output power all comes

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 118 No. 20 2018, 1093-1103ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

1093

from the input; there’s no energy factory-made

within the convertor.

2. Literature Survey

In Falin (2010) work, the same as the SEPIC DC/DC

convertor topology, the alphabetic character convertor

topology provides a positive output voltage from

Associate in Nursing input voltage that varies higher

than and below the output voltage. It explains the way

to style a alphabetic character convertor running in

continuous-conduction mode (CCM) with a coupled

electrical device.

Zhu and Ioinovici (1996) proposes comprehensive

and correct steady-state analysis of a change of

magnitude DC-DC switched-capacitor power convertor

is performed. The convertor performance functions, i.e.

DC voltage quantitative relation, efficiency, output

voltage ripple, square measure expressed in terms of

the quantity of switched-capacitor stages, range of

capacitors per stage, values of the capacitors and

parasitic parts, switch frequency and cargo. criterion

aiming at high potency, low ripple and possible output

voltage square measure developed. Trade-offs between

the potency demand and sensible regulation capability

square measure mentioned.

Yang, Liang and Chen describes Transformer less

dc-dc converters with high change of magnitude

voltage gain. The DC-DC convertor with high change

of magnitude voltage gain is wide used for several

applications, like fuel-cell energy-conversion systems,

solar-cell energy-conversion systems, and high-

intensity-discharge lamp ballasts for automobile

headlamps. The operative principles and also the

steady-state analyses of the projected convertor square

measure mentioned intimately. Finally, a paradigm

circuit of the projected convertor is enforced within the

laboratory to verify the performance of the projected

convertor.

Tomaszuk and Krupa (2011) proposes a High-

efficiency, high change of magnitude dc-dc converters.

The renewable energy sources like PV modules, fuel

cells or energy storage devices like super capacitors or

batteries deliver output voltage at the vary of around

twelve to seventy VDC. A comparison and discussion

of various DC/DC change of magnitude topologies are

performed across range of parameters and given during

this paper. large losses square measure high

Oded Abutbul, swayer Gherlitz and Yefim

Berkovich (2003) develops change of magnitude

Switching-Mode convertor With High Voltage Gain

employing a Switched-Capacitor Circuit. The

simplicity and hardiness of the answer, the chance of

obtaining higher voltage ratios than cascading boost

converters, while not mistreatment transformers with

all their issues, and also the sensible overall potency

square measure the advantages of the projected

convertor. pricey a lot of range of parts.

3. Proposed System

Power electronic converters are getting a vital

component for the longer term development of crucial

applications and square measure getting into a lot of

and a lot of in technologies, that historically belongs to

completely different engineering disciplines as e.g.

power distribution and universal power provides.

Therefore, the facility convertor technology has not

solely to fulfill characteristics demanded by the load,

however even be ready to method energy with high

potency, high dependability, high power density and

low value.

Furthermore, the chance of getting power

converters that not solely optimize performance and

minimize the dimensions of magnetic parts, however

conjointly permits the stabilization and improvement

on the grid is of nice profit. the utilization of resonant

converters is a horny choice to reach the said high

necessities. However, for wide output/input voltage

variation, the convertor should operate with a large

vary of switch frequency, that complicates the

improvement of the convertor. so as to control in wide

voltage vary, it's nearly not possible to method the

energy with one stage resolution. therefore here during

this project flyback primarily based RCN Network is

projected.

In the proposed system, Flyback convertor is

used rather than Full Bridge convertor at the front of

DC convertor. By using Flyback Topology the quantity

of switches within the convertor is reduced so reducing

the switch losses and increasing the potency of the

system.

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

1094

Figure

In figure 1 shows three stages of the proposed

system. That is voltage boosting,regulation stage and

transformer stage. However, the transformer stage and

control of the convertor are new. The topology of the

projected RCN network is enforced. The convertor as

shown is meant to change of magnitude voltage.

