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International survey on management practices- 1. General
International Stakeholder Seminar on Radiofrequency Policies Paris, 5 June 2013
International survey on risk management policies
Part 1: Survey presentation &
general policy patterns Professor Denis Zmirou-Navier1,2, Amit Dhungel1 and Clémence Varret1
1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health EHESP School of Public Health
Rennes, France 2Lorraine University Medical School, Nancy, France
Outline
• Material and methods: sources, data analysis, policy patterns (evidence-based policies; precautionary-based policies; ALARA-based policies; policies based on voluntary action; information-consultation prone policies)
• Results: distribution of the policy patterns scores
• Review of studies on the impact of RF risk management policies
• Please notify any inaccuracy in report
International survey on management practices- 1. General
International survey on management practices- 1. General
WHO 2012 Survey on RF policies
• Comprehensive survey (English, French, Spanish, and Russian)
– Personal exposures associated with the use of mobile devices (such as cell phones, cordless home phones …)
– Environmental exposures associated with fixed installations transmitting signals from radio, television and wireless communication networks, base stations, WiFi technologies …
– Occupational exposures (in the telecommunication, industrial and medical sectors, and others)
• 67 questions (closed-ended and open-ended)
• By the end of the survey period, 103 responses from 71 country in all six WHO regions
• Sources: respondents from the survey Summer-Fall 2013
through WHO regional offices and national authorities
(https://extranet.who.int/datacol/form_request.asp?form_id=2093)
• Supplementary data to complete missing information (45 countries; 33 responded)
• Secondary data from websites
of national authorities
(on exposure standards) : 5
• Data analysis: • Descriptive tables and maps
(in afternoon’s workshops)
• Policy patterns International survey on management
practices- 1. General
WHO 2012 Survey (cont.)
Analysis of policy patterns
• An assumption of 5 general profiles • Evidence-based policies (ICNIRP, IEEE/ICES or national science-based
standards)
• Precautionary-based policies
• ALARA-based policies
• Policies based on voluntary action (few prescriptive regulations and actors-driven provisions)
• Information-consultation prone policies (users of devices , neighbours of installations, personnel)
• Variables and scoring from 4 to 14 variables; sum of « yes » or « no » answers
International survey on management practices- 1. General
Results: respondents + other data
International survey on management practices- 1. General
Countries with available data (N=85)
WHO regions: 5.8% from South East Asia 10.6 % from Africa 11.8 % from Eastern Mediterranean 11.8 % Western Pacific; 20 % from Americas 40% from Europe
Evidence-based policies
International survey on management practices- 1. General
Region European (E)
Eastern Mediterranean (EM)
African (Af)
South-East Asia (SEA)
Western Pacific (WP)
Americas (Am)
Color
0
1
2
3
4
5
Spai
n
Au
stra
lia
Bah
rain
Bol
ivia
Ca
na
da
Chi
le
Co
sta
Ric
a
Cyp
rus
Fin
lan
d
Fr
ance
Ger
man
y
Icel
and
Irel
and
Mor
occo
Om
an
Sri L
anka
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Th
ail
an
d
Un
ited
Ara
b E
mir
ates
Au
stri
a
Arg
enti
na
Bos
nia
& H
erze
govi
na
Bra
zil
Bru
nei
Chi
na
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Hon
dura
s
Hun
gary
Ind
ia
Jord
an
New
Zea
lan
d
Nig
eria
Nor
way
Per
u
Phi
lipp
ines
Re
pu
blic
of K
