INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION Colin J Knowles Director, Colin Knowles and Associates Pty Ltd [email protected] MIGRATION FROM ANALOGUE

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

Colin J KnowlesDirector, Colin Knowles and Associates Pty [email protected]

MIGRATIONFROM ANALOGUE TO

DIGITAL BROADCASTING

IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGIONRegional Workshop Hanoi: 22 May 2011

Strengthening Digital Broadcasting Experience

04/19/23 1Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

Topic Overview

• Digital Migration in the Asia Pacific: ITU Initiatives: Guidelines and Roadmaps

• Findings from ITU Survey of the Region• Building a Migration Roadmap• DTV Technology Status and Options• Implementing DTV: Case Studies from the

Region


Digital Migration in the Asia Pacific: ITU Initiatives: Guidelines and Roadmaps

• Background to ITU initiative• The ITU Guidelines on Migration from Analogue to

Digital Broadcasting• Application of the Guidelines for the Asia Pacific Region• Migration of Analogue Archives to Digital• ITU Survey of Analogue to Digital Television Migration

in the Asia Pacific Region• Selection of Asia Pacific Countries for a Pilot

Programme to Assist in Building Migration Roadmaps


Background on Migration

• Geneva 06 Agreement• Migration Guidelines for Africa• WTDC 10 Decisions and Action Plan for AP• ITU Initiatives in AP Region to Implement

WTDC 10 Decisions


Geneva 06 (GE06 ) Agreement

Planning Area: Highlighted above

Frequency Bands: Band III 174-230 MHzBand IV: 470-58 MHzBand V: 582-862

GE06 Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Plans to be implemented by June 2015 (except so developing countries where transition ends June 2020)


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ITU Asia-Pacific Region

• Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific: Bangkok, Thailand

• Area Office for South East Asia: Jakarta, Indonesia • The offices serve for 38 Member States and 71 BDT

Sector Members

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Bhutan

Cambodia

Lao, PDR

Maldives

Nepal

Myanmar

KiribatiSamoa

Solomon Is.TuvaluVanuatuTimor Leste

FijiMarshall IslandsMicronesiaNauru Tonga

LDCs (14)LDCs (14)

PNG

D.P.R. Korea

India

Indonesia

Mongolia

Pakistan

Philippines

Sri Lanka

Vietnam

Low-Income States (9)Low-Income States (9)

SIDS (12)SIDS (12)

AustraliaBrunei China/Hong

KongIran

Japan

MalaysiaNew Zealand

R.O. Korea

Singapore

Thailand

The Rest (10)The Rest (10)

04/19/23 Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

ITU & Digital Broadcasting

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Digital Broadcasting Project

ObjectivesTo assist the Asia-Pacific countries in making their own roadmap to shift

smoothly from analogue to DTTB and to introduce MTV.

• Funded by ITU and KCC, Republic of Korea

• Main Activities• Survey on broadcasting & transition situation;• Adaptation of Guidelines developed through Roadmap of a project in Africa;• Development of Roadmap for some selected countries in Asia-Pacific; • Workshop to train participants on how to develop Roadmap and share

experiences amongst neighboring countries in Asia-Pacific.


Expected Results

Policy and regulatory frameworks for digital terrestrial broadcasting, including mobile television and spectrum re-farming due to the digital dividend

Digital broadcasting master plans for transition from analogue to digital broadcasting, including mobile TV and IPTV

Appropriate mechanisms for conversion from analogue to digital archives and mechanisms for sharing of content

Provision of assistance in the field of interactive multimedia services to broadcasters in the Asia-Pacific region

Enhanced skills of relevant human resources in the area of digital broadcasting technologies

Comprehensive guidelines on the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting

Facilitating the availability of universal radio receivers at affordable prices.