The flyback convertor is employed to spice up

the voltage and given back to the clamping circuit it

scale back the ringing losses and given back to the

electrical device stage with rectification section.the

RCN network regulate the voltages & rectifies it with

the assistance of diodes.the input & output filter is


section. The benefits of the work are Switching losses

are reduced, Efficiency is high, Number of

reduced and Cost effective.

The proposed work consists of following processes:

1. Fly back converter

2. Ripple cancellation Network

3. Efficiency calculation

3.1 Fly back Converter

The ac input is given to fly back convertor. It wi

operative within the following manner. once the first

switch, S1, is on, the complete input DC voltage from

the PV panel is affected across the electrical device, so

golf stroke energy into its magnetizing inductance and

creating its magnetizing current rise. once S1 is turned

off, the energy that was hold on within the

transformer's magnetizing inductance is transferred to

the output, that is that the grid. Since the output is AC,

ure 1. Block diagram of proposed system

1 shows three stages of the proposed

system. That is voltage boosting,regulation stage and

transformer stage. However, the transformer stage and

control of the convertor are new. The topology of the

projected RCN network is enforced. The convertor as

is meant to change of magnitude voltage.

The flyback convertor is employed to spice up

the voltage and given back to the clamping circuit it

scale back the ringing losses and given back to the

electrical device stage with rectification section.the

twork regulate the voltages & rectifies it with

the assistance of diodes.the input & output filter is


Switching losses

Number of switches are

The proposed work consists of following processes:

convertor. It will be

operative within the following manner. once the first

switch, S1, is on, the complete input DC voltage from

the PV panel is affected across the electrical device, so

golf stroke energy into its magnetizing inductance and

ent rise. once S1 is turned

off, the energy that was hold on within the

transformer's magnetizing inductance is transferred to

the output, that is that the grid. Since the output is AC,

this implies that it's either transferred through diode &

switch once the output voltage is positive or through

diode & switch once it's negative.

Fly-back convertor is that the most ordinarily used

SMPS circuit for low output power applications

wherever the output voltage has to be isolated from the

input main offer. The output power of fly

SMPS circuits could vary from few watts to but on

hundred watts.

The overall circuit topology of this convertor is

significantly less complicated than alternative SMPS

circuits. Input to the circuit is mostly unregulated dc

voltage obtained by rectifying the utility ac voltage

followed by an easy capacitance filter. The circuit

offers single or multiple isolated output voltages and

might operate over big selection of input voltage

variation. In respect of energy

power provides square measure inferior to several

alternative SMPS circuits however its easy topology

and low value makes it well-liked in low output power

vary.

The basic topology of a fly-

in below. Input to the circuit could also be unregulated

dc voltage derived from the utility ac offer when

rectification and a few filtering. a quick switch device

(‘S’), sort of a MOSFET, is employed with quick

dynamic management over switch duty quantitative

relation (ratio of ON time to switch time

care of the required output voltage. The electrical

device, in Figure 2, is employed for voltage isolation in

addition as for higher matching between input and

output voltage and current necessities.

this implies that it's either transferred through diode &

the output voltage is positive or through

back convertor is that the most ordinarily used

SMPS circuit for low output power applications

wherever the output voltage has to be isolated from the

input main offer. The output power of fly-back kind

SMPS circuits could vary from few watts to but one

The overall circuit topology of this convertor is

significantly less complicated than alternative SMPS

circuits. Input to the circuit is mostly unregulated dc

voltage obtained by rectifying the utility ac voltage

itance filter. The circuit

offers single or multiple isolated output voltages and

might operate over big selection of input voltage

variation. In respect of energy-efficiency, fly-back

power provides square measure inferior to several

uits however its easy topology

liked in low output power

-back circuit is shown

in below. Input to the circuit could also be unregulated

dc voltage derived from the utility ac offer when

ation and a few filtering. a quick switch device

(‘S’), sort of a MOSFET, is employed with quick

dynamic management over switch duty quantitative

relation (ratio of ON time to switch time-period) to take

care of the required output voltage. The electrical

, is employed for voltage isolation in

addition as for higher matching between input and

output voltage and current necessities.


