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INTERVIEWINGINTERVIEWING
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THE OPPORTUNITYTHE OPPORTUNITYAlways Be Ready to Interview Could Be Casual or FormalCould Be in a Store or On a Street
CornerCould Be at Work or a Social AffairCould Be at a Professional or Fun
EventFirst Impressions Really Count
Your Next “Boss/Subordinate” May Be Beside Your Next “Boss/Subordinate” May Be Beside You You
- At An Unexpected Time Or Place- At An Unexpected Time Or Place
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TYPES OF INTERVIEWSTYPES OF INTERVIEWS
CategoriesEmploymentAppraisalCounselingDisciplinaryPersuasive
TypesLayered Questions Interview
• Series of questions designed to gather information about the “Three Employer Concerns”
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TYPES OF INTERVIEWSTYPES OF INTERVIEWSPerformance/Role Play Interview
• Candidate role-plays job functions to assess specific skills
Stress Interview• Intended to put candidate under stress
and assess reactions Informal Interview
• Intended to get the candidate to reveal more information than they might otherwise
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TYPES OF INTERVIEWSTYPES OF INTERVIEWS
Reverse Role Interview• The candidate becomes the interviewer
Assessment Instruments Interview• Various types of techniques are used to determine if candidate is a good fit
Combination Interview• A combination of two or more interviews
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MODES OF INTERVIEWINGMODES OF INTERVIEWING
Telephone Screenings On-Campus Interview On-Site Interview Off-Site Interview Third Party Facility Visit
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Planning The InterviewPlanning The Interview
PurposeInformation GatheringStructurePossible QuestionsPlan physical settingAnticipate problem
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CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEWCONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW
OpeningBody
Interviewer’s roleRespondent’s role
Closing
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THREE EMPLOYER CONCERNSTHREE EMPLOYER CONCERNS
Skill Concerns• Can you do the job?
Personal Characteristics Concerns• Will you do the job?• Will you get along well with others?• Are you manageable?
Money Concerns• Can the company afford you?
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Before the InterviewBefore the Interview::
Research
Rehearse
Relax
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ResearchResearch::
The workplace-the physical setting
The companyThe nature of the businessThe company culture and philosophy
The management style The name(s) of the interviewer(s)The location and how to get there
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RehearseRehearse::
The questions the interviewer might ask
The features and benefits you bringThe stories or evidence that prove you can address the employer’s needs
The physical aspects of the interview-your handshake, your body language, your attire
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During the InterviewDuring the Interview
Be on time or a few minutes early Call if you will be detained Dress appropriately- conservatively
for the first meeting Be professional and courteous with
everyone you meet in the office, especially the receptionist
Make a good first impression Show the interviewer that you are
the perfect fit
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During the InterviewDuring the Interview
Professional and firm handshake SMILE Maintain eye contact Positive attitude and confidence Enthusiasm and a good posture Focus on skills / accomplishments /
success stories Active listening is the key - make
sure you understand the reason for the question
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During the InterviewDuring the Interview
Ask for clarifications and / or paraphrase the question to make sure you know what the interviewer means
Refrain from criticizing others (including your past employer / workplace
Thank the interviewer and arrange a follow-up
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After the InterviewAfter the Interview
ReviewAssess how you didWhat questions you answered
wellWhich responses need
improvementFill in interview checklist
RelaxDo something pleasurable
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POST INTERVIEW ACTIONSPOST INTERVIEW ACTIONS
Follow-up Communications• Oral and written
Position Acceptance/Rejection• Oral and written
Human Resources Organization• Do not circumnavigate them unless you have prior approval from them
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ETHICS OF INTERVIEWINGETHICS OF INTERVIEWING
Guidelines for the InterviewerDon’t make unrealistic promisesDon’t reveal confidential informationDon’t ask illegal questionDon’t be overbearingDon’t be overfriendly
Guidelines for the respondentDon’t be dishonestDon’t waste interviewer’s time
GROUP COMMUNICATION & EFFECTIVE MEETING
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Characteristics of GroupsCharacteristics of Groups
Groups Range in size from 3 to 15 people.
Members know each other by name or role.
There is a considerable amount of interaction.
Members are interdependent. Common goals, interests, benefits
of membership are shared within the group.
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ROLES - Group CommunicationROLES - Group Communication
Effective groups establish cohesiveness and norms.
Roles (Every member plays at least one role). Task Roles
Information agent: offers facts and asks for input
Elaborator: offers further clarification Personal Roles
Harmonizer: smoothes over tension in the group
Gatekeeper: controls communication channels
Problem RolesBlocker: negative and stubbornly resistant
behaviorAvoider: displays noninvolvement in the
group
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FACTORS AFFECTING GROUP FACTORS AFFECTING GROUP COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
SIZELongevityLeadershipSelf-conceptStatus
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PROCESSPROCESS
Orientation StageConflict stageEmergence stageReinforcement stage
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Styles of Decision MakingStyles of Decision Making
Authoritarian Two situations call for this style:Crisis situations Lack of group knowledge
There are major disadvantages to this method.