ore
a
Ru
ssia
Saud
i Ara
bia
Sw
ed
en
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Arm
enia
Be
lgiu
m
El S
alva
do
r
Est
oni
a
Isra
el
Ital
y
Jap
an
Lit
hu
ania
Mau
riti
us
Por
tuga
l
Syri
a
Tri
nid
ad
& T
ob
ag
o
Tu
nis
ia
Tu
rk
ey
Un
ite
d K
ingd
om
Za
mb
ia
Sou
th A
fric
a
Bot
swan
a
Ken
ya
Gre
ece
Pol
and
Sa
n M
ari
no
Den
mar
k
Slov
akia
Lu
xe
mb
ou
rg
Slov
enia
Ne
ther
lan
ds
Score Scoring of countries according to the variables on evidence-based policies
- RF exposure limits from mobile devices for general public are based on science (ICNIRP/IEEE or research based evidence) - RF exposure limits from fixed installations for general public are based on science (ICNIRP/IEEE or research based evidence) - RF emission limits from fixed installations based on science (ICNIRP/IEEE or research based evidence) - Occupational exposure limits to RF for workers are based on science (ICNIRP/IEEE or research based evidence). - Provision to mandate financial contributions from relevant private sectors towards health-related research on RF fields
Items:
International survey on management practices- 1. General
Precautionary policies
Region European (E)
Eastern Mediterranean (EM)
African (Af)
South-East Asia (SEA)
Western Pacific (WP)
Americas (Am)
Color
0
1
2
3
Isra
el
Luxe
mbo
urg
Indi
a
Chile
Lith
ua
nia
Belg
ium
Gre
ece
San
Mar
ino
Ukr
aine
Cana
da
Net
herl
ands
Russ
ia
Pola
nd
Arm
enia
Zam
bia
Ken
ya
Cost
a Ri
ca
Cuba
Tuni
sia
Bulg
aria
Cypr
us
Den
mar
k
Esto
nia
Finl
and
Fran
ce
Ger
man
y
Irel
and
Ital
y
Slo
ve
nia
Spai
n
Switz
erla
nd
Turk
ey
Un
ited
Kin
gdom
Au
stra
lia
Mal
aysi
a
Score Scoring of countries according to the variables on precaution
- Exposure limit from mobile devices based on precautionary approach (PA) - Limitations on use of mobile for children based on PA - Exposure limits from fixed installations based on PA - Emission limits from fixed installations based on PA - Occupational exposure limits based on PA - Occupational provisions for specific groups based on PA - Management of occupational exposure to RF fields based on PA
Items:
ALARA policies
International survey on management practices- 1. General
Score
Region European (E)
Eastern Mediterranean (EM)
African (Af)
South-East Asia (SEA)
Western Pacific (WP)
Americas (Am)
Color
Scoring of countries according to the variables on ALARA policy
- Exposure limit from mobile devices based on ALARA approach - Exposure limits from fixed installations based on ALARA approach - Emission limits from fixed installations based on ALARA approach - Occupational exposure limits based on ALARA approach
Items:
0
1
2
Israel Lithuania Netherlands Chile
Policies based on voluntary action
- RF exposure limits for general public on mobile devices defined - Requirement to provide information on SAR values of mobile devices - Some form of limitations/advice regarding the use of mobile devices by children - RF exposure limits for general public on fixed installations defined - RF emission limits of fixed installations defined - Authorization required prior to installing a fixed installation - Provision on spatial distribution of fixed installations - Requirement to inform/consult stakeholders in the process of installing fixed installations - Provision to mandate financial contribution from private sectors towards health-related research on RF fields - RF exposure limits in occupational settings defined - Provisions to limit exposure to maintenance personnel in telecom sector - Provisions to limit exposure to workers in industrial sector + in medical sector - Provisions to limit exposure levels of specific subgroup of workers.
