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IntroductionIntroduction
13/10/2016 Emad Elbeltagi 2
Project CharacteristicsProject CharacteristicsWhat a Project?What a Project? “Unique process consisting of a set of coordinated and
controlled activities with start and finish dates, undertaken to achieve an objective conforming to specific requirements, including constraints of time, cost, quality and resources”
A Project is a planned set of activities
A Project has a scope
A Project has time, cost, quality and resource constraints
“Unique process consisting of a set of coordinated and controlled activities with start and finish dates, undertaken to achieve an objective conforming to specific requirements, including constraints of time, cost, quality and resources”
A Project is a planned set of activities
A Project has a scope
A Project has time, cost, quality and resource constraints
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Project CharacteristicsProject CharacteristicsWhat a Project?What a Project? A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to
accomplish a unique product or service” (PMBOK® Guide)
projects Attributes unique purpose
temporary
require resources, often from various areas
should have a primary sponsor and/or customer
Involve uncertainty
A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to accomplish a unique product or service” (PMBOK® Guide)
projects Attributes unique purpose
temporary
require resources, often from various areas
should have a primary sponsor and/or customer
Involve uncertainty
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Project CharacteristicsProject CharacteristicsProject CharacteristicsProject Characteristics Defined goal or objective stated by the owner and accomplished by
the project team Specific tasks to be performed Defined beginning and end Resources being consumed. The 4 Ms (Manpower, Machinery,
Materials, and Money,) As the project progresses, the project team learns more about the
project
Defined goal or objective stated by the owner and accomplished by the project team
Specific tasks to be performed Defined beginning and end Resources being consumed. The 4 Ms (Manpower, Machinery,
Materials, and Money,) As the project progresses, the project team learns more about the
project
TimeInformation
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Project CharacteristicsProject CharacteristicsExamples of ProjectsExamples of Projects Developing a new product or service
Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or style of an organization
Writing a book
Designing a new transportation vehicle
Constructing a building or facility
Running a campaign for political office
Implementing a new business procedure or process
Developing a new product or service
Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or style of an organization
Writing a book
Designing a new transportation vehicle
Constructing a building or facility
Running a campaign for political office
Implementing a new business procedure or process
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Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle
From the owner’s Perspective From the owner’s Perspective
The project life cycle may be viewed as a process through which a project is implemented from beginning to end
The project life cycle may be viewed as a process through which a project is implemented from beginning to end
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Preconstruction Procurement Construction Closeout
Preconstruction Procurement Construction Closeout
Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle (Project stages)Project Life Cycle (Project stages)
As the construction progresses, the cost increases while the influence decreases
As the construction progresses, the cost increases while the influence decreases
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Conceptual planning Very important for the owner (e.g., big store chains) During this stage the owner hires key consultants including the
designer and project manager, selects the project site, and establish a conceptual estimate, schedule, and program
The owner must gather as much reliable information as possible about the project
The most important decision is to proceed with the project or not
Conceptual planning Very important for the owner (e.g., big store chains) During this stage the owner hires key consultants including the
designer and project manager, selects the project site, and establish a conceptual estimate, schedule, and program
The owner must gather as much reliable information as possible about the project
The most important decision is to proceed with the project or not
Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)Project Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)
1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents
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Schematic Design During this phase, the project team investigates alternate design
solutions, materials and systems. Apply Value Engineering Completion of this stage represents about 30% of the design
completion for the project
Schematic Design During this phase, the project team investigates alternate design
solutions, materials and systems. Apply Value Engineering Completion of this stage represents about 30% of the design
completion for the project
Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)Project Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)
1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents
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Design Development Designing the main systems and components of the project. Good communication between owner, designer, and construction
manager is critical during this stage because selections during this design stage affect project appearance, construction and cost.
This stage takes the project from 30% design to 60% design
Design Development Designing the main systems and components of the project. Good communication between owner, designer, and construction
manager is critical during this stage because selections during this design stage affect project appearance, construction and cost.
