Intro to Global HistoryIntro to Global History

HistoryHistory

Why Study It?Why Study It?– Avoid repeating past mistakesAvoid repeating past mistakes– Helps make sense of present eventsHelps make sense of present events

“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”

Studying history is necessary to avoid repeating past mistakes. This saying comes from the writings of George Santayana, a Spanish-born American author of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Vocabulary: Put in GlossaryVocabulary: Put in Glossary

AnthropologistAnthropologist– A person who studies the characteristics A person who studies the characteristics

and culture of humankindand culture of humankind

ArchaeologistArchaeologist– A scientist who digs up the remains of A scientist who digs up the remains of

ancient societies to study their cultureancient societies to study their culture

Vocab, cont’d (put in glossary)Vocab, cont’d (put in glossary)

ArtifactArtifact– The man-made objects of ancient The man-made objects of ancient

societies (e.g., tools, jewelry)societies (e.g., tools, jewelry)

Vocab, cont’d (put in glossary)Vocab, cont’d (put in glossary)

FossilFossil– The remains of life preserved in rock The remains of life preserved in rock

(e.g., bones)(e.g., bones)

Primary SourcePrimary Source– A first-hand account of an event (e.g., A first-hand account of an event (e.g.,

diary)diary)

Cultural Vocabulary: Put in Cultural Vocabulary: Put in GlossaryGlossary

CultureCulture– The way of life of a group of people, The way of life of a group of people,

including language, religion, food, art, including language, religion, food, art, etc.etc.

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion– The spread of culture from one region to The spread of culture from one region to

another (e.g., McDonald’s, from the US another (e.g., McDonald’s, from the US to half the countries in the world)to half the countries in the world)

Cultural Vocabulary: Put in Cultural Vocabulary: Put in GlossaryGlossary

Cultural DiversityCultural Diversity– The variety of culture within a region The variety of culture within a region

(e.g., Africa has over 1000 languages)(e.g., Africa has over 1000 languages)

EthnocentrismEthnocentrism– The belief your culture is superior (best); The belief your culture is superior (best);

judging other cultures by your own judging other cultures by your own standardsstandards

GovernmentGovernmentPurposes: order; safety; Purposes: order; safety; organization; securityorganization; securityTypes: ExamplesTypes: Examples– Monarchy – rule by king, queen, etc.; Monarchy – rule by king, queen, etc.;

can be constitutional (limited power) or can be constitutional (limited power) or absolute (unlimited power)absolute (unlimited power)

– Democracy: rule by the people Democracy: rule by the people (citizens) directly (ancient Greece) or (citizens) directly (ancient Greece) or indirectly, through representatives indirectly, through representatives (modern republics)(modern republics)

EconomicsEconomicsThe study of how a nation uses its scarce The study of how a nation uses its scarce (limited) resources to satisfy unlimited (limited) resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needswants and needs

Resources: The 4 Factors of ProductionResources: The 4 Factors of Production– Capital (money and tools)Capital (money and tools)– Entrepreneurs (people who start businesses)Entrepreneurs (people who start businesses)– Land (natural resources)Land (natural resources)– Labor (workers)Labor (workers)

Economics, cont’dEconomics, cont’d

Types of economic systemsTypes of economic systems– Market (people own businesses)Market (people own businesses)– Command (government controls Command (government controls

businesses)businesses)– Mixed (blends market and command)Mixed (blends market and command)– Traditional (run according to Traditional (run according to

customs/religion)customs/religion)