1095

Figure 2. Fly back Converter

Primary and secondary windings of the

transformer are wound to have good coupling so that

they are linked by nearly same magnetic flux. The

primary and secondary windings of the fly-back

transformer don’t carry current simultaneously and in

this sense fly-back transformer works differently from a

normal transformer. The primary and secondary

windings of the fly-back transformer don’t conduct

simultaneously they are more like two magnetically

coupled inductors and it may be more appropriate to

call the fly-back transformer as inductor-transformer.

Accordingly the magnetic circuit design of a fly-back

transformer is done like that for an inductor. The output

section of the fly-back transformer, which consists of

voltage rectification and filtering, is considerably

simpler than in most other switched mode power

supply circuits. The secondary winding voltage is

rectified and filtered using just a diode and a capacitor.

Voltage across this filter capacitor is the SMPS output

voltage.

Primary and secondary windings of the electrical

device square measure wound to possess sensible

coupling so they're joined by nearly same magnetic

flux. the first and secondary windings of the fly-back

electrical device don’t carry current at the same time

and during this sense fly-back electrical device works

otherwise from a traditional electrical device. the first

and secondary windings of the fly-back electrical

device don’t conduct at the same time they're a lot of

like 2 magnetically coupled inductors and it should be a

lot of applicable to decision the fly-back electrical

device as inductor-transformer. consequently the

magnetic circuit style of a fly-back electrical device is

finished like that for Associate in Nursing electrical

device. The output section of the fly-back electrical

device, that consists of voltage rectification and

filtering, is significantly less complicated than in most

alternative switched mode power offer circuits. The

secondary coil voltage is corrected and filtered

mistreatment simply a diode and a capacitance. Voltage

across this filter capacitance is that the SMPS output

voltage.

Figure 3 shows the present carrying a part of the

circuit. within the equivalent circuit shown, the

conducting switch or diode is taken as a shorted switch

and also the device that's not conducting is taken as

Associate in Nursing open switch. This illustration of

switch is in line with our assumption wherever the

switches and diodes square measure assumed to possess

ideal nature, having zero fall throughout physical

phenomenon and 0 outpouring current throughout off

state.

Figure 3. Mode 1 Equivalent Circuit

When switch ‘S’ is turned off when conducting

for a few time. the first winding current path is broken

and in step with laws of magnetic induction, the voltage

polarities across the windings reverse. Reversal of

voltage polarities makes the diode within the secondary

circuit forward biased. The secondary coil current

charges the output capacitance. The output capacitance

is sometimes sufficiently massive specified its voltage

doesn’t modification appreciably in an exceedingly

single switch cycle however over a amount of many

cycles the capacitance voltage builds up to its steady

state worth.

The secondary coil, whereas charging the output

capacitance (and feeding the load), starts transferring

energy from the magnetic flux of the fly back electrical

device to the facility offer output in electrical kind. If

the off amount of the switch is unbroken massive, the

secondary current gets enough time to decay to zero

and magnetic flux energy is totally transferred to the

output capacitance and load.



1096

Mode-3 ends with activate of switch ‘S’ then the

circuit once more goes to Mode-1 and also the

sequence repeats. the 2 windings of the fly-back

electrical device don’t conduct at the same time {they

square measure|they're} still coupled magnetically

(linking a similar flux) and therefore the elicited

voltages across the windings are proportional to their

range of turns.


3.2 Ripple Cancellation Network

The transformation stage consists of an identical

network, a electrical device, and an RCN. The

matching network composed of Lrp and CRP acts as a

filter and provides a voltage gain , therefore reducing

the electrical device turns quantitative relation demand.