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Styles of Decision MakingStyles of Decision Making
• Laissez-Faire Decision Making
–Valuable time and resources can be lost.
–This group operates without guidance from a designated leader.
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Styles of Decision makingStyles of Decision making
Participative:The leader makes decisions with the group.
Benefits are noted from research:Members are more committed to outcomes.
Quality of decisions is improved.Limitations revolve around time issues and perceptions of the leader’s expertise.
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EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE MEETINGSMEETINGS
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ANSWERE THE FOLLOWING ANSWERE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
WhyWhichWho WhereWhen
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THINGS TO REMEMBERTHINGS TO REMEMBER
NoticeAgendaMinutesOpening ExecutionConclusionFollow-up
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Types of Meetings
• Informational (or instructional) meeting
– formal
– informal
• Problem-solving and decision-making meetings
Change Facilitating Meetings•
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Plan a Meeting
“The P3 Model”
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Plan a Meeting
Plan the meeting prior to its assembly using the “N.E.A.T.E.R.” acronym.
Plan
a
Meeting
Expectations
Agenda
Time
Extra Resources
Nature
EffectiveMeeting
EffectiveMeeting
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FOLLOW - UPFOLLOW - UP
Making, Organizing and Presenting the Speech
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Getting StartedGetting Started What is being requested of me? Logistics of the event
WhereTravel PlansSchedule Travel Times
WhenPlan on arriving at least 30 minutes
early for set up Are there other speakers? You may need to coordinate.
Equipment AvailableLCD, Microphone, Extra Handouts, etc.
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Remember Remember
Purpose What is the goal of this speech?
InformChange MindsAcademic Etc.
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PURPOSEPURPOSE
InformativePersuasiveEntertaining
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ANALYZING THE AUDIENCEANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
AgeSexOccupationIntelligenceBackgroundCulture
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Research the Topic and AudienceResearch the Topic and Audience
Grasp the Objective When requested to speak, be sure to make sure that your understanding of the topic is THEIR understanding of the topic.
Research the topic thoroughly. This helps prepare for questions.
Interview the inviter if necessary
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Research the Topic and Research the Topic and AudienceAudience Know the audience
Formal – (First Impressions Count!)
InformalStudentsAudit Committee
Understand the Type of SpeechPersuasive, Informative, Demonstrative, Commemorative(remember), Other
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Methods of SpeakingMethods of Speaking
Using ManuscriptMemoryImpromptuExtemporaneous
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Organizing StructuresOrganizing Structures
The IntroductionThe Body
Chronological patternSpatial PatternCausal orderTopical pattern
The conclusion
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Draft the PresentationDraft the Presentation
Outline the Major Points Introduction (Tell them what you are going to say)
Body (Tell them) Conclusion (Tell them what you told them)
Build in the Detail within each major point
Make the presentation appropriate for the audience
Once “completed”, set it down for 48 hours, then revisit.
Have someone else review it if appropriate.
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Present Present
Dress Appropriately Use the restroom immediately
before presentingMake sure you are healthy.
Postpone if you are ill (if possible).
Make sure your language is appropriate
Start with a story or an appropriate joke. This draws in the audience.
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Present (Continued)Present (Continued)
Expect to be a bit nervousBe sure to meet with the meeting’s “chairman” so they know you are there.
Check to make sure equipment works and is available
Have paper copies as a backup
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Present (Continued)Present (Continued)
If you make a mistake, laugh at yourself, make the correction, then move forward.
Avoid jargon. Avoid overuse of acronyms. Interject interesting information to
“keep” your audienceMoneyAnecdotal Stories
Take off your watch, but place it where you can see it. Watch your time.
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Present (Continued)Present (Continued)
Address your audience, not your shoes or the slides.
Speak clearly and slowly and with appropriate volumeNote : If a Microphone is provided, use it. Sometimes presentations are recorded or off-site people will not be able to hear unless you speak through the microphone.
End conclusively!
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Persuasive SpeechPersuasive Speech
Problem – solution orderMotivated SequenceDeductive and inductive structures
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How To make Speech How To make Speech effectiveeffective
Supporting IdeaIllustrationStatisticsExpert TestimonyAnalogiesAnecdotes (real life characters), Fables (animals), Parables(fictitious stories)
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How To make Speech effectiveHow To make Speech effective
Visual AidsUsing Right Medium
HandoutsBoardsFlip chartsOHPSlidesComputersVideotapes, audiotapes, films etcModels & Physical objects
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Improve your skillsImprove your skills
After the presentation, think about how well you did.
Look for areas of improvement.
Keep a “library” of presentations that you can use for the future along with notes of what went well / not well.