INTRODUCTION OF HUMAN BODY

Mastura Johar

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BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE BODY

CELL – Basic unit, all shape CELL – Basic unit, all shape and sizes.and sizes.

TISSUE - Groups of cells TISSUE - Groups of cells combined, Example nerves, combined, Example nerves, muscles and connective tissue. muscles and connective tissue. These in turn form organs and These in turn form organs and organ systems. (Lungs, Heart)organ systems. (Lungs, Heart)

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

226 bones in human bodies226 bones in human bodies Bones Function – Bones Function –

- Support and movement andSupport and movement and- storage red blood cells. storage red blood cells. - Protection for internal organs such as Protection for internal organs such as

brain.brain. Consist – Consist –

- Veterbrae - supportVeterbrae - support- Long bones (Arms & leg) -movementLong bones (Arms & leg) -movement- Rib Cage – protect body’s vital organRib Cage – protect body’s vital organ- Shorter Bundles of bone – more moveableShorter Bundles of bone – more moveable

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SKELETON

226 bones in a

human body

JOINTS Connection between two or more bones.Connection between two or more bones. Fixed (ribs) or movable (knee) Fixed (ribs) or movable (knee)   5 major types of joints5 major types of joints

- - Ball & socket – circular Ball & socket – circular movements in most directionmovements in most direction

- - Hinge joint –open & shut in a Hinge joint –open & shut in a similar fashion to a door hinge.similar fashion to a door hinge.

-- Vertebral joints – connect large bones Vertebral joints – connect large bones to a spine.to a spine.

-- Sliding joints – move from side to Sliding joints – move from side to side and up down. (Wrist & ankle)side and up down. (Wrist & ankle)

-- Pivot Joints – Rotates around bony Pivot Joints – Rotates around bony prominence prominence to another bone. (first cervical to another bone. (first cervical vertebra vertebra rotates around secondrotates around second cervical.cervical.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

40% body mass.40% body mass.

To move bonesTo move bones

3 Types of muscle3 Types of muscle- Smooth muscle (arteries, Smooth muscle (arteries,

stomach)stomach)- Cardiac muscles (muscle of the Cardiac muscles (muscle of the

heart)heart)- Skeletal muscle or Striated Skeletal muscle or Striated

muscle (arm, leg)muscle (arm, leg)

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MUSCLES

630 muscles

in a human body

630 muscles in a

human body

MUSCLES

Skeletal muscles only pull on the Skeletal muscles only pull on the bone they do not push a bone.bone they do not push a bone.

Skeletal muscles usually works in Skeletal muscles usually works in pairs.pairs.

Skeletal muscle has an origins and Skeletal muscle has an origins and an insertion – determines the an insertion – determines the direction it move.direction it move.

Muscles contract or relax. Agonist Muscles contract or relax. Agonist or antagonist facilitate the move.or antagonist facilitate the move.

THANK YOU

Mastura Johar