One issue with high-turns-ratio change of magnitude

electrical devices that exists in several topologies is that

the parasitic outpouring inductance of the transformer

will undesirably ring with its secondary facet winding

capacitance at the switch transitions. This creates

massive ringing within the current and voltage

waveforms, and high-frequency losses. The matching

network conjointly eliminates this ringing by

interesting the electrical device parasitics. The 1:N

electrical device provides extra voltage gain and

isolation. The RCN (composed of Ls and metal ) could

be a special single input, multi output matching

network that has fascinating electrical resistance

management characteristics .

One of the branches of the RCN comprises a

blocking capacitor CDC and an RCN inductor Ls . The

other branch comprises a series LC tank tuned to be net

capacitive at the switching frequency (net equivalent

capacitance Cs ). This branch may be modeled as a

series resonant tank (with components Lr and Cr )

tuned to the switching frequency for filtering, in series

with an additional RCN capacitance Cs . Since the

series LC tank appears as a short circuit at the

switching frequency, it is treated as such in Figure 4

and in the following analysis. Similarly, the dc

blocking capacitor CDC of Figure 5 is an effective

short at the high switching frequency. Hence, at the

switching frequency the input impedance of the RCN

looks purely resistive.

The use of the RCN reduces the modification in

electrical resistance seen by the electrical converter

because the effective rectifier resistance (RL ) changes

because of variations in output voltage and output

power . This compression result are often seen in

Figure 6, that shows that the RCN input electrical

resistance (ZRCN) varies solely by 25%, whereas the

effective rectifier resistance varies by 400%. This helps

attain ZVS and near-ZCS of the electrical converter

switches across a large vary of output and input

voltages. The RCN conjointly serves to limit the instant

output power across the complete operative vary by

providing a such as loading characteristic to the

electrical converter. The value of Xs is chosen in such

how therefore on limit the output power to the utmost

value needed across the vary of output voltages at the

minimum input voltage. Since the facility delivery

capability of the convertor will increase with input

voltage, this ensures that the convertor will deliver the

utmost needed power across its entire input voltage

vary.

3.2.1 3.3 Efficiency Calculations

A power converter’s efficiency is determined by

comparing its input power to its output power. More

precisely, the efficiency of the converter is calculated

by dividing the output power (Pout) by its input power

(Pin). The Greek symbol Eta “η” is usually used to

represent “Efficiency.”

η = Pout / Pin

Input Power, Pin = Vin. Iin

Output Power, Pout = Vout. Iout

Since all power converters have inherent

conversion losses, the output power is always less than

the input power. When the efficiency (η) and output

power (Pout) is known, the end-user can determine how

much input power (Pin) will be required and how much

power will be wasted (Pwaste) and converted to heat

energy under full load conditions.

4. Simulation Results

The DC input is given to the input filter. It removes the

input ripples & given to the flyback convertor. it's wont

to boost the voltage level and given to the RCN

Network. It is wont to regulate the voltage with the

assistance of close to ZCS & ZVS Condition. The

Voltage mensuration block measures the instant voltage

between 2 electrical nodes in input & output. The

output provides a Simulink signal which will be

utilized by alternative Simulink blocks. The output of

the system are often viewed through the scope.


1097

Figure 6. Simulation Block diagram

4.1 Parameter Analysis of proposed system in

Matlab

4.1.1 DC Voltage Source

The DC Voltage Source block implements an ideal DC

voltage source. The positive terminal is represented by

a plus sign on one port. You can modify the voltage at

any time during the simulation.

The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-

Transistor (MOSFET) could be a conductor governable

by the gate signal (g > 0) if its current Id is positive

(Id>0). The MOSFET device is connected in parallel

with an enclosed diode that activates once the

MOSFET device is reverse biased (Vds < 0). The

model is simulated as a series combination of a

resistance (Rt) and electrical device (Lon) serial with a

switch controlled by a logical signal (G>0 or g=0).


1098

Figure 7.

The MOSFET device turns on when the drain

source voltage is positive and a positive signal is

applied at the gate input (g >0).

With a positive current flowing through the

device, the MOSFET turns off when the gate input

becomes zero. If the current Id is negative (Id flowing

in the internal diode) and without a gate signal (g = 0),

the MOSFET turns off when the current Id becomes

zero (Id = 0).