This stage takes the project from 30% design to 60% design
Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)Project Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)
1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents
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Contract Documents Final preparation of the documents necessary for the bid package
such as the drawings, specifications, general conditions, and bill of quantities
All documents need to be closely reviewed by the construction manager and appropriate owner personnel to decrease conflicts, and changes
With the contract documents are almost complete; a detailed and complete cost estimate for the project can be done Designing the main systems and components of the project
Contract Documents Final preparation of the documents necessary for the bid package
such as the drawings, specifications, general conditions, and bill of quantities
All documents need to be closely reviewed by the construction manager and appropriate owner personnel to decrease conflicts, and changes
With the contract documents are almost complete; a detailed and complete cost estimate for the project can be done Designing the main systems and components of the project
Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)Project Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)
1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents
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Also called Bidding and award phase The project formally transits from design into construction This stage begins with a public advertisement for all interested
bidders or an invitation for specific bidders In fast-track projects, this phase overlaps with the design phase If the project is phased, each work package will be advertised and
bid out individually It is very important stage to select highly qualified contractors. It
is not wise to select the under-bid contractors
Also called Bidding and award phase The project formally transits from design into construction This stage begins with a public advertisement for all interested
bidders or an invitation for specific bidders In fast-track projects, this phase overlaps with the design phase If the project is phased, each work package will be advertised and
bid out individually It is very important stage to select highly qualified contractors. It
is not wise to select the under-bid contractors
Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle (2. Procurement)Project Life Cycle (2. Procurement)
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The actual physical construction of the project This stage takes the project from procurement through the final
completion It is the time where the bulk of the owner’s funds will be spent It is the outcome of all previous stages (i.e., good preparation
means smooth construction) The consultant will be deployed for contract administration and
construction supervision Changes during construction may hinder the progress of the
project
The actual physical construction of the project This stage takes the project from procurement through the final
completion It is the time where the bulk of the owner’s funds will be spent It is the outcome of all previous stages (i.e., good preparation
means smooth construction) The consultant will be deployed for contract administration and
construction supervision Changes during construction may hinder the progress of the
project
Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle (3. Construction)Project Life Cycle (3. Construction)
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Transition from design and construction to the actual use of the constructed facility
In this stage, the management team must provide documentation, shop drawings, as-built drawings, and operation manuals to the owner organization (as-built drawings are the original contract drawings adjusted to reflect all the changes that occurred)
Assessment of the project team’s performance is crucial in this stage for avoiding mistakes in the future.
Actual activity costs and durations should be recorded and compared with that was planned. This will serve as the basis for the estimating and scheduling of future projects
Transition from design and construction to the actual use of the constructed facility
In this stage, the management team must provide documentation, shop drawings, as-built drawings, and operation manuals to the owner organization (as-built drawings are the original contract drawings adjusted to reflect all the changes that occurred)
Assessment of the project team’s performance is crucial in this stage for avoiding mistakes in the future.
Actual activity costs and durations should be recorded and compared with that was planned. This will serve as the basis for the estimating and scheduling of future projects
Project Life CycleProject Life CycleProject Life Cycle (4. Closeout)Project Life Cycle (4. Closeout)
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Most designers and contractors tend to focus their efforts within specialty areas
Most designers and contractors tend to focus their efforts within specialty areas
Types of ProjectsTypes of ProjectsTypes of Construction ProjectsTypes of Construction Projects
Four Categories are identified:1. Residential Housing 2. Building Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure
Four Categories are identified:1. Residential Housing 2. Building Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure
This classification is based on: The way the projects are funded The technologies involved The way the owner, designer, and builder interact
This classification is based on: The way the projects are funded The technologies involved The way the owner, designer, and builder interact
