INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPYDwi Indria AnggrainiDept. of Pharmacology and TherapyFaculty of Medicine – Lampung University

Definitions

Pharmacology

• Pharmacokinetic• Pharmacodynamic

Pharmacy

Pharmacognosy

Clinical Pharmacolog

y

Pharmacogenetic

Pharmacotherapeutic

Pharmacoeconomic

The knowledge of : History, source,

Physical & chemical Properties,

compounding, biochemical & physiological

effects, mechanism of actions, absorption, distribution,

biotransformation & excretion,

therapeutic & other uses of drugs(Benet, 1997)

The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease

( = medical /clinical

pharmacology)

(Katzung,1997)

Pharmacology

•The study of absorption, distributions, biotransformation and excretion of drugs•What the body do to the drugs•Fate of the drug in the body•Involved in how the concentration of drug in the body varies with time

Pharmacokinetics

•The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action•What the drug do to the body

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacy :The scientific study about preparing, compounding and dispensing of drugs

Pharmacognosy :The branch of pharmacology that study about sources of drugs.

Clinical Pharmacology:The scientific study of drugs in man

The study of the drugs use in the prevention & treatment of disease

Some mechanism of actions of drugs :• Stimulate / depress biochemical or

physiological functions relief of symptoms

• Alter the course of disease

• Eliminate the pathogenic cells / organisms

Pharmacotherpeutics

Study relationship of genetics factors to variations in drug response (Brody, 1998)

Concerned with drugs responses that are governed by heredity (Laurence & Bennet, 1987) Inherited causal factors are :

• Biochemical – genes govern the production enzymes• Anatomical – mydriatics induced glaucoma in

patients with a shallow anterior eye chamber

Pharmacogenetics

Aspect of pharmacology that deals with AEs of drugs

Concerned with- drugs used in therapy- chemical household and industrial

intoxication

Toxicology

Chemical agent that effect the living process

Any substance used to modify physiological system OR pathological condition for the benefit of the recipient

So… what is drug?

Essential drugsmeet the health of the majority of

population

Generic drugsmarketed by any producers under non-

proprietary (=INN) / branded namesexp: paracetamol

Patent drugs (branded drug)pharmaceutical products marketed

under branded namesexp: Panadol, tempra

Drugs…

a. on-ethical drugs sold without R/• Unlimited drugs (B-class) = OTC drugs• Without cautionary labeling

• Limited drugs (W-class) = semi OTC drugs• With cautionary labeling• Pharmacy/licenced drug store

b. Ethical drugs sold with R/• Potent drugs (G-class)• Narcotics drugs (O-class)

Drugs in the market: classification…

K

Thank You.....