Note that the on-state resistance Rt depends on

the drain current direction:

• Rt= Ron if Id > 0, where Ron represents the

typical value of the forward conducting resistance of

the MOSFET device.

• Rt= Rd if Id < 0, where Rd represents the

internal diode resistance

The MOSFET also contains a series Rs

snubber block circuit that can be connected in parallel

with the MOSFET.

Figure 8. Graph between Id & Vds

The diode could be a conductor that's controlled

by its own voltage Vak and current Iak. once a diode is

forward biased (Vak > 0), it starts to conduct with atiny

Figure 7. MOSFET Switch & its configuration

The MOSFET device turns on when the drain-

source voltage is positive and a positive signal is

positive current flowing through the

device, the MOSFET turns off when the gate input

becomes zero. If the current Id is negative (Id flowing

in the internal diode) and without a gate signal (g = 0),

the MOSFET turns off when the current Id becomes

state resistance Rt depends on

if Id > 0, where Ron represents the

typical value of the forward conducting resistance of

if Id < 0, where Rd represents the

The MOSFET also contains a series Rs-Cs

snubber block circuit that can be connected in parallel

Graph between Id & Vds

The diode could be a conductor that's controlled

by its own voltage Vak and current Iak. once a diode is

forward biased (Vak > 0), it starts to conduct with atiny

low forward voltage Vf across it. It turns off once the

present flow into the device becomes

diode is reverse biased (Vak < 0), it stays within the off

state. The Diode block conjointly contains a series Rs

Cs snubber circuit which will be connected in parallel

with the diode device (between nodes A and K).The

Series RLC Branch block implements one electrical

device, inductor, or capacitance, or a series

combination of those. Use the Branch kind parameter to

pick out parts you wish to incorporate within the

branch. If you eliminate either the resistance,

inductance, or capacitance of the branch, the R, L, and

C values square measure mechanically set severally to

zero, 0, and time (inf) and also the corresponding

parameters not seem within the block window. solely

existing parts square measure displayed within the

block icon. Negative values square measure allowed for

resistance, inductance, and capacitance.

4.1.2 Branch type

Select the elements you want to include in the branch.

The R letter defines the resistor, the L letter defines the

inductor, and the C letter defines the

Open circuit to define an open circuit (R=0, L=0,

C=inf).

The Pulse Generator block generates square wave

pulses at regular intervals. The block's waveform

parameters are Amplitude, Pulse Width, Period, and

Phase delay, determine the shap

waveform. The following diagram shows how each

parameter affects the waveform.

Generator will emit scalar, vector, or matrix

signals of any real knowledge kind. To cause the block

to emit a scalar signal, use scalars to specify the wave

parameters. To cause the block to emit a vector or

matrix signal, use vectors or matrices, severally, to

specify the wave parameters.

low forward voltage Vf across it. It turns off once the

present flow into the device becomes zero. once the

diode is reverse biased (Vak < 0), it stays within the off

state. The Diode block conjointly contains a series Rs-

Cs snubber circuit which will be connected in parallel

with the diode device (between nodes A and K).The

k implements one electrical

device, inductor, or capacitance, or a series

combination of those. Use the Branch kind parameter to

pick out parts you wish to incorporate within the

branch. If you eliminate either the resistance,

the branch, the R, L, and

C values square measure mechanically set severally to

zero, 0, and time (inf) and also the corresponding

parameters not seem within the block window. solely

existing parts square measure displayed within the

values square measure allowed for

resistance, inductance, and capacitance.

Select the elements you want to include in the branch.

The R letter defines the resistor, the L letter defines the

inductor, and the C letter defines the capacitor. Select

Open circuit to define an open circuit (R=0, L=0,

The Pulse Generator block generates square wave

pulses at regular intervals. The block's waveform

parameters are Amplitude, Pulse Width, Period, and

Phase delay, determine the shape of the output

waveform. The following diagram shows how each

Generator will emit scalar, vector, or matrix

signals of any real knowledge kind. To cause the block

to emit a scalar signal, use scalars to specify the wave

rameters. To cause the block to emit a vector or

matrix signal, use vectors or matrices, severally, to


1099

Use the pulse kind parameter to specify whether

or not the block's output is time-based or sample-based.