0123456789
101112131415
Region European (E)
Eastern Mediterranean (EM)
African (Af)
South-East Asia (SEA)
Western Pacific (WP)
Americas (Am)
Color
Scoring of countries according to the variables of voluntary actions
Items:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cana
da
Fran
ce
Ho
ndur
as
Isra
el
Spai
n
Aus
tral
ia
Belg
ium
Ge
rma
ny
Indi
a
Lith
uani
a
Mal
aysi
a
Mau
ritiu
s
Net
herl
ands
Un
ite
d K
ingd
om
Tuni
sia
Bots
wan
a
El S
alv
ado
r
Gre
ece
Icel
and
San
Mar
ino
Sri L
anka
Switz
erla
nd
Arg
enti
na
Turk
ey
Arm
enia
Bo
livia
USA
Chile
Cypr
us
Finl
and
Irel
and
Mo
rocc
o
New
Zea
lan
d
Phili
ppi
nes
Ru
ssia
Sau
di A
rabi
a
Sout
h A
fric
a
Sw
ed
en
Aus
tria
Braz
il
Bu
lgar
ia
Co
sta
Ric
a
Czec
h R
epub
lic
Den
mar
k
Ital
y
Jord
an
Ken
ya
Peru
Port
uga
l
Rep
ublic
of K
orea
Slov
enia
Thai
lan
d
Un
ited
Ara
b Em
irat
es
Zam
bia
Chin
a
Esto
nia
Japa
n
No
rway
Pola
nd
St. L
ucia
Brun
ei
Cu
ba
Om
an
Tanz
ania
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o
Region European (E)
Eastern Mediterranean (EM)
African (Af)
South-East Asia (SEA)
Western Pacific (WP)
Americas (Am)
Color
Information and consultation prone policies
Scoring of countries according to the emphasis they put on information or
consultation procedure
- Requirement to provide information on exposure to RF energy to purchasers of mobile devices - Provision to provide information/advice on reducing personal exposure to RF emitted by mobile devices - Provision to provide responses to individuals concerned on possible health consequences of RF exposure from mobile devices - Provision for community/local residents to request RF measurements around fixed installations - Provision for the public to have access to the records on exposure measurements from fixed installations - Requirement to inform/consult with public stakeholders before installing a fixed installation - Provision to provide responses to individuals who have concerns on possible health consequences of exposure to fixed installation (e.g. masts, tower etc.)
Items:
• Sources: – published literature and reports (Google, Google scholar, EMF-Portal,
Central Embase, Medline, Central Cochrane, Cinahl; SAGE, Cairn, Ebs Cohost) [English, French, Italian, Spanish]
– grey literature in institutional or academic websites (23 countries) – direct contacts – key words to browse Internet – unfinished: call for good practices (until late June)
• Data analysis: 1. Assessment of exposure levels 2. Policy implementation assessment 3. Impact on risk perception
International survey on management practices- 1. General
Review of studies on the impact of risk
management RF policies
Results
International survey on management practices- 1. General
• Little yield: very little published on assessing impact of risk management RF policies (but non exhaustive data) – 1. Assessment of exposure levels :
• Measurement and modeling guidelines: 1 published; 0 grey literature • Exposure to mobile phones and broadcasting bands: 9 published; 1 grey literature • Wi-Fi exposure: 2 published; 0 grey literature • Occupational exposure: 4 published; 3 grey literature
– 2. Policy implementation assessment: • Mobile phones base stations: 3 published; 11 grey literature • Occupational exposures: 1 published; 1 grey literature
– 3. Impact on risk perception: 5 published; 10 grey literature
• Evidence-based benchmarking for local, national or international policies is limited
• Such studies should be undertaken and results publically available (peer reviewed publications, institutional web sites) for experience sharing and dissemination.
• 4 case studies presentations (illustration of policy patterns): – Australia (evidence-based actions)
– Japan (voluntary-based actions)
– India (precaution-based actions)
– France (information-consultation actions)
• Afternoon: 3 workshops (13:15-15:30)
– Personal exposures (RF emiting devices)
– Environmental exposures (fixed installations)
– Occupational exposures
• Plenary session (16:05-17:15)
International survey on management practices- 1. General
What next ?
• Group discussions on these policy patterns
International Stakeholder Seminar on Radiofrequency Policies
Paris, 5 June 2013
Form for comments and questions
Session on Scientific background
Name (optional): …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
I would like to recommend the following technical and scientific topics be covered in the monograph,
where data exist, that may inform the development of risk management practices
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• Presentation of survey results
• Brainstorming on illustrative actions
• Discussion on policy attributes
Anke Huss/Siegal Sadetzki Olivier Merckel/Lindsay Martin Denis Zmirou/Martin Gledhill
Room Garance Auditorium Room Bordeaux