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M.Nadeem ashraf University of poonch, Faculty of agriculture rawalakot
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Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf
2008-URTB-8285Roll No: 17
“Comparative Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Ordinary Urea versus Neem Oil Coated Urea”
INTRODUCTION Maize (Zea mays L) has an important position in
the existing cropping systems of Pakistan. Maize accounts for 4.8% of the total cropped area
and 3.5% of the value of agricultural output. The area under maize here is over one million
hectares and production 3.5 million metric tons. Maize is also an important crop of AJK with
about 0.122 million hectare of maize being planted during kharif.
Cont… Neem oil contains nitrification-inhibiting
properties, Nitrification inhibitors depress the activities of
Nitrosomonas thus less production of NO3
Neem (Azadirachta indica) based products restricts loss of chemical fertilizer and reduces cost of production due to less use of chemical fertilizers
OBJECTIVE To increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency(NUE) by
coating urea with Neem oil.
METHODOLOGY
Pot Study Design: Two factor factorial with 3
replications
1st Factor:1. Ordinary urea
2. Urea coating with 0.5% (w/w) neem oil
3. Urea coating with 1% (w/w) neem oil
Cont… 2nd Factor1. 0 mg N kg-1 soil
2. 90 mg N kg-1 soil
3. 120 mg N kg-1 soil
4. 150 mg N kg-1 soil
Basal Dose: 25 mg P kg-1, 35 mg K kg-1 and 10 mg
Zn kg-1 Duration: 40 days
Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done by using Statistix 8.1. LSD at
0.05 level of probability for treatment differences
RESULTS
Physico-chemical characteristics of selected soil Soil characters Unit value
pH - 7.65
EC (1:1) (dS m-1) 0.47
O.M (%) 0.83
NO3-N (mg kg-1) 1.08
P (mg kg-1) 0.61
K (mg kg-1) 58
Sand (%) 38.8
Silt (%) 39.2
Clay (%) 22
Texture - Loam
RESULTSWhole shoot weight as affected with N Levels of ordinary urea and neem oil coated urea
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 90 120 150
Shoo
t wei
ght
(g p
lant
-1)
Nitrogen Applied (mg N kg-1 soil)
No coating0.5% Neem oil coating1% Neem oil coating
Nitrogen concentration
Nitrogen concentration in whole shoot of maize as affected with nitrogen levels of ordinary urea and neem oil coated urea.
N Levels
No coating 0.5% NOCU 1% NOCU N Levels Mean
Nitrogen concentration in whole shoot (%)
0 mg N kg-1 soil 1.643 1.689 2.2017 1.705 D
90 mg N kg-1 soil 2.013 2.1533 2.311 2.060 C
120 mg N kg-1 soil 2.201 2.0137 2.4397 2.317 B
150 mg N kg-1 soil 2.276 2.8063 2.721 2.601 A
Mean (Neem oil coating) 2.033 B 2.240 A 2.239 A
LSD (N Levels) = 0.111LSD (Neem Oil) = 0.096LSD (Treatment X Neem Oil) = 0.191
Nitrogen uptake by whole shoot of maize
020406080
100120140160180
0 90 120 150
Nitr
ogen
Upt
ake
(%)
Nitrogen Applied (mg N Kg-1 soil)
No coating0.5% Neem oil coating1% Neem oil coating
NO3-N in soil after harvesting
N Levels
No coating
0.5% NOCU
1% NOCUN Levels
Mean
NO3-N in soil after harvesting (mg kg-1)
0 mg N kg-1 soil 2.853 3.422 18.285 8.186 A
90 mg N kg-1 soil 3.258 3.442 18.603 8.437 A
120 mg N kg-1 soil 3.263 4.296 24.222 10.594 A
150 mg N kg-1 soil 3.362 4.35 26.246 11.319 A
Mean (Neem oil coating) 3.183 B 3.881 B 21.839 A
LSD (N Levels) = 5.91LSD (Neem Oil) = 6.83LSD (Treatment X Neem Oil) = 11.83
NH4-N in soil after harvesting
N LevelsNo coating 0.5% NOCU 1% NOCU N Levels
Mean
NH4-N in soil after harvesting (mg kg-1)
0 mg N kg-1 soil 39.465 24.542 8.651 24.220 D
90 mg N kg-1 soil 40.801 24.585 11.333 25.573 C
120 mg N kg-1 soil 47.923 33.887 17.831 33.067 B
150 mg N kg-1 soil 55.328 35.989 18.102 36.473 A
Mean (Neem oil coating) 45.882 A 29.751 B 13.867 C
LSD (Treatment) = 0.823LSD (Neem Oil) = 0.713LSD (Treatment X Neem Oil) = 1.425