Description of Main Activities Survey on the current situation of broadcasting

Collect information through questionnaire Analyze the collected information

Adaptation of the guidelines Decide which parts of the guidelines needed to be adapted Study guidelines to support the conversion Disseminate introductory knowledge on conversion

Development of master plan for pilot countries Identify pilot countries Clarify the requirements Customize guidelines & develop master plan

Capacity building on digital broadcasting technologies Organize regional workshop/training


ITU Assistance & Guidelines

• Provide information and recommendations on broadcasting policy, regulation, technologies, network planning, customer awareness and business planning for the smooth transition to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) and introduction of Mobile Television Broadcasting (MTV).

• Assist in development of a well defined roadmap for transition.

Note: The Guidelines have been prepared for Africa, taking into account the provisions of the GE06 Agreement. However they could also be applied in countries outside the GE06 planning area, but provisions of other applicable regulations, instead of GE06, should be taken into account in that case.

www.itu.int


Drivers for Migration in the AP

• GE06 does not apply to the Asia Pacific Region but migration is important!

• Harmonization of Frequency Assignments maximize value of digital dividend globally

• Supply of Analogue equipment will become a problem• Additional capacity to deliver programmes at little

additional cost (Enabler)• Needs of individual countries in AP are diverse• There is a transition cost! This will determine the

urgency for migration.


Application of the Guidelines for the Asia Pacific Region

• Revision of the Guidelines for application in the AP Region– Put GE06 into context for Region 3– Add references to the additional technologies applicable to

Region 3

• Include new material: Guidelines on Archives Migration– These have wider application than Region 3


Migration of Analogue Archives to Digital

• Why Migration is Important• Migration Options and Strategies• Integration of Archives into the Digital

Production Workflow• Planning for Archive Migration


ITU Survey of Analogue to Digital Television Migration in the Asia Pacific Region

• Background and Objectives of the Survey– Similar survey carried out in Africa– Questionnaire updated for AP to obtain more comprehensive

information about migration needs, capability, and information needs• Respondents to the Survey

– Survey went to 39 Countries (including Cook Islands)– Acknowledgements received by ITU 25 – Country 22 Respondents from the AP Region (excluding Hong Kong

SRA, Singapore, and Vietnam)– China, Cook Islands, New Zealand, Philippines and Thailand did not

require assistance or provided no information to identify any need for assistance..

– 17 countries are eligible for consideration under selection criteria.– 5 Pilot countries announced Mid December 2010 (Cambodia,

Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Tonga)


Main Findings of AP Survey

04/19/23 Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011 16

Time Period Number of Countries

DTTB Introduction MTV Introduction

End of Transition

Until 2010 10 5 0

Until 2015 4 (Number of starts may be higher)

? 5

Until 2020 10 (Speculative Estimate)

? 3

Beyond 2020 Some very small countries may be later than 2020

? 10

17 Countries responded to survey – Information on further countries obtained from other sources: There are 38 ITU Member States – table reflects 24 countries of AP Only

Summary• Wide diversity of needs, aspirations, and capability.• Detailed questionnaire was challenging for many respondents – yet

where information was provided it laid a good foundation for further consideration of assistance needs and migration complexity

• Two major groupings of complexity emerge:– Sparse settlement over large areas (eg Island States) and or difficulty

geography- Few neighbouring states and fairly simple planning for DTV but distribution of signal to transmitters difficult.

– More densely populated states with Complex Planning of multiple high power services and multiple translators

• In most cases the level of in-country theoretical knowledge of DTV may be sufficient but there is limited practical implementation know how and initially insufficient time to build that experience internally.

• Most need assistance with Policy, Regulation, and Analogue Switch Off strategy.


