7

INTERPRETATION AND REPORT

WRITING

BY SAURABH CHAURASIA

&

AVIJIT MAHATA

PGPM II

WHAT IS INTERPRETATION?

It refers to the task of drawing inferences from the collected facts after an analytical or experimental study

Extracting meaningful information from the data

REASONS FOR INTERPRETATION?

Researcher can well understand the abstract principle that work beneath his finding.

Interpretation leads to the establishment of explanatory concepts that can serve as a guide for future research studies.

It lead to the make others to understand the real significance of his research finding

TECHNIQUES OF DATA INTERPRETATION

Researcher must give reasonable explanations of relations which he has found.

Researcher must interpret the lines of relationships in terms of the underlying processes

Researcher must try to find out the tread of uniformity that lies under the surface layer of his diversified research.

Extraneous information, if collected during the study must considered while interpretation the final results of research study, for it may prove to be a key factor in understanding the problem under consideration.

Take an consultation with some one having insight into the study and point out the omissions and error logically. It’ll lead to the correct interpretation and will enhance the utility of research results.

TECHNIQUES OF DATA INTERPRETATION

TECHNIQUES OF DATA INERPRETATION

Researcher must accomplish the task of interpretation only after considering all relevant factor affecting the problem to avoid false generalization.

Researcher need to be patient while interpretation of data otherwise it’ll lead to inaccurate conclusions.

PRECAUTION IN INTERPRETATION

Researcher must satisfy himself that

Data are appropriate, trustworthy and adequate for drawing inferences.

While interpretation researcher must remain cautious about the errors that can possibly arise in process of interpreting results.

While in the course of research study, there should be constant interaction between initial hypothesis, empirical observation and theoritical conceptions.

REPORT WRITING

It’s considered a major component of the research study for the research task remains incomplete till the report has been presented or written.

It’s explain the significance of writing research report

STEPS IN REPORT WRITING

Logical analysis of subject matter

Preparation of the final outline

Preparation of rough draft

Rewriting and polishing

Preparation of final bibliography

Writing the final draft

TYPES OF REPORT

TECHNICAL REPORT

Format

Your report needs a good Format and structure – it should include most of the following categories:

Heading Page

Content List

Executive Summary

Background / Introduction

Methods

Results

Observations

Conclusions and Appendices

Heading Page

Leave the Report heading page ‘til last!

The report Header needs a lot of thought & first impressions count when looking at a report

It’s the secret to making a simple report look absolutely brilliant! The header is fun to create!

Think about the Layout of the front page:

Size and Style of font

Color of font (the bigger the font enables you to use a lighter color)

Use of images and logos

Use the Report Templates via Microsoft Word™

Contents Page

This is obviously another page you will leave until you have compiled the main body of the report

A contents list is only necessary for a lengthy report

Give each section of your report a title and cross refer this to a page number

Page numbers can be automatically entered by setting the appropriate section of the Microsoft Word™ Header or Footer  

Executive Summary

An Executive Summary is a real ‘must’ if your report is a really lengthy one

An executive summary provides bullet points ofall of the main elements of your report

It gives the ‘reader’ a snapshot view of the contents

It ensures that your main points are emphasized

And it conveys a really professional image!

An executive summary is easy to create once you have written the complete report

Background or Introduction

The Background or Introduction section should set the scene for the reader

It should explain why the information in the report has been put together

It should details any problems that have been identified and the effect of any such problems on the content of your report

Results This section should detail the results of the

exercise – the facts. These can be presented in text or tabulation format, depending on the content

If the results are quite short they can be presented within the body of the report

Remember that charts, diagrams or graphs can be exported from Excel or PowerPoint and embedded into the body of the report

If, however , the results are lengthy consider if they would be better placed as an Appendix

Observations Sometimes presenting factual results

is simply not enough

There might be other influences that should be mentioned

You might wish to make your own comments on the subject of the report

Observations are not fact-based and therefore cannot be substantiated

Observations are your views!

Recommendations

This section allows you to make recommendations based on the findings of your report

The recommendations could be for:

Change

Improvement

New Ideas

The recommendations should be based on the findings / results detailed in the report

Conclusions

The ‘How’ factor!

How the implementation of your ideas and

recommendations would improve

Service

Productivity

Performance

Your assessment of the outcomes

Your evaluation of the benefits

It’s your chance to really ‘sell’ your ideas and  recommendations to the reader!

Appendix

Appendices allow you to add supporting information to your report. You can attach spreadsheets, forms, questionnaires, tables,charts, articles – in fact anything that willsupport the content of your report

By attaching an Appendix it will allow yourreport to flow, without interruption

Appendices are usually numbered using Roman Numerals – toget the right effect select the font style ‘Times new Roman’ anduse capital letters e.g. Appendix I, Appendix II, Appendix III etc.

Impact

A report is compiled of many different elements

Always keep in mind the Impact of your report on the Reader

The Impact of your report will be dictated by the ‘look’ – so think about it carefully

The ‘look’ can help you create a positive image of the writer – YOU!

End of Report Writing Presentation

We hope that this presentation has given yousome good ideas

We hope you have enjoyedthis presentationon the subject ofReport Writing!