Introduction

Cells

By Mr. Lin

Image Courtesy of http://www.cnas.missouristate.edu/labimages/Biology/Bio122/images/Week%208%20Images/Liver%20cells.JPG

What Are Cells?

What are cells?

• Cells are the “building blocks” to living things.– Each cell has a job in an animal or plant’s

body in order to keep it functioning properly.

• Organelles: – Every cell is made up of smaller parts that

help keep the cell healthy. These are called organelles.

Types of Cells

• Animal cells: – Cells that make up an animal.

• Plant cells: – Cells that make up a plant.

• Plant and Animal cells are similar. However there are a few key differences, which we will discuss later on.

Animal Cells• Well, let me use a . . . Simile .

• “Animal cells are like cities.”

Image Courtesy of http://www.norfolkdevelopment.com/demographic-facts/images/RedSkySkyline.jpg

Animal Cells have . . .

City Limits: BoundariesImage Courtesy of http://www.system-safety.org/~issc_2006/abq-city-limits.gif

Animal Cells also have . . .

A City Government: They control the environmentImage Courtesy of http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/images/cityhall/cityhall-large.gif

Animal Cells have . . .

A Constitution: Plan on how to run the cityImage Courtesy of http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/images/constitution-

01.gif

Animal Cells have . . .

Power Plants: To Provide EnergyImage Courtesy of http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/acidrain/images/ar-stacks.jpg

Animal Cells have . . .

Warehouses: For storing food and wasteImage Courtesy of http://www.treepad.com/photo_album/amsterdam/images/32.jpg and

http://images.trucks.com/images/47a.jpg

Animal Cells have . . .

Space To Move Around In: Roads, sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds, parks

Image Courtesy of http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/10d-13/midtown-manhattan-city-street.jpg

Mitochondria: The Power Plant releases energy from food.

Cell Membrane: Separates surrounding with what’s outside.

Nucleus: The Control Center for all the cell’s activities.

Chromosomes: Thread-like structures that contain information about the animal’s characteristics. Holds DNA.

Cytoplasm: The jellylike substance that fills the cell. Allows other organelles to move around

Vacuoles: Stores food and waste

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

The Nucleus

Mitochondria

Plant Cells

• Well, let me use a . . . Simile .

• “Plant cells are like fortified cities.”

Image courtesy of http://www.softxs.ch/alan/travel/oman/forts/pb120310.jpg

Plant Cells have . . .

Walls: A Stiff protection against intrudersImage Courtesy of http://www.panoramio.com/photos/medium/4674/middle-head-forts-

sydney.jpg

Plant Cells ALSO have . . .

A Food-maker from the Sun: “Magical” devices that turn the sun’s energy into food and sugar.

Image Courtesy of http://www.sunflowerproject.org/sunflower-field-fs.jpg

Plant Cells ALSO have . . .

City Limits: BoundariesImage Courtesy of http://www.system-safety.org/~issc_2006/abq-city-limits.gif

Plant Cells ALSO have . . .

A City Government: They control the environmentImage Courtesy of http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/images/cityhall/cityhall-large.gif

Plant Cells ALSO have . . .

A Constitution: Plan on how to run the cityImage Courtesy of http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/images/constitution-

01.gif

Plant Cells ALSO have . . .

Power Plants: To Provide EnergyImage Courtesy of http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/acidrain/images/ar-stacks.jpg

Plant Cells ALSO have . . .

Warehouses: For storing food and wasteImage Courtesy of http://www.treepad.com/photo_album/amsterdam/images/32.jpg and

http://images.trucks.com/images/47a.jpg

Plant Cells ALSO have . . .

Space To Move Around In: Roads, sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds, parks

Image Courtesy of http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/10d-13/midtown-manhattan-city-street.jpg

Mitochondria: The Power Plant releases energy from food.

Cell Membrane: Separates surrounding with what’s outside.

Chromosomes: Thread-like structures that contain information about the plant’s characteristics. Holds DNA.

Cytoplasm: The jellylike substance that fills the cell. Allows other organelles to move around

Vacuoles: Stores food and waste

Chloroplast: This organelle converts the sun’s energy into sugar through photosynthesis.

Nucleus: The Control Center for all the cell’s activities.

Cell Wall: The stiff protection on the outside

IMPORTANT FACT! Animal cells have MANY small vacuoles. Plant cells have one BIG vacuole

Cell Wall and Vacuoles

Chloroplast (and Photosynthesis)

Review

• The conversion of the sun’s energy into sugar (food) is called . . . – Photosynthesis

• ? + ? + ? = sugar– Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water = sugar

• In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?– Chloroplast

Mitochondria: The Power Plant releases energy from food.

Cell Membrane: Separates surrounding with what’s outside.

Chromosomes: Thread-like structures that contain information about the plant’s characteristics. Holds DNA.

Cytoplasm: The jellylike substance that fills the cell. Allows other organelles to move around

Vacuoles: Stores food and waste

Chloroplast: This organelle converts the sun’s energy into sugar through photosynthesis.

Nucleus: The Control Center for all the cell’s activities.

Cell Wall: The stiff protection on the outside