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ANNULAR PRESSURE MANAGEMENT IN SPDC
ASSESSED INTERNSHIP PROJECT
DECEMBER 2012
ANDREW OFOEDU
UIG/T/DET
INTERN, PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY DISCIPLINE.
1
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OUTLINE
Objectives and Deliverables
Relevance to business
Overview
Methodology
Findings
Challenges
Key Stakeholders
Learning
Conclusion/Broader Implications
Recommendation
DECEMBER 20122
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PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Document the identified issues for
annular pressure management and
line of action to mitigate future
occurrence.
Deliver an optimized procedure for
annular pressure management and
sustainability plan to asset owners.
Demonstrate a good understanding of
annulus pressure management for day to
day operations of SPDC wells.
To determine the existing issues of
annular pressure management and clear
procedures for improvement.
To check why EC- eWIMS interface is not
functioning and to fix it so as to increase
SPDC APM compliance from 3% to 90%.
DECEMBER 2012
DELIVERABLES
3
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RELEVANCE TO BUSINESS
Prevention of HSE incidents – achieving goal zero.
Avoiding production loss and costly remedial activities.
Upholding company reputation- continued license to operate.
DECEMBER 2012 4
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APM OVERVIEW APM is one of the key components of Well Integrity Management System.
Wells are made up of pressure vessels within other pressure vessels, there is therefore need to maintain these vessels within the operational limits.
Types of Annular Pressures
Thermal Pressure (TP)
● Caused by expansion / contraction of fluids in annuli due to changes in temperature.
DECEMBER 2012 5
Applied Pressure (AP)
Pressure applied on an annulus for various purposes e.g. Gaslift, Compensating for bullheadingSustained Casing Pressure (SCP)
● Pressure from réservoir, adjacent annulus etc.
● Must be investigated whenever pressure cannot be proven to be either AP or
TP.
●
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HOW AND WHY MONITOR ANNULAR PRESSURE?
Annulus pressure is compared to the Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure(MAASP) and the Maximum Allowable Well Operating Pressure(MAWOP).
Pressure ≥ MAWOP and MAASP Indicates Integrity Issue.
Pressure is monitored to avoid Well Failures and Loss of Containment.
DECEMBER 2012 6
CollapseBursts
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PROJECT METHODOLOGY
DECEMBER 2012 7
TASK 1
APPROACH
APPROACH
APPROACH
APPROACH
TASK 2
TASK 3
TASK 4
TASK 5
APPROACH
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SUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES OF APM IN SPDC
DECEMBER 2012 8
Issues Number of Wells
Frequency (%)
Contributors Sample
wellsWellhead Seals Failure
6 Oil wells 3 Tubing hanger seal leaks
OPUK- 26S
Tubing- Annulus Leak/Communication
I64 Gas wells
18 Oil wells91
Valve LeaksCorrosion holes in TubingCasing CorrosionThread leaks
FORC-121T
UGHE-25T
Cement Integrity Failure 12 Gas wells 6
Gas migration due to poor cement bond.
AFAM 24
Total 200 100
A total of 200 Wells investigated.
About 99% of Tubing-Annulus leaks occurs at Installed Valves in SPM.
About 90% of T-A leaks occur in gas wells.
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THE DATA MANAGEMENT APPROACH
DECEMBER 2012 9
Integrity management
Planning and scheduling
EXISTING APPROACH
EC Interface not functional PROPOSED APPROACH
Manual Update
Annulus Pressure
Integrity management
Planning and scheduling
Annulus pressure
Auto
mati
c U
pdate
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REASONS FOR NON-FUNCTIONALITY OF EC-EWIMS LINK
DECEMBER 2012 10Footer: Title may be placed here or disclaimer if required. May sit up to two lines in depth.
Unified Well Identifier(UWI) of most wells are absent in EC.
EC Connection details were not made available to the programmers that set up the link.
There was no access to EC production database.
Updated Pressure in EC were not entered in the right cell where eWIMS can capture the data correctly.
