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Monday, 8/3 Bellwork: Have book at your desk. Create flashcards for the Ch. 2 Vocabulary. Make sure you have black and red pens.
ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātum - to walk
arō, arāre, arāvī, arātum - to plow
habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātum - to live, dwell
portō, portāre, portāvī, portātum - to carry
rogō, rogāre, rogāvī, rogātum - to ask
regnō, regnāre, regnāvī, regnātum - to rule
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum - to call
et – and
aut – or
sed - but
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3 Introduction
• The tense of a verb tells what time its action takes place.
• Latin has six verb tenses
• In Ch 3, we focus on the present, imperfect, and future tenses.
• The present, imperfect, and future tenses make up the present system.
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense
Review of present tense:
English has three ways to indicate the present tense:
simple present – She sings.
present progressive – She is singing.
present emphatic – She does sing.
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense
In Latin the present tense is formed by finding the stem of a verb and adding personal endings:
2nd p.p. - re = stem
arāre – re = arā
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense
Conjugate: arō, arāre
1s ________ 1pl ________
2s ________ 2pl ________
3s ________ 3pl ________
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense
Conjugate: arō, arāre
1s arō 1pl arāmus
2s arās 2pl arātis
3s arat 3pl arant
Say together in Latin, then give meanings in English.
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense
Conjugate: habitō, habitāre
1s ________ 1pl ________
2s ________ 2pl ________
3s ________ 3pl ________
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense
Conjugate: habitō, habitāre
1s habitō 1pl habitāmus
2s habitās 2pl habitātis
3s habitat 3pl habitant
Say together in Latin, then give meanings in English.
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense
Conjugate: portō, portāre
1s ________ 1pl ________
2s ________ 2pl ________
3s ________ 3pl ________
Monday, 8/3
Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense
Conjugate: portō, portāre
1s portō 1pl portāmus
2s portās 2pl portātis
3s portat 3pl portant
Say together in Latin, then give meanings in English
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
English often uses a helping verb to indicate tense:
Present – She is singing.
Imperfect – She was singing.
Future – She will sing.
Latin has no helping verbs.
Latin uses a tense marker between the stem and the personal endings you have already learned.
Formula – Stem + tense marker + personal endings = a new tense (future, imperfect)
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
The future tense marker is –bi-
Two exceptions – ‘i’ drops before ‘ō’ is 1st. s. and becomes a ‘u’ in 3rd pl. Thus amō, amāre in the future tense:
1s amābō 1pl amābimus
2s amābis 2pl amābitis
3s amābit 3pl amābunt
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
English has two options to express the future tense:
Simple future – I will love
Progressive future – I will be loving
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Conjugate in future tense: portō, portāre
1s ________ 1pl ________
2s ________ 2pl ________
3s ________ 3pl ________
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Step 1 – Put stem in every blank
Conjugate in future tense: portō, portāre
1s portā 1pl portā
2s portā 2pl portā
3s portā 3pl portā
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Step 1 – Put stem in every blank
Step 2 – Place tense markers (note 1s and 3pl)
Conjugate in future tense: portō, portāre
1s portāb 1pl portābi
2s portābi 2pl portābi
3s portābi 3pl portābu
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Step 1 – Put stem in every blank
Step 2 – Place tense markers (note 1s and 3pl)
Step 3 – Place personal endings
Conjugate in future tense: portō, portāre
1s portābō 1pl portābimus
2s portābis 2pl portābitis
3s portābit 3pl portābunt
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Conjugate in future tense: arō, arāre
1s ________ 1pl ________
2s ________ 2pl ________
3s ________ 3pl ________
Tuesday, 8/4
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Conjugate in future tense: habitō, habitāre
1s ________ 1pl ________
2s ________ 2pl ________
3s ________ 3pl ________
Block 8/5 Ch 3, Sec. 11 Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense marker is ‘-ba-’.
N.B. – the first person singular uses the ‘-m’ ending, not the ‘-ō’ ending.
Formula is still --- stem + tense marker + ending = imperfect tense
Block 8/5 Ch 3, Sec. 11 Imperfect Tense
N.B. long marks are added to tense marker for 2nd person s. and pl. plus 1st person pl.
Block 8/5 Ch 3, Sec. 11 Imperfect Tense
Perfectus in Latin means ‘finished’ or ‘complete’.
So the perfect tense is for completed actions.
E.g. simple past - I plowed
The imperfect tense is for not completed or continuing action in the past, the past progressive in English.
E.g. I was plowing, I used to plow, I kept on plowing
Block 8/5
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Conjugate in imperfect tense: portō, portāre
Steps – 1) Place stem in every blank
1s portā 1pl portā
2s portā 2pl portā
3s portā 3pl portā
Block 8/5
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Conjugate in imperfect tense: portō, portāre
Steps – 1) Place stem in every blank
2) Add tense marker to stem (mind macra!)
1s portāba 1pl portābā
2s portābā 2pl portābā
3s portāba 3pl portāba
Block 8/5
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Conjugate in imperfect tense: portō, portāre
Steps – 1) Place stem in every blank
2) Add tense marker to stem (mind macra!)
3) Add personal endings (remember 1s = -m)
1s portābam 1pl portābāmus
2s portābās 2pl portābātis
3s portābat 3pl portābant
Block 8/5
Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense
Conjugate in imperfect tense: vocō, vocāre
Steps – 1) Place stem in every blank
2) Add tense marker to stem (mind macra!)
3) Add personal endings (remember 1s = -m)
1s _______ 1pl _______
2s _______ 2pl _______
3s _______ 3pl _______