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Types of ProjectsTypes of ProjectsTypes of Construction ProjectsTypes of Construction Projects
1. Residential Housing 2. Building Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure1. Residential Housing 2. Building Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure
Residential housing Include: homes, apartments, and low and high-rise buildings Funded by individual owners for their own use or by developers for
profit They use fairly low technologies and requires little investment Large number of small designers, builders, and suppliers 1/3 of construction spending is on residential construction The builder or the owner can design
Residential housing Include: homes, apartments, and low and high-rise buildings Funded by individual owners for their own use or by developers for
profit They use fairly low technologies and requires little investment Large number of small designers, builders, and suppliers 1/3 of construction spending is on residential construction The builder or the owner can design
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Types of ProjectsTypes of ProjectsTypes of Construction ProjectsTypes of Construction Projects
1. Residential Housing 2. Building Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure1. Residential Housing 2. Building Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure
Non-residential Building Construction Office buildings, large apartment buildings, malls, theaters,….. It depends on the economy of a specific region Most of these projects are privately funded Designed by architect and engineer, and built by general
contractor These buildings use technical support more than that in residential
buildings
Non-residential Building Construction Office buildings, large apartment buildings, malls, theaters,….. It depends on the economy of a specific region Most of these projects are privately funded Designed by architect and engineer, and built by general
contractor These buildings use technical support more than that in residential
buildings
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Types of ProjectsTypes of ProjectsTypes of Construction ProjectsTypes of Construction Projects
1. Residential Housing 2. Buildings Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure1. Residential Housing 2. Buildings Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure
Industrial Examples include: factories, petroleum refineries….. It is defined more by the production activities within the facility In capitalism countries, most of these facilities are privately
funded Only few designers and builders are qualified to bid in these
projects These projects are the most technical of all
Industrial Examples include: factories, petroleum refineries….. It is defined more by the production activities within the facility In capitalism countries, most of these facilities are privately
funded Only few designers and builders are qualified to bid in these
projects These projects are the most technical of all
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Types of ProjectsTypes of ProjectsTypes of Construction ProjectsTypes of Construction Projects
1. Residential Housing 2. Buildings Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure1. Residential Housing 2. Buildings Construction3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure
Infrastructure and Heavy Construction Examples: roadways, bridges, water and sewer systems Designed by civil engineers and built by heavy construction
contractors Publicly funded and affected by the government policy Long in duration Less sensitive to the ups and downs of the economy Heavy use of equipments Build Operate Transferee (BOT)
Infrastructure and Heavy Construction Examples: roadways, bridges, water and sewer systems Designed by civil engineers and built by heavy construction
contractors Publicly funded and affected by the government policy Long in duration Less sensitive to the ups and downs of the economy Heavy use of equipments Build Operate Transferee (BOT)
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Different classifications and many participants are involved in a construction project
Different classifications and many participants are involved in a construction project
Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsProject ParticipantsProject Participants
Main Project Participants1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Main Project Participants1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsThe OwnerThe Owner
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
The Owner or the Client Is the person or organization that will pay the bills
Owner Organizations Public (e.g., government agencies)
Private: individual, corporations, partnership
The Owner or the Client Is the person or organization that will pay the bills
Owner Organizations Public (e.g., government agencies)
Private: individual, corporations, partnership
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsThe OwnerThe Owner
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Responsibilities What the project will include (scope and objectives)
When the project can begin and when must end (schedule)
How much can spend (budget)
Formation Large companies have divisions to set up these tasks
Small business can hire project manager, consultants, etc…..
Responsibilities What the project will include (scope and objectives)
When the project can begin and when must end (schedule)
How much can spend (budget)
Formation Large companies have divisions to set up these tasks
Small business can hire project manager, consultants, etc…..
