INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL TOURISM TOURISM

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1Tourism in PerspectiveTourism in Perspective

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand what tourism is and its Understand what tourism is and its many definitionsmany definitions

Learn the components of tourism and Learn the components of tourism and tourism managementtourism management

Examine the various approaches to Examine the various approaches to studying tourism and determine studying tourism and determine which is of greatest interest to youwhich is of greatest interest to you

Appreciate how important this Appreciate how important this industry is to the economy of the industry is to the economy of the world and of many countriesworld and of many countries

Know the benefits and costs of Know the benefits and costs of tourismtourism

What is Tourism?What is Tourism?

Visiting a particular place Visiting a particular place for sightseeing.for sightseeing.

Visiting friends and Visiting friends and relatives, taking a vacation, relatives, taking a vacation, and having a good time.and having a good time.

Four different perspectives Four different perspectives of tourismof tourism

The touristThe tourist The businesses providing The businesses providing

tourist goods and servicetourist goods and service The government of the host The government of the host

community or areacommunity or area The host communityThe host community

Tourism may be defined as Tourism may be defined as the process, activities, and the process, activities, and outcomes arising from the outcomes arising from the relationships and the relationships and the interactions among tourists interactions among tourists supplies, host government, supplies, host government, host communities and host communities and surrounding environment surrounding environment that are involved in the that are involved in the attracting and hosting of attracting and hosting of visitors. visitors.

Tourism comprises the Tourism comprises the activities of persons activities of persons traveling to and staying in traveling to and staying in places outside their usual places outside their usual environment for not more environment for not more than one consecutive year than one consecutive year for leisure, business and for leisure, business and other purposes. other purposes.

World Tourism Organization World Tourism Organization DefinitionsDefinitions

Tourism? Tourism? International tourismInternational tourism

Inbound tourismInbound tourism Outbound tourismOutbound tourism

Internal tourismInternal tourism Domestic tourismDomestic tourism National tourismNational tourism

World Tourism Organization World Tourism Organization DefinitionsDefinitions

Traveler Terminology for Traveler Terminology for International Tourism? International Tourism?

Same – day visitorsSame – day visitors TouristsTourists

World Tourism Organization World Tourism Organization DefinitionsDefinitions

TouristsTourists Natural Resources and Natural Resources and

EnvironmentEnvironment The Built EnvironmentThe Built Environment Operating Sectors of the Tourism Operating Sectors of the Tourism

IndustryIndustry Spirit of HospitalitySpirit of Hospitality Planning, Development, Planning, Development,

Promotion, and Catalyst Promotion, and Catalyst OrganizationsOrganizations

Components of Tourism and Components of Tourism and Tourism ManagementTourism Management

The importance of The importance of IntegratedIntegrated

The processes, Activities, The processes, Activities, and Outcomes of Tourismand Outcomes of Tourism

Careers in TourismCareers in Tourism

Components of Tourism and Components of Tourism and Tourism ManagementTourism Management

Institutional ApproachInstitutional Approach Product ApproachProduct Approach Historical ApproachHistorical Approach Managerial ApproachManagerial Approach Economic ApproachEconomic Approach

Basic approaches the study Basic approaches the study of Tourimsof Tourims

Basic approaches the study Basic approaches the study of Tourismof Tourism Sociological ApproachSociological Approach Geographical ApproachGeographical Approach Interdisciplinary ApproachesInterdisciplinary Approaches The systems ApproachThe systems Approach

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TOURISMTOURISM Provides employment Provides employment

opportunities, both skilled and opportunities, both skilled and unskilled, because it is a labor-unskilled, because it is a labor-intensive industryintensive industry

Generates a supply of needed Generates a supply of needed foreign exchangeforeign exchange

Increases incomesIncreases incomes Creates increased gross national Creates increased gross national

productproduct Can be built on existing Can be built on existing

infrastructureinfrastructure

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TOURISMTOURISM Develop infrastructure that will Develop infrastructure that will

also help stimulate local also help stimulate local commerce and industrycommerce and industry