If you decide on sample-based, the block computes its

outputs at mounted intervals that you simply specify. If

you decide on time-based, Simulink® software system

computes the block's outputs solely every now and then

once the output really changes. This selection may

result in fewer computations for computing the block's

output over the simulation fundamental measure.

Simulink software system cannot use a fixed-step

problem solver to calculate the output of a time-based

generator. If you specify a fixed-step problem solver

for models that contain time-based pulse generators,

Simulink software system computes a set sample time

for the time-based pulse generators. Then the time-

based pulse generators simulate as sample-based.

If you decide on time-based because the block's

pulse kind, you want to specify the pulse's part delay

and amount in units of seconds. If you specify sample-

based, you want to specify the block's sample time in

seconds, mistreatment the Sample time parameter, then

specify the block's part delay and amount as whole

number multiples of the sample time.

The Voltage Measurement block measures the

instantaneous voltage between two electric nodes. The

output provides a Simulink® signal that can be used by

other Simulink blocks. The Current Measurement block

is used to measure the instantaneous current flowing in

any electrical block or connection line. The Simulink®

output provides a Simulink signal that can be used by

other Simulink blocks.

4.1.3 PID

The closed-loop system PID controller is provided to

realize the required output voltage. A proportional–

integral–derivative controller (PID controller) could be

a generic control loop feedback mechanism wide

utilized in industrial control systems. A PID is that the

most ordinarily used feedback controller.

A PID controller calculates Associate in Nursing

"error" worth because the distinction between a

measured method variable and a desired point. The

controller makes an attempt to reduce the error by

adjusting the method control inputs.

The PID controller calculation involves three

separate constant parameters, and is consequently

typically known as three-term control: the proportional,

the integral and by-product values P depends on this

error, I on the buildup of past errors, and D could be a

prediction of future errors, supported current rate of

modification. The weighted total of those three actions

is employed to regulate the method via a bearing

component like the position of a bearing valve, or the

facility provided to a constituent.

The Scope block displays inputs signals with

relation to simulation time. If a Scope window is closed

at the beginning of a simulation, scope knowledge

remains written to the connected Scope. As a result, if

you open a Scope when a simulation, the Scope

window displays the input or signals.

4.2 Simulation Waveforms

The12v is given as input voltage in this project

Figure 9. Input Voltage waveform

The input current measured it as 16.89A

Figure 10. Input Current waveform

The switch frequency is generated for the switch

is 24Khz.The switch five hundredth ON and five

hundredth OFF time is employed during this flyback

convertor. thanks to the effective on/off time is that the

switch, the stress are reduced and also the oveall

potency of the system is improved.


1100

Figure 11. Gate pulse waveform

Output voltage is 423V

Figure 12. Output Voltage waveform

The output current measured it as 0.85A

Figure 13. Output Current waveform

Table 1. Comparison of existing and proposed systems

Parameters

Existing System

Proposed

System

Required

Components

more less

No. of Switches used 4 1

Switching Frequency High frequency High

frequency

Efficiency 93% 97%

Output Voltage 110 120

Switching losses High Low

Switching stresses High Low

Cost High Low

5. Conclusion

The fly back converter primarily based RCN Network

is proposed. It reduces the quantity of switches and

losses within the existing system and also the projected

convertor achieves terribly high potency by

maintaining ZVS and near-ZCS over a large input

voltage, output voltage, and power vary. This style will

meet the high potency demand with an easy structure

and also the voltage regulation is nice. The simulation

is finished with the assistance of MATLAB Simulink

software system. Compared with existing system the

potency is improved upto 97.35%.

References

[1]. J. W. Baek, M. H. Ryoo, T. J. Kim, D. W.