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APM COMPLIANCE MONITORING
DECEMBER 2012 11
Targ
etMONTH AVERAGE
COMPLIANCE(%)
July 2.8
August 3.8
September 4.8
October 6.1
November 5.0
Factors Contributing to VariationsSome wells are connected to the PI Interface.
Update of Operating Envelopes- MAASP & MAWOP in EDM
Manual update of annular pressures of some wells.
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CASE STUDY : FORC- 121T HIGH CHP
DECEMBER 2012 12
Annulus Pressure Build Up Analysis
High annular pressure of about 255 barg (3700 psig)
B annulus pressure exceeded MAASP
Continuous build up after bleed down
Equalization with THP.
Wellhead photo
Annulus Annulus pressure (psi)
MAASP (psi)
A 3700 4928
B 2100 386
Recorded Data
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FORC-121T : Casing and Cement Schematic
4640’, 13-3/8” Casing shoeTOC – 5000 ftah
TOC ~9150 ftah (from CBL)
10570ftah, 9-5/8” csg
13080ftah, 7” Casing Shoe
AB
Casing outlet
Casing outlet
H3.500 Reservoir perf (12708 – 12738 ftah)
Wellhead seals (potential leak paths)
1 ‘ DCKValve + Dumb kill valve failure suspected.
Tubing
DECEMBER 2012 13
HC Reservoirs btw 5250 – 6970 ftah with reservoir pressure range of1977 – 2500 psi
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DECEMBER 2012 14
Gas Rate of about 2.3MMScfFBHP of about 2600psig
PROSPER MODEL OF FORC-121T
Current Gas Rate of about 3.0 MMScfdMatched
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MODEL FOR ANNULUS PRESSURE BUILD UP ESTIMATION
DECEMBER 2012 15
AREAS OF INTEREST
Fluid Influx into the Annulus – Leaks
Change in Annulus Volume – Buckling
Effect of Flow rateP Annulus
Pressure3500.6 psi(approx)
A Coefficient of thermal expansion
0.467°F-1
V’ Annulus Volume 2080.6 ft³
V Volume of Fluid in Annulus
2080.6 ft³
K Coefficient of Isothermal compressibility
2.78 E-4 psi-1
ΔT Average change in Temperature
1.8°C
ΔV Change in Fluid Volume
80 ft³
ΔV’ Change in Annulus Volume
Negligible
P = I/K(AΔT-ΔV’/V’+ΔV/V)
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THE PLANNED MITIGATION STRATEGY
DECEMBER 2012 16
Continuous Pressure Build up
Down hole Restriction
Build up Continues
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OTHER MITIGATION STRATEGIES TO BE CONSIDERED
DECEMBER 2012 17
Vacuum Insulated Tubing.
Corrosion Resistant alloys
Shrinking Spacers – MMA.
Foamed Spacers- Nitrogen
Self plugging- gas condensate sealant
VIT MMA Spacers
Foamed Spacers
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
DECEMBER 2012 18
High annulus pressure in FOCY121T is due to failure of the installed valve at the SPM of the tubing.
EC-eWIMS Interface was not functional due to the fact that the UWI were not entered in EC and there was no connection details made available.
Annulus pressure build up in SPDC occurs most frequently in gas wells.
Most of the recorded cases of build up occur due to the valves installed in the tubing.
The estimated annulus pressure is about 3500.6 psi from the Model and close to measured value of 3700 psi.
Pressure build up in FORCY- 121T is facilitated by increase in production rate.
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CHALLENGES AND RESOLUTION
19
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED RESOLUTION
Delay in Data Gathering/ Limited Data
Sought data from many sources and followed up in a timely manner.
Time constraint and management Drew a work plan with expected time of completion of each task.Weekly reviews with supervisor.Engage in PT/WIMS/Programmer weekly meetings.
First experience in Petroleum Engineering.
Attended training sessions e.g. Well Integrity courses and field visits to facilitate learning. Personal studies via SOU and IPIMS.