Can be developed with local Can be developed with local products and resourcesproducts and resources

Helps to diversify the economyHelps to diversify the economy Tends to be one of the most Tends to be one of the most

compatible economic compatible economic development activities available development activities available to an area, complementing to an area, complementing other economic activitiesother economic activities

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TOURISMTOURISM Spreads developmentSpreads development Has a high multiplier impactHas a high multiplier impact Increases governmental revenuesIncreases governmental revenues Broadens educational and cultural Broadens educational and cultural

horizons and improves feelings of horizons and improves feelings of self-worthself-worth

Improves the quality of life related Improves the quality of life related to a higher level of income and to a higher level of income and improved standards of livingimproved standards of living

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TOURISMTOURISM Reinforces preservation of Reinforces preservation of

heritage and traditionheritage and tradition Justifies environmental Justifies environmental

protection and improvementprotection and improvement Provides employment for artists, Provides employment for artists,

musicians, and other performing musicians, and other performing artists because of visitor interest artists because of visitor interest in local culture, thereby in local culture, thereby enhancing the cultural heritageenhancing the cultural heritage

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TOURISMTOURISM Provides tourist and recreational Provides tourist and recreational

facilities that may be used by a facilities that may be used by a local populationlocal population

Breaks down language barriers, Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class sociocultural barriers, class barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and barriers, political barriers, and religious barriersreligious barriers

Creates a favorable worldwide Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destinationimage for a destination

Promotes a global communityPromotes a global community Promotes international Promotes international

understanding and peaceunderstanding and peace

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TOURISMTOURISM Develops excess demand for Develops excess demand for

resources resources Creates the difficulties of Creates the difficulties of

seasonalityseasonality Causes inflationCauses inflation Can result in unbalanced economic Can result in unbalanced economic

developmentdevelopment Creates social problemsCreates social problems Degrades the natural physical Degrades the natural physical

environment and creates pollutionenvironment and creates pollution Degrades the cultural environmentDegrades the cultural environment

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TOURISMTOURISM Increases the incidence of crime, Increases the incidence of crime,

prostitution, and gamblingprostitution, and gambling Increases vulnerability to Increases vulnerability to

economic and political changes economic and political changes Threatens family structureThreatens family structure Commercializes culture, religion, Commercializes culture, religion,

and the artsand the arts Creates misunderstandingCreates misunderstanding Creates conflicts in the host Creates conflicts in the host

societysociety Contributes to disease, economic Contributes to disease, economic

fluctuation, and transportation fluctuation, and transportation problemsproblems

SUMMARYSUMMARY

In this chapter we have examined In this chapter we have examined the subject of tourism. The rapid the subject of tourism. The rapid growth in the movement of growth in the movement of people, both domestically and people, both domestically and internationally, has brought internationally, has brought about an industry of vast about an industry of vast proportions and diversity. Also, it proportions and diversity. Also, it is universal-found in all countries is universal-found in all countries of the world, but in greatly varied of the world, but in greatly varied qualities and proportions.qualities and proportions.

SUMMARY SUMMARY

The economic importance and future The economic importance and future prospects are also worthy of careful prospects are also worthy of careful study. These considerations lead to the study. These considerations lead to the ways in which the study of tourism can ways in which the study of tourism can be undertaken. There are a number of be undertaken. There are a number of basic approaches to the study of basic approaches to the study of tourism, and in this book we include all tourism, and in this book we include all of them in the various chapters. By the of them in the various chapters. By the time you complete the book you will time you complete the book you will know a great deal about the social and know a great deal about the social and economic implications of tourism, and economic implications of tourism, and you will have developed a keen interest you will have developed a keen interest in our world and the fascinating in our world and the fascinating panorama of places, peoples, cultures, panorama of places, peoples, cultures, beauty, and learning that travel beauty, and learning that travel provides in such abundance.provides in such abundance.