Yoo, and J. S. Kim, “High boost converter using

voltage multiplier,” in Proc. IEEE IECON, 2005, pp.

567–572

[2]. J. Falin, “Designing dc/dc converters based on

ZETA topology,” Analog Appl. J., pp.16–21, 2Q, 2010.

[Online].

[3]. K. K. Law, K. W. E. Cheng, and Y. P. Benny

Yeung " Design and Analysis of Switched-Capacitor-

Based Step-Up Resonant Converters IEEE transactions

on circuits and systems—i: regular papers, Vol. 52, No.

5, May 2005.

[4]. F. L. Luo and H. Ye, “Positive output multiple-

lift push-pull switchedcapacitor Luo-converters,” IEEE

Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 594–602, Jun.

2004.

[5]. Oded Abutbul, Amir Gherlitz, Yefim

Berkovich, " Step-Up Switching-Mode Converter With


1101

High Voltage Gain Using a Switched-Capacitor

Circuit," IEEE transactions on circuits and systems—i:

fundamental theory and applications, Vol. 50, No. 8,

August 2003

[6]. K. B. Park, H. W. Seong, H. S. Kim, G. W.

Moon, and M. J. Youn, “Integrated boost-sepic

converter for high step-up applications,” in Proc. IEEE

Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 2008, pp. 944–950.

[7]. Ch.Sravan, D.Narasimharao” An Interleaved

Boost Converter with Zero-Voltage Transition for Grid

Connected PV System” ISSN 2249-6149, Issue 2,

Vol.2 (March-2012).

[8]. A.TOMASZUK and A. KRUPA, “High-

efficiency, high step-up dc-dc converters,” Technical

sciences Trans. Power Electron, Vol. 59, No. 4, 2011.

[9]. L. S. Yang, T. J. Liang, and J. F. Chen,

“Transformerless dc-dc converters with high step-up

voltage gain,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 56, No.

8,pp. 3144–3152, Aug. 2009.

[10]. D. Zhou, A. Pietkiewicz, and S. C´ uk, “A

three-switch high-voltage converter,” IEEE Trans.

Power Electron., vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 177–183, Jan.

1999.

[11]. G.Zhu and A.Ioinoviei, “Switched capacitor

power supplies: dc voltage ratio, efficiency, ripple,

regulation,” in Proc. IEEE ISCAS, 1996 pp.553-556

[12]. M. Zhu and F. L. Luo, “Voltage-lift-type C´ uk

converters: Topology and analysis,” IET Power

Electron., Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 178–191, Mar. 2009.

[13]. S.V.Manikanthan and V.Rama“Optimal

Performance of Key Predistribution Protocol In

Wireless Sensor Networks” International Innovative

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

,ISSN NO: 2456-1983,Vol-2,Issue –Special –March

2017.

[14]. T. Padmapriya, V.Saminadan, “Performance

Improvement in long term Evolution-advanced network

using multiple imput multiple output technique”,

Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and

Control Systems, Vol. 9, Sp-6, pp: 990-1010, 2017.

[15]. P. Sivakumar, V. Rajasekaran, K. Ramash

Kumar, “Investigation of Intelligent Controllers for

Varibale Speeed PFC Buck-Boost Rectifier Fed BLDC

Motor Drive,” Journal of Electrical Engineering

(Romania), Vol.17, No.4, 2017, pp. 459-471.

[16]. Dr. Seetaiah Kilaru, Hari Kishore K, Sravani T,

Anvesh Chowdary L, Balaji T “Review and Analysis of

Promising Technologies with Respect to fifth

Generation Networks”, 2014 First International

Conference on Networks & Soft Computing,

ISSN:978-1-4799-3486-7/14,pp.270-273,August2014.


1102

1103

1104

Documents

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume … · 2018. 3. 15. · DESIGNING DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER BASED ON FLYBACK TOPOLOGY 1Sankar Murugesan, 2Parvathi R, 3Pradip