Intro Measurement

8/12/2019 Intro Measurement

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Geostatistics (SXEX1104)

NIR = Dr. Nur Islami Rahman

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References

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Tan, Halimah, 1994, Pengenalan Statistik.

Swan, 1998, Introduction to Geological Data Analysis.

Davis, 1986, Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology. Journals => local and international

Lecture Notes: Spectrum


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Important date (Tentative)

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Continuous Assessment 1


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Introduction

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Objective

To understand the importance of geostatistics in solvingthe geosciences problems.

To understand the measurement and its associated

matter.

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Introduction

Geostatistics originated from the mining and petroleumindustries, starting with the work by Danie Krige in the 1950's

and was further developed by Georges Matheron in the

1960's.

In both industries, geostatistics is successfully applied to solve

caseswhere decisions concerning expensive operations are

based on interpretations from sparse data located in space.

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Statisticsis the study of the collection, organization,analysis, and interpretationof data. It deals with all aspects

of this, including the planning of data collection in terms

of the design of surveys and experiments.

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Geostatistics ?

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Production well

Production well

Production well

7km 8km

????

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Introduction

Overview


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Overview

(Motivation and inspiration)

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Tambora Field

Geostatistics

for oil and

gas industry

Mapping

subsurface


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Time (ms)

Introduction

Overview(Motivation and inspiration)


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Overview


Kriging versus Sequence Gaussian Simulation (SGS)



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Overview

Geostatistics has since been extended to many otherfields in or related to the earth sciences, e.g.,

hydrogeology,

hydrology,

meteorology, oceanography,

geochemistry,

geography,

soil sciences,

forestry,

landscape ecology, etc.

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Overview(Motivation and inspiration)

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Introduction

Kriging

Nitrate

mg/l


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TDSW Number Location N E TDS5 Pengkalan Cepa 681700 478100 2145

13 Tanjung Mas 678900 475200 917.7778

19 Jln. Merbau 678300 472500 257.3333

21 Perol 666200 472600 64

24 Jelawat 664700 486500 58

25 Kubang Kerian 673500 476400 70.4

29 Pintu Geng 674700 471600 59.2

34 Beris Kubur 671900 485700 5247.6

36 Peringat 665900 477400 44.8

37 USM K. Kerian 674200 477400 111.5

38 S.K Demit 675800 477300 194.75

39 Kp. Binjai 672200 479200 113

40 Kedai Lalat 675900 480000 87.75

41 K.Pdg. Penyedap 671500 474300 41.75

42 S.K. Pasir Hor 673300 474800 46.25

43 S.K Sribong 671100 475200 4244 Kg. Lundang 671100 476500 77.25

45 Kg. Chica 675200 476300 85

46 K. Bunut Payong 674100 473700 73.25

47 Wakaf Che Yeh 673400 472300 66.5

48 J. Kuala Krai 671100 471900 97.5

49 Pintu Geng 674500 471550 60.75

50 Kg. Huda 674600 475600 104.75

51 S. Ram. Rendang 678900 475800 80.25

52 Kg. Langgar Tpg 677500 477100 107.75

53 Wkf. Mek Zainab 679200 472800 166.5

54 Kg. Bawah Lemb 676600 471700 66.5

55 Pasir Pekan 676900 470200 37.25

56 L. Kg. Sedar 683400 465100 98.85714

57 L. Wakaf Bharu 676600 467700 66.8

58 Kg. Chap 668100 483600 100.5714

60 L. Kg. Putih 676200 471900 121.6

Mg/l


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Overview


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Shepard

Introduction

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TDS


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Three population Datawithin 1 map


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Measurement

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Measurement

To collect the data, need to understand purpose of the measurement

what data will be collected

what scale and unit will be used to measure the data,

how to do data sampling.

Precision and Accuracy

Precision refers to the repeatability of a measurement (more

closely clustered about the average). Accuracy is an estimate of how close to the true value.

(equipment has an important role)

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Measurement

The nominal (classificatory) scale Consist of a classification of observations into mutually

exclusive categories of equal range.

These categories may be identified by names (color of mineral: red,

green, blue), symbols (A, B or C), or by number (1,2,3 => simple)

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Kelantan RiverPengkalan Datu River

Kemasin River

South China Sea N

Marak Hill

Panchor Hill

Boundary Range

Jawa Hill

0 to 0.1

0.1 to 0.2

0.2 to 0.3

0.3 to 0.4

0.4 to 0.5

0.5 to 0.6

0.6 to 0.7 0.7 to 0.8

0.8 to 0.9

0.9 to 1

1 to 2

2 to 3

Unit in mg/L

Meter

Meter

Kota Bharu

Bhacok

4 Km


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Measurement

The ordinal scale Observation in a hierarchy of states (Rank)

=> Mohs hardness scale.

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Measurement

The ratio scale

Not only have equal increments between the steps, but also

have a true zero point.

Measurement of length.

Highest form of measurement => mathematical and statistical

operation, most geological measurement (length, volume, mass)

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S l f M f i i


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Scales of Measurement for quantitative

variables

Nominal

Categorical

Ordinal

Ranking with no specific interval

Interval

Specific numerical interval between subsequent levels

Ratio Interval, with absolute zero position


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Sampling Method

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Documents

Intro Measurement