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Internet is a global system of interconnectedcomputer networks that interchange data bypacket switching using the standardizedInternet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).

It is a "network of networks" that consistsof millions of private and public, academic,business, and government networks of localto global scope that are linked by copper

wires, fiber-optic cables, wirelessconnections, and other technologies.

The Internet carries various informationresources and services, such as electronicmail, online chat, file transfer and file


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Advanced Research ProjectsAgency(ARPA) or the USDepartment of Defense linked

together mainframe computersto form a communicationsnetwork.


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Source: Internet Software Consortium

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

Aug-81

Aug-83

Aug-85

Aug-87

Aug-89

Aug-91

Aug-93

Aug-95

Aug-97

Aug-99

Aug-01

NumberofHostsontheInternet


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1945 1995

MemexConceived

1945

WWWCreated

1989

MosaicCreated1993

A

MathematicalTheory of

Communication1948

PacketSwitchingInvented

1964

SiliconChip

1958

First VastComputerNetwork

Envisioned1962

ARPANET

1969

TCP/IPCreated

1972

InternetNamed

andGoesTCP/IP1984

HypertextInvented

1965

Age ofeCommerce

Begins1995


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local ISP

campus

network

corporate

network

IX P

Regional

Network

Regional

Network

local ISP

local ISP

IX P

IX P

Backbone Network

Backbone Network

Regional

Network

Regional

Network


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The Internet workings include a technical struture and amanagement structure.

The management structure consists of a democraticcollection of loosely-coupled organizations andworking groups.

The technical structure of the Internet is made up of a

mix of hierarchical systems, like IP addresses anddomain names, and network systems all tied togetherwith millions of lines of sophisticated software thatcontinues to get better all the time.

So far this combination of management and

technical structures has worked well,providing the reliable, powerful communication

platform on which the rest of the

complexity of the Internet is built.


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The first and foremost is to know about HTML (HypertextMarkup Language).

HTML helps in providing hypertext links and allows theusers to see web pages associated with the websites.

These hypertext links allows the users to move from onewebsite to another.

Typically internet follows Client/server model where web-browsers acts as client software on the remote machine. The

server software is hosted on the web server which acts ashost.

WORKING OF WORLD WIDE WEB


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A web browser contains URL (Uniform resourcelocators) where the visitors can specify the webaddress.

when the web browser sends the URL request usingHTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), then the web

browser and the web server gets connected in orderto get the desired result.

An URL consists of several parts.

The first part-the http:// - which is used for internetprotocol.

The second part is www -that tells what kind of

Internet resource is being contacted.


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A web browser is a software application which enables a userto display and interact with text, images, videos, music and otherinformation typically located on a Web page at a website on theWorld Wide Web or a local area network.

Text and images on a Web page can contain hyperlinks to

other Web pages at the same or different website.

Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily accessinformation provided on many Web pages at many websites bytraversing these links.

Web browsers format HTML information for display, so theappearance of a Web page may differ between browsers.

Some of the Web browsers currently available for personalcomputers include Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari,

Opera, Netscape Google Chrome etc.


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Download means getting something from somewhereDownloadmeans to receive data to a local system from

a remote system, or to initiate such a data transfer

UploadUploading means putting something somewhere

Uploadingusually refers to copying files from a smaller

peripheral system to a larger central system

Uploading and downloadinghave simplified

the free exchange of information which has

characterized the computer age.

Uploading and downloadingare used on a daily

basis by Internet consumers


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Internet has a positive impact on the way peoplemanage their health

It has become the main source for health informationand advice

"Internet has become an integral tool for many tomanage and improve their health , but it's also

obvious that we have a way to go to maximize the use

of Internet tools to provide better careTravel Internet is playing a key role in the travel customers

researching and buying travel services.

Ease of comparison of various travel offerings

Convenience of online purchase from home/office

Save time and money

Internet would ensure survival & success in the travel

business of the near future


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Education Internet have become an integral part of the education

Internet offers a lot of interactive opportunities.

It offers the chance to connect with online educational

institutions through the use of internet cameras and communicationdevices

E-books are an essential source of education.