Selection of Asia Pacific Countries for a Pilot Programme to Assist in Building Migration Roadmaps

• Five countries selected for ITU Assistance under a pilot programme

• Selection Criteria sought to identify:– Representative mix of developing countries– Candidates who might be able to progress with

migration early and so provide lessons for others– Candidates who had sufficient capability to progress

from roadmap to implementation– Candidates where there was strong support from

Government for migration


Selection of Asia Pacific Countries for a Pilot Programme to Assist in Building Migration Roadmaps

• Five countries selected were:– Mongolia – Roadmap report to be completed by May 2011

– Cambodia – Roadmap report to be completed by May 2011

– Tonga - Will commence by June-July 2011

– Sri Lanka - Will commence by June-July 2011

– Nepal - Will commence by June-July 2011


DTV Technology Compression and Transmission

• Compression Technologies– MPEG-2– MPEG-4

• Terrestrial Transmission• Mixed Satellite and Terrestrial• Cable and IPTV


DTV Technology Terrestrial Broadcast Applications

• Technology Options• Digital Terrestrial TV– ATSC– ISDB– DVB-T/T2– China DTV


DTV Technology Mobile Applications

• Mobile Digital Television– CMMB– DMB– Media Flo– DVB-H


DTV Technology Terrestrial Radio Applications

• DAB & DAB+• DRM• ISDB• DMB• CMMB


National DTV Standards• Generic Standards have to be adapted to National

needs – They provide a tool box of options to select from for local needs

• Particular Attention should be given to assignment of Logical Channel Numbers, EPG and structure of Systems Information

• National Channel Frequency Allocations also need to be specified for Manufacturers

• Look to standards of established countries for guidance on what should be specified in National Standards


Building a Migration Roadmap

• The ITU Guidelines• Drivers of Migration• Factors that Influence the Approach• Engagement of the Stakeholders (National

Roadmap Team)• Implementation Phase• Analogue Switch Off (ASO)• Delivering the Digital Dividend?


























Implementing DTV: Lessons from the Region: Australia

– Early Adopter – Services commenced Jan 2001• Equipment Supply and reliability was initially difficult.

– Standards and Roll-out• Evaluated ATSC and DVB and opted for DVB-T• Comprehensive assessment to achieve same coverage –

digital has different failure characteristics.• HDTV and Multi-channel: Broadcasters have full 7MHz

DTV channel and will be required to give up Analogue Channel.

• Large Country, Many high density areas to cover, complex mix of high and low power services, 5-6 networks nationally, Digital had to be integrated with analogue to allow simulcast



– Organization• Planning was joint effort between Government,

Regulator and Broadcasters over several years• Policy and Legislation: Supported need for large

infrastructure investment• Digital Dividend is one objective (involving

restacking of spectrum)



– Completion of ASO 2013• More than 4000 transmitters at 1200 sites ranging from

1MW analogue – Low Power Translators across Australia with complementary Satellite services.

– ASO Organization and Implementation• Separate dedicated organization within Government• Timetable and Strategy developed with the Industry• Extensive Communication campaign to end users and

retailers


Implementing DTV: Bhutan

– LDC with small population and exceptionally difficult terrain

– Trans border satellite concerns– Still in progress of rolling out analogue– Extensive Cable TV implementation– ITU assisted with preliminary roadmap guidance in

2009/10


Implementing DTV: Mongolia

• Government decision to migrate by June 2013• Sparse Population and large area but well

developed analogue strategy• Objective to achieve at least 10 digital

channels across the country• ITU assistance with roadmap strategies in

February 2011• First Stage implementation before end 2011 –

tenders for supply


Some Lessons from Region• Most complex issues are policy and regulation

and Analogue Switch Off• Technology is now stable and affordable• Lots of experienced supplier assistance available• Many similarities between AP countries in the

issues and delivery of Digital Services• Distribution is often a challenge• Digital Dividend may be a significant objective to

enable rapid development of communications services.


Acknowledgement

• ITU and its Partner KCC (Republic of Korea) in the Roadmap Project

• ABU in collaboration with ITU on the regional survey and guidelines revision project

• The administrations from the region: in particular Bhutan and Mongolia for their participation in the Roadmap projects.


Documents

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION Colin J Knowles Director, Colin Knowles and Associates Pty Ltd [email protected] MIGRATION FROM ANALOGUE