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsDesign ProfessionalsDesign Professionals
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Design Professional Examples are: architects, engineers, consultants
Depending on the owner size, they can be part of the owner’s organization or hired
In some cases, the design professional & construction contractor together form a design-build company
Design Professional Examples are: architects, engineers, consultants
Depending on the owner size, they can be part of the owner’s organization or hired
In some cases, the design professional & construction contractor together form a design-build company
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsDesign ProfessionalsDesign Professionals
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Design Professional Responsibilities Assist the owner in developing the project scope, budget, and
schedule
Prepare construction documents for bidding and construction
Architect Is an individual who plan and design buildings. Sometimes they
define and provide the whole envelope of the whole project
Design Professional Responsibilities Assist the owner in developing the project scope, budget, and
schedule
Prepare construction documents for bidding and construction
Architect Is an individual who plan and design buildings. Sometimes they
define and provide the whole envelope of the whole project
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsDesign ProfessionalsDesign Professionals
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Engineer An individual or a firm who perform specialized work associated
with the design or construction
They usually classified as civil, mechanical, electrical
Engineering-Construction Firm An organization that combines both architect/engineering and
construction
Has the capability of performing of what called design-build
Engineer An individual or a firm who perform specialized work associated
with the design or construction
They usually classified as civil, mechanical, electrical
Engineering-Construction Firm An organization that combines both architect/engineering and
construction
Has the capability of performing of what called design-build
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsConstruction ProfessionalsConstruction Professionals
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Construction Professional Named as the contractor
Responsible for physical construction of the project
In traditional system where the owner, design, and contractors are separate, the contractor named a prime contractor
The prime contractor may divide the work among sub-contractors
Construction Professional Named as the contractor
Responsible for physical construction of the project
In traditional system where the owner, design, and contractors are separate, the contractor named a prime contractor
The prime contractor may divide the work among sub-contractors
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsConstruction ProfessionalsConstruction Professionals
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Prime contractor
Civil Mechanical Electrical
Plumbing Elevators
Owner
Contract
Contract
Contract
First Sub-contractor
Second Sub-contractor
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsProject ManagerProject Manager
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Project Manager A project manager is the person responsible for leading a
project from its inception to execution
This includes planning, execution and managing the people,
resources and scope of the project
Project Manager A project manager is the person responsible for leading a
project from its inception to execution
This includes planning, execution and managing the people,
resources and scope of the project
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsProject ManagerProject Manager
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
Project Manager Named by the owner
Responsible for the overall coordination of the project
Clear definitions of the goals of the project.
Investigate alternative solutions for the problems.
Develop a detailed plan to make the selected program reality.
Implement the plan and control the project
Project Manager Named by the owner
Responsible for the overall coordination of the project
Clear definitions of the goals of the project.
Investigate alternative solutions for the problems.
Develop a detailed plan to make the selected program reality.
Implement the plan and control the project
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsProject ManagerProject Manager
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
A Good Project Manager Proactive not reactive
Adequately plans the project
Decisive
Good Communicator
Manages by data and facts not uniformed optimism
A Good Project Manager Proactive not reactive
Adequately plans the project
Decisive
Good Communicator
Manages by data and facts not uniformed optimism
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Projects ParticipantsProjects ParticipantsProject ManagerProject Manager
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager
A Good Project Manager Leads by example
Has sound Judgement
Motivator
Diplomatic
Can Delegate
A Good Project Manager Leads by example
Has sound Judgement
Motivator
Diplomatic
Can Delegate
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Stakeholder(s): “A person or group of people who have an interest in the success of an organization and the environment in which the organization operates”
Stakeholders are people or organizations: With an interest in the project Who can affect a project Who may be affected by a project
Stakeholder(s): “A person or group of people who have an interest in the success of an organization and the environment in which the organization operates”
Stakeholders are people or organizations: With an interest in the project Who can affect a project Who may be affected by a project
Project StakeholdersProject StakeholdersProject StakeholdersProject Stakeholders
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Funding Body Customers Suppliers End Users Shareholders Lobbies Government Agencies Neighbours Community
Funding Body Customers Suppliers End Users Shareholders Lobbies Government Agencies Neighbours Community
Project StakeholdersProject StakeholdersTypical StakeholdersTypical Stakeholders
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Project StakeholdersProject StakeholdersStakeholders ContextStakeholders Context
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Identify them, classify them, build a picture of how they feel towards your project and why
Monitor and constantly update your awareness Use this knowledge to create and maintain:
Your Communications Plan Your Risk Management Plan Your Overall Project Plan
Identify them, classify them, build a picture of how they feel towards your project and why
Monitor and constantly update your awareness Use this knowledge to create and maintain:
Your Communications Plan Your Risk Management Plan Your Overall Project Plan
Project StakeholdersProject StakeholdersWhy do Stakeholders Need to be Managed?Why do Stakeholders Need to be Managed?