Tight Schedule of Key Stakeholders Booked appointments and followed it up timely.
Limited access to annulus due to stiff valve and swampy location of FORC-121T.
Worked with the available data pending when there is access.Mindful of the hazards and safety rules.
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KEY STAKEHOLDERS
20
Mode of Communication
One-on-one meetings
Live meetings
Telephone calls
Emails
Microsoft Office Communicator (MOC)
Well Integrity Focal Point- Gabon, SNEPCO and SPDC.
Asset Production Technologists.
WRFM Leads.
Programmers- Global eWIMS and EC Custodians.
Production Operations Team.
Well Intervention Engineers
DECEMBER 2012
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LEARNING
Developed research skills.
Better understanding of the need for integration and team work .
Improved networking/ persuasive ability.
Improved HSSE awareness.
Better understanding of approach to tasks ahead so as to meet set targets.
Learnt to be courageous and resilient when faced with unfamiliar problems.
Better understanding of engineering as related to business.
Improved practical knowledge of well Integrity management.
Better understanding of the use of Production Technology tools e.g. IPM PROSPER. 21
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CONCLUSION/BROADER IMPLICATIONS
Efficient monitoring of pressure will ensure the safety of assets, people and environment.
Avoiding pressure build up that may cause catastrophic failures.
Reducing environmental degradation.
Reducing unscheduled shutdown and loss of containment.
Enhance compliance with statutory requirements.
Enhance company’s reputation.
Contributing to the Team’s KPI.
22DECEMBER 2012
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Gas wells should be completed with corrosion resistant alloys to avoid leaks.
There should be less accessories/ jewelleries Installed at the Tubing
to avoid creating leak paths e.g. DCK valve installed at the tubing of
FORC -121T is unnecessary.
There should be regular monitoring of annular pressure especially
during well start up to ensure timely Intervention and avoid sudden
failure.
There should be regular update of pressure data , this will ensure
timely intervention.
Further research should be carried out especially in the area of build
up prediction as this will serve as a check on the measured pressure.DECEMBER 2012 23
THANK YOU
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BACK UP SLIDES
April 18, 2023 25Footer: Title may be placed here or disclaimer if required. May sit up to two lines in depth.
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Risk Assessment of FOCY121T
April 18, 2023 26Footer: Title may be placed here or disclaimer if required. May sit up to two lines in depth.
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FOCY121T :WELL STATUS DIAGRAM
April 18, 2023 27Footer: Title may be placed here or disclaimer if required. May sit up to two lines in depth.
Tension(lbs) 20,000 LBS
Stab in force 5'
size of Drift.
Derrick Floor Elevation
Datum-Top C.H.H. 39.64
Datum-Top Tree 27.91
Spud in Date 9/27/1986
Init. Completion date 9/30/1989
Recompletion Date/S 6/16/1992
casing Data
7" casing 13080'
No. of Joints L/S 390 JTS
No. of Joints S/S 6 JTS
Fluid in Hole 13,000
S PDC WARRI PCW
FORCADOS YOKRI-121COMPLETION STATUS AS AT 15-06-92
AUTHOR PCW-PTC Date: 26-02-2002LAST REVIEW Date: SEPT. 1992ELECTRONIC VERSION Odigie, T.CHECKED Sign: Mafe, A. A.
SIZE GRADE LBS/ft TYPE No.J TS
3-1/2" 12.75 HCS
2-7/8" 6.5 HCS
ITEM TYPE SIZE PSI REMARKS
GATE VALVE 'FCC' 4-1/16" x 4-1/16" FL 5000 PSI INSTALLED
XMAS TREE 45 Y SSB 7-1/16" x 4-1/8" x 4-1/82 API 5000 PSI WP INSTALLED
ADAPTOR FLANGE
TUBING HANGER SRT 4-1/2" API 5000 PSI WP INSTALLED
TUBING HEAD SRT 11" x 7-1/16" 5000 PSI x 5000 PSI 4-1/2 RAMS
RISER SPOOL ADAPTOR/WF 13-5/8" x 11" 3000 PSI x 5000 PSI INSTALLED
C.H. HOUSING WF 13-5/8" x 13-5/8" CSG 3000 PSI WP INSTALLED
SEAL BUSHING 'X'
Leak at DCK + Dumb kill Valve
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April 18, 2023 44
SPDC Well Integrity Data Management Approach
FULL MEANINGS
TESTING AND
MAINTAINANCE RESULTS
AUTOMATIC UPDATE
MAINTENANCE
SCHEDULING
LOGIC LOOP
TAs
FSR - Facility Status Report
WFM – Well Failure Model
eWIMS- electronic Well Integrity
Management System.
EDM Open Wells – Electronic Data
Management
PI/EC – Production Information/Energy
Components
DCS- Distribution Control System
PRG- Pressure gauge
DCSPRG
RRECORDED CASING HEAD/
ANNULAR PRESSURES
Man
ual U
pd
ate
Au
tom
ati
c U
pd
ate
Automatic Update
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Annulus Investigation Process Flowchart
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Record casing pressure (P)
|P - Pb| < 100 psi AND P < MAWOP
Pressure bleeds to ambient AND P builds to MAWOP in
longer than 1 month AND does not bled liquid HC
No
Yes
No
Yes
Perform risk evaluation
Risk acceptableIncrease monitoring frequency
No
Yes
Perform well remediation or risk reduction measures
Establish baseline pressure (Pb)
Perform pressure bleed down and analyze. Determine if there is
communication to the inside annulus.
2Leak during
start-up
1Start-up
complete
Communication with the inside annulus
No
Yes
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Poor Data Management
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Urgent Intervention Required
Overdue
Soon to be Overdue
Up to date
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COST ANALYSIS
DECEMBER 2012 31
S/N JOB AMOUNT PER UNIT($)
QTY AMOUNT($)
1 Barge per day 15000.00 14 217000.00
2 Rescue Boat per day 6500.00 14 91000.00
3 Slick Line Unit 3000.00 14 42000.00
4 Wellhead Support 2000.00 4 8000.00
5 31/2 inch SCSSV+Lock Mandrels+plug(2pcs)
53000.00 1 53000.00
6 Logistics/Security/Escort
1200.00 15 18000.00
7 Fuel 1200.00 14 16800.00
8 Work over 6500000.00 1 6500000.00
8 Total 6582400.00 6945800.00
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST = $6945800.00
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PROJECT PLAN
April 18, 2023 32
ASSESSED INTERNSHIP PROJECT TOR
PROJECT TITLE
ANNULAR PRESSURE MANAGEMENT
IN SPDC INTERN:Ofoedu Andrew
SUPERVISOR:Cosmas NwankwoMENTOR:Nwadike Nkili
DURATION:Aug 1 - Nov
ACTIVITY AUG. 1-3 AUG. 4 AUG 5-7 AUG 8-
12 AUG.
13AUG.
14AUG. 15-
20AUG.
21AUG 21-
31 SEPT 1-30
OCT 2-4
OCT 5-12
OCT 13-14 NOV/DEC
Literature Review
SPE/OnePetro, SOU, IPIMS Webite Search for Related Information
EP Well Integrity Management Manual(WIMM)
Internship Terms of Reference (TOR)
Training & Data Gathering
Understand Well Integrity Management System and Its Relevance
Training on The Determination of Annular Pressure Data(MAASP,MinAP,MAWOP)
Training on the Use of eWIMS and Interface with other Data Management Tools(EDM,FSR, EC)
Obtain MAASP Data from Selected Wells
Visit to Fields & Review of Annular Pressure From Wells of Interest
Sellect Wells For Detailed Assessment
Process Improvement in Standard Operating Procedures(SOP)
Mid Term Review
eWIMS- EC Link Testing
MAASP UPDATE IN EDM and eWIMS
Prepare Outline/Draft of Report
Preparation of Report/ Presentation
Review Report and Include Modifications
Project Presentation