Through the use of tele-projects, message boards, and countlessother innovations, students are exposed to an entire new world ofeducation.

Job Hunting It is an act of looking for employment, due to unemployment

or discontentment with a current position

Common methods of job hunting on net are:-

o using a job search engine

o using a job employment sites

o finding a job through a business network or personal network


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Today Internet has become a source of Entertainment.Entertainment is a form of pleasure.Many Forms of Entertainment via internet are as follows:-

1. Movies n MusicMovies or music options are provided on net whichentertainment amuse and past the time.

2. Computer GamesThere are different kinds of computer games; some are inspiredby puzzles and sports while others are more on the role-playinggames.

3. ReadingPeople consider reading a form of entertainment. A vast rangeof ebooks from the world's leading academic, popular andprofessional publishers are available


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Electronic filing - is a method of filing of all documents

(including Tax, Legal, company affairs etc.), that uses

an electronic format

Electronic payment - made via a web browser for

goods and services using credit or debit cards.Features ofE- Filling and E-Payments:-

1. Reduces cost for services provider as well as forconsumers.

2. Eliminates paper waste

3. Speeds up the process4. Helps to prevent errors

5. eliminates paper waste

Facilities of E-Filing and E-Payments on internet has lead totremendous savings.


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IRC is a synchronous communication system on the Internet IRC is based on a client/server model IRC client is a program that runs on your computer and sends

and receives messages to and from an IRC server IRC is a multi-user chat system that allows to people gather on

"channels" to talk in groups or privately

Email Electronicmailis the transmission of messages over

communications networks

Using an e-mail client you can compose an e-mail message andsend it to another person anywhere All online services and ISPs offer e-mail, and support gateways

so that you can exchange e-mail with users of other systems

This is a particularly the most effective way to communicate


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Videoconferencing is a conference between two or moreparticipants by using computer networks to transmit audio andvideo data

Conferencing system generally uses text, audio, and video forholding group meetings and uses protocols

As the participants speak, their voices are carried over thenetwork and delivered to the other speakers, and images

appear on a camera on other participant's monitor.

InternetTelephony Internet telephony software essentially provides free

telephone calls anywhere in the world

It consists of a combination of hardware and software thatenables to use the Internet as the transmission medium fortelephone calls

PC-to-PC Internet telephony can be as easy as hooking up amicrophone to your computer and sending your voice through acable modem to a person who has Internet telephony software
http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://audiovisual.ivci.com/images/audio-visual-video-conferencing-systems-photo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://audiovisual.ivci.com/audio-visual-video-conferencing-systems.html&usg=__HvIg8nh3TueTUxNFPycrViA5Zp8=&h=239&w=425&sz=19&hl=en&start=23&um=1&tbnid=fBzDD5r-T3JrnM:&tbnh=71&tbnw=126&prev=/images?q=Video+Conferencing&ndsp=20&hl=en&sa=N&start=20&um=1


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IP Address

Decimal: 238 . 17 . 159 4

Binary: 11101110 00010001 10011111 00000100

Each computer on the Internethas a uniquenumerical address, called an Internet Protocol(IP) address, used to route packets to it acrossthe Internet

The IP address is the geographical descriptor ofthe virtual world, and the addresses of bothsource and destination systems.

Format. An IP address is made up of four bytesof information (totaling 32 bits) expressed asfour numbers between 0 and 255 shownseparated by periods.

Example :-


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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol- TCP/IPis the basic communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is atwo-layer program. Transmission Control Protocol, manages theassembling of a message or file into smaller packets that aretransmitted over the Internet. Internet Protocol, handles theaddress part of each packet so that it gets to the rightdestination.

File Transfer Protocol- FTP is a standard network protocolused to exchange files over a TCP/IP based network. FTP is built

on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control anddata connections between the client and server applications. Hypertext transfer protocol- HTTP is an application-level

protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia informationsystems.

Interior Gateway Protocols - IGP are used to routeInternetcommunications within a local area network. It is used within an

autonomous system Exterior Gateway Protocols - EGP are used for routingbetween networks, linking the different networks together. Itdetermines network reachability between autonomous systems


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A search engine is a tool designed to search for

information. A search engine lets you find things on theWeb using keywords. Each search engine has its ownadvantages and disadvantages. Based on rankings by

total searches,the top five search engines are Google - Google became the most used search engine

on the web due to its accurate results and a massiveindex

Yahoo - Yahoo is one of the most popular searchengines on the web, due to aconsistently large index andmany advanced tools for searchers

MSN/ Windows Live - Microsofts MSN Search is part ofits popular MSN portal site. It is a powered directory.

AOL - AOL Search allows its members to search both theweb and AOLs own content.

Ask- This engine returns web pages based on aquestion asked by the user. It is popular with new webusers.

Search Engine


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BENEFITS AND THREATS

OF INTERNT


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Ecommerce

Communication

News

Services

Accessibility

Information

Benefits

Information


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Information Internet is the biggest source of information. Huge amount of

information is available on any kind of subjects you are looking

Accessibility 24x7 Internet world is open 24hours a day and 7 days a weeks. It is

accessible from anywhere at any time

ServicesMany services are now provided on the internet such as onlinebanking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies,guidance services and hotel reservations.

News You can get latest news of the world on the Internet. Most of the

newspapers of the world are also available on the Internet. Theyhave their websites from where you can get the latest news aboutthe events happening in the world.

Communication

Ecommerce


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Filtration

Of

Information

SpammingSpamming

Immorality Hacking

Viruses

InternetInternet

addictionddiction

Identity

Theft

Threats


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IDENTITY THEFT

Messages sent over the internet can easily be snooped & tracked. Use of credit

cards or internet banking for online shopping, your personal details can also beaccessed by culprits. There is a grave danger as personal information may betracked

VIRUSES

Popular source of spreading viruses is through advertisement. They get transferfrom one computer to another when information is transmitted between network.

SPAMMING

Sending unsolicited e-mails in bulk, which serve no purpose & unnecessary clogup the entire system.

INTERNET ADDICTION

According to some researchers internet is simply a way people try to escape theirproblems in an online world. Internet addiction is psychological disorder


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HACKING

Valuable sites are damaged by hackers and confidential datamay be accessed by unauthorized persons , probablyhackers

IMMORALITY

Some websites contains immoral materials in the form oftext, pictures or movies etc. These websites damage thecharacter of new generation.

FILTRATION OF INFORMATION

When a keyword is given to a search engine to searchinformation of a specific topic, a large number of relatedlinks a displayed. In this case, it becomes difficult to filterout the required information.


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E=ECONOMICAL

C=COMPETITIVE0=ONLINE

M=MULTIMEDIA

M=MULTI TASKINGE=EVERYWHERER=ROUNDTHECLOCK

C=COST CUTTINGE=EASY WAYS


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Catalog flexibility and Onlinefast updating

Shrinks the Competition Gap. Unlimited Market Place and

Business Access Which

Extend Customer Base. A 24 Hour Store Reduced Sale

Cycle. Lower Cost of Doing Business. Eliminate Middlemen. Easier Business

Administration. Frees Your Staff. More Efficient Business

Relationships. Workflow automation. Secure Payment Systems.


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LOWER TRANSACTION COST

ECONOMY

QUICK COMPARISON SHOPPING

HIGHER MARGINS

BETTER CUSTOMER SHOPPING


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Takes time for delivery ofphysical products

Uncertainty of physicalproduct, supplier & delivery

Perishable goods

Limited and selectedsensory information

Privacy, security, payment,identity, contract.

Size and number of

transactions.


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Globalism is the major trend shaping the future of theInternet.

Attachments to countries will marginally decrease,and attachments to the Earth as a shared resource will

significantly increase.Internet will integration with an increasing number of

other technologies in future.The Internet will become increasingly integrated withphones, televisions, home appliances, portable digital

assistants, and a range of other small hardwaredevices, providing an unprecedented, nearly uniform

level of integrated data communications.The future of the Internet technological revolution will

continue to